big data

questions may cover: characteristics of big data (volume, variety, velocity, etc.), generation, processing and analysing data in different formats, interpretation and representation (bias and display), tools and technologies used in big data, and big data considerations (privacy, ethics, and data governance).

network communication protocols

Questions may cover:questions may cover: the internet protocol suite and its four abstraction layers (application, transport, internet, and link), application layer protocols (HTTP / HTTPS), transport layer protocols (TCP and UDP), traffic analysis, network optimisation (e.g. queuing theory, predictive maintenance, patterns, anomalies, security threats), encapsulation and de-encapsulation, and security (SSL / TLS).

complexity and tractability

Questions may cover: questions may cover: polynomial and non-polynomial time complexity, Big O notations (O(1), O(log n), O(n), O(2n), O(n!), O(nk), best-case, worst-case, and average-case time complexity), NP-complete (e.g. travelling salesman / knapsack), and solving complex problems (approximation algorithms / heuristics / brute force).

computer graphics

For computer graphics, questions may cover: matrices and transformations, line and circle drawing, line and circle algorithms, graphics algorithms, image rendering, lighting.