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What is a Computer
A computer is a programmable device that stores, retrieves, and processes data. The term "computer" was originally given to humans (human computers) who performed numerical calculations using mechanical calculators, such as the abacus and slide rule. The term was later given to mechanical devices as they began replacing human computers. Today's computers are electronic devices that accept data (input), process that data, produce output, and store (storage) the results (IPOS).
Second Generation Computers
TX-0 = Transistorized Experimental computer zero, designed at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
Era of Transistors
Second generation computers makes use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
Faster than 1st generation computers
Cheaper and more reliable than 1st generation computers.
Energy efficient
Magnetic tapes & disk were used as storage.
Machine language & Assembly language, were mostly used.
What is a transistor?
A semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to rectification.
Uses of transistors
amplify electronic signals
used as rectifiers
used as switches
Types of transistors
NPN transistors
PNP transistors
The main difference between the NPN and PNP transistor is, that an NPN transistor turns on when the current flows through the base of the transistor.
Whilst, a PNP transistor turns ON, when there is no current at the base of the transistor.
Third Generation Computers
One major feature of the 3rd Gen computers is the use of integrated circuits (IC's). This has helped save a lot of space in computers.
Features of 3rd Gen
Made up of IC's
Power consumption is low
High-level languages were used.
Large memory capacity.
Components of a Motherboard
The motherboard is defined as a circuit board for the computer system, also called logic board or mainboard. In the computer system, the biggest component is the motherboard that controls all the components of the computer system and establishes a link between all components.
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