Provide a link to your annotated bibliography.

Roebuck, J. B., & Murty, K. S. (2016). Rape and Sexual Assault on College Campuses: An Intersection of Gender and Social Class. Race, Gender & Class, 23(3–4), 89–108. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26529210

This article is an empirical analysis of 6 unique facets of sexual assault. It discusses statistics, characteristics of perpetrators/victims, societal impacts and how schools handle cases. The study addresses many qualities such as psychological effects, class based effects and is very concise and objective. It is a study as opposed to an opinion piece.  This source has useful information pertaining to very nuanced statistics and covers a lot regarding race/socioeconomic status etc. and who is more likely to be targeted. It is a journal article published by professors at Clark Atlantic University and Fort Valley State University. It has proved useful and seems to be a lot more empirical than other sources I’ve looked at. It’s reliable due to it being a part of an official societal journal. Its’ goal is to educate those reading it on sexual assault and all of the niches surrounding it. The only downside that I’ve noticed is that it was published in 2016, so some of the statistics may have changed since then. In conclusion, I think this source will be useful in my overall research. I was shocked by some of the statistics, as many of the more subtle numbers were almost unreal. It is very helpful as it directly addresses the who where and what of my research question, although it hasn’t really shifted my opinion besides making me more aware of the more gore details.

Campus Sexual Assault: Suggested Policies and Procedures. (2013). Bulletin of the American Association of University Professors (2010-), 99, 92–100. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24615249

This article is more of a step by step guide for administrators on incorporating preventative policies into college campuses. It directly addresses teachers and how it can impact students academic performance and how boards can handle violence in school. It discusses policies such as better security and blue light systems. This source has some good information regarding adequate administrative response and internal handling. Although I found it useful, there is a section that uses legalese when talking about legal repercussions. With some of it being hard to understand and feels like fluff at some points. That aside, there are a lot of ideas proposed that seem very useful and effective for teachers to broadcast to seniors. I gained a lot of inspiration/ideas from some of the clauses proposed. This article is a bulletin post to the Society of University Professors from 2013, which may pose an issue considering the age. Although it is definitely reliable with a purpose of sharing preventative measures with other professors nationwide. While this article didn’t completely alter my perspective on the topic, it definitely made mention of preventative procedures that I would have not thought about independently, so I may be able to take bits and pieces from the numerous protocols described. This article feels more optimistic regarding the tone of prevention, not recovery although both are described. The mood is urgent and treats sexual violence on campus as a serious issue which I think is important.

Armstrong, E. A., Hamilton, L., & Sweeney, B. (2006). Sexual Assault on Campus: A Multilevel, Integrative Approach to Party Rape. Social Problems, 53(4), 483–499.  https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2006.53.4.483 

As of the year 2000, 1 in every 4 women have been victims of attempted or completed rape. I 

have stated this before but according to this article 75% of rapes involve alcohol or it plays some sort of minor factor. Which is an indicator that most rapes are considered “party rapes” which is a distinct form in where intoxicated person(s) are specifically targeted at an off campus event (i.e frat party). This article continues to dive deeper into that and eventually argumentatively falls in line with the previous 2. With a later emphasis on what colleges have specifically done to address the problem and other tools that have come about with a rise of the problem. However, it divides the problem of sexual violence into 3 distinct factors, that being a psychological approach, which is a result of either the victim’s or perpatrator’s past experiences. The next is the promotion of “rape culture” growing in America, which trivializes sexual violence and creates attitudes that discredit those who have been affected by it. Lastly is “situational context” where a perpetrator is not planning on committing an act but is enticed by someones vulnerable status in the moment (i.e drunk). This article specifically is from a journal that I believed to be useful during my time of reading. I got some good info on how this is generally classified on campuses and how the different types are labeled and what that means for the victims. I think this fits right in with the other sources as it is very professional and provides a certain specificity that I’ve been looking for. However, while it is from a reliable source, it is very outdated as it was published in ‘08. Making it almost 20 years old. And while I’m sure some of the info persists, I will probably not be able to take statistics in fear of being inaccurate. However, the goal of these articles remains the same, to professionally educate and paint sexual violence as a significant issue that needs attention. As said previously, I think this source is very strong and provided me with some good information. With the glaring flaw of the date of its publication ignored, I was informed about a lot more stuff pertaining to the issue such as psychological classification. It hasn’t changed my overall opinion on the subject but has definitely helped me learn more. I just need to be cautious when siphoning info in fear using archaic information.

Beaver, W. R. (2017). Campus Sexual Assault: What We Know and What We Don’t. The Independent Review, 22(2), 257–268. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26314820

This source takes a much more skeptical approach in which the author discusses several studies done through a variety of organizations. It than breaks down those statistics further into specific categories and gets into gore data regarding attempted v completed rape, the types and other nuances. It calls into question the handling by campuses, minor statistics and the medias response. It concludes with what was shared by the studies, so what is an absolute known and what is either over or under exaggerated. What was shared by all surveys was the prevalence of drinking with violence ( >50%). As well as males being the main perpetrators and most importantly, the significant amount of underreporting, with over 70% going unaddressed by the victims. This is also a journal article that is probably reliable considering it is dedicated to clarifying myth from rumour on the topic. I think it could be useful with my overall project to dispel what misinformation or misconceptions people may have about my topic. I would say this is different from my other sources as it is attempting to draw a line between certainty and inference. Considering there are specific surveys sited from different organizations I would assume that yes, the information is reliable. The goal is also slightly different, as others have been solely dedicated to education, the purpose of this source is to very articulately define what we do know v. what we don’t. I wasn’t necessarily surprised by a lot of the information as it was similar to what I knew was already factually proven in my previous sources. The section discussing the similarities and differences were relatively predictable but its nice to have that confirmation. I think its important that people are properly educated and not over/underestimating the issue at hand. So I think it is a useful source but still doesn’t change my general perspective on the topic.