Employ strategies to reduce or avoid negative emotions (i.e., avoid going near someone who bothers you, change seats)
Visualize positive outcomes
Set a reward for after a difficult task or getting through a tough situation
Caveat: Avoidance could be a sign that you struggle to engage in difficult conversations or stand up for yourself
3. Attention-Shifting Strategies
Make plans to improve outcomes (i.e., you receive a bad grade and you make a plan to study more or ask for help in the future)
Positive self-talk: giving ourselves “pep talks”; showing empathy and self-compassion; speaking in the third person can make it more effective
Distract yourself (i.e., doodle, social media, eating snacks, exercise)
Caveat: procrastination can delay stress in the short term, but escalate stress long term
4. Cognitive-reframing Strategies
View a situation that you initially perceive as negative from a different perspective (i.e, a store clerk is rude to you. Instead of feeling insulted, you think that maybe they are having a bad day or dislike their job.)
Benefit: This activates empathy
5. The Meta-Moment
Strategy to bring down your “emotional temperature”; ground yourself
Take a moment to pause before reacting
When you are triggered emotionally...
Sense the shift in your emotions
Stop or pause: breath, create space before you respond
See your best self: reconnect with your values to guide your reaction
Strategize and act: use a strategie (i.e., positive self-talk, reframing); respond as your best-self