Type your search terms in the omnibox/address bar & click enter. That will automatically search using Google, so you don't have to go to the Google website.
Go to http://www.google.com and type in your search keywords. You'll get a page that looks like this:
News: Clicking this will limit your search to only include news articles
Images: Clicking this will limit your search to only include images
Videos: Clicking this will limit your search to only videos
Maps: Clicking this will limit your search to only maps
Settings: Click here & select Advanced Search to search for phrases or languages, as you might in a library database
Tools: Click here to get the option of searching within a certain time period
Go to https://scholar.google.com/
Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories, universities and other web sites. Google Scholar helps you find relevant work across the world of scholarly research.