The Battle of the Ditch

Allah ka farmaan hai:

"Tumhare liye Allah ke Rasool mein behtareen misaal hai un logon ke liye jo Allah aur Aakhri Din ka yaqeen rakhte hain aur Allah ko aksar yaad karte hain."

(Misali tarjuma Quran: Surah Al-Ahzab, Ayat 21-27) 

Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed aur Uhud ke baad ke jazbaat:

Jang-e-Uhud ke baad Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed ka zehan us jang mei apni jeet aur Musalmanon ki mazahimat par bar-bar ghoomta raha. Woh sochte thay ke kis tarah woh moqa mila jab teeron ke nishanabaazon ne apni jagah chhori, aur kis tezi aur samajhdari se unhone is moka ka faida uthaya. Hazrat Khalid ne aage chal kar apni jangon mei isi qisam ke chalaki se baray karname anjam diye.

Magar ek baat jo unke liye samajhna mushkil tha woh yeh thi ke Musalmanon ka jazba aur hosla itna be-misal kyun tha? Ek chhoti si fauj, jo mukhtalif simton se gher li gayi ho, kis tarah itni mazbooti se apne Ameer aur apne deen ki hifazat ke liye ladti rahi? Yeh sochte huye Hazrat Khalid ko lagta tha ke shayad nayi deen ka asar ya Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ ki shakhsiyat mein koi khaas baat thi jo dosre logon mein nahin thi. Magar us waqt Khalid ka naya deen apnane ka koi irada nahi tha. Balki woh agle muqable ka intezar kar rahe thay, ek khel ke jazbe ke saath aur bina kisi kheench-taan ke.

Waqia-e-Rajee:

625 AD mei Rajee ke qareeb ek waqia hua jo Makka aur Madinah ke darmiyan tanaav ko mazeed barha gaya. Chand Arab log Rasool Allah ﷺ ke paas aye aur Islam qabool karne ka izhar kiya. Unhone guzarish ki ke unke qabeelay ko deen samjhanay ke liye chand Musalman bhejein. Rasool Allah ﷺ ne 6 Sahaba ko is kaam ke liye muntakhib kiya. Magar yeh sab ek chal tha.

Rajee ke qareeb, in Musalmanon par ek qabeelay ke 100 lashkaron ne hamla kar diya. Teen Sahaba shaheed ho gaye aur teen ko giraftar kar liya gaya. Yeh qaidi Makka le jaaye gaye jahan unka qatl intiqam ke liye kiya gaya. Khubaib bin Adi aur Zaid bin Al Dasinna ko Makka le jaa kar shiddat se azaab diya gaya. Khubaib ko spearon ke nokein se zakham diya gaya, magar unke hosle ko kuchal nahin sake. Jab Zaid aur Khubaib ko shahaadat ka moka mila, unhone kufr ko qabool karne se inkaar kar diya aur shahaadat ko pasand kiya.

Jang-e-Badr ka Doosra Muqabla:

Jang-e-Uhud ke baad Abu Sufyan ne agle saal Badr mein phir se ladne ki dhamki di thi. 626 AD mein Nabi ﷺ ne kaha, "Main kafir se wada pura karunga, chahe mujhe akela jana pade." 1500 Musalman Badr tak pohanch gaye, magar Quraish ka lashkar Usfan tak aakar garmi aur sukhapan ka bahaana bana kar laut gaya.

Yahudi aur Munafiqeen ka Chaal:

Is daur mein Madinah mein do aur masail samne aaye. Ek taraf Yahudi apne muqaddar aur jalti hui hasad ki wajah se Rasool ﷺ aur Musalmanon ke dushman ban gaye. Doosri taraf Munafiqeen (jo zahiri tor par Islam mein aaye magar dil se dushman thay) har moqa par Musalmanon ki himmat torne ki koshish karte.

Ye tamam waqiaat Islami tareekh ke wo marahil hain jo Mazboot Deeni Jazbaat aur Qurbani ki misaal ban gaye.

Ibn Sad: p. 563

Madina ke aham abaadi ka ek hissa Yahoodi qabeelay thay, jo teen qabail par mushtamil thay: Banu Qainqa, Banu Nazir, aur Banu Quraiza. Jab Nabi ﷺ Madina pohanchay, in Yahoodiyon ne aap ﷺ ka khair maqdam kiya aur unhe apne liye koi khatra nahi samjha. Har qabeelay ne Nabi ﷺ ke saath ek moahida kiya jo dosti ya gher-hamla moahida tha. Is moahide ke mutabiq, dono firaq ek dosray ke dushmanon ki madad nahi karenge.

Islam ka naya daur Madina mein:

Makkah mei wahi zyada tar roohani aur mazhabi masail par mabni thi, jo insan aur Allah ke darmiyan taluq ko samjhati thi. Magar Madina mei Islam ek zyada dynamic (mutaharrak) kirdar ikhtiyar kar gaya aur samaji, siyasi aur maashi masail ko bhi hal karne laga. Islam ka yeh naya roohani aur maasharti kirdar purani mazhabi rawayat se takraav ka sabab bana. Yeh takraav lazmi tha, aur sabse qareebi mazhab jo Islam ke mukhalif aaya, woh Yahudiyat tha.

Yahoodi qabail aur takraav:

• Banu Qainqa ka moahida torna: Jang-e-Badr ke baad Musalmanon ki fatah ne Yahoodiyon ko apni maqamiyat ke liye khatra mehsoos karaya. Is ke baad Banu Qainqa ne moahida tor diya aur Musalmanon ke mukhalif khule aam uth kharay huye. Nabi ﷺ ne inhein ghira aur moahide ki khilaf warzi ki saza ke tor par unhein Madina se be-dakhal kar diya. Yeh log Shaam chale gaye.

• Banu Nazir ka moahida torna: Yeh qabeeley ne Jang-e-Uhud ke baad moahida tor diya. Nabi ﷺ ne inhein bhi unke qilaon mein ghira aur unhein Madina se nikala. Kuch log Shaam chale gaye aur kuch Khaibar mein ja kar abaad ho gaye. Is doran, Abdullah bin Ubayy (Munafiqoon ka sardar) pehle in Yahoodiyon ka saathi bana aur unhein Musalmanon ke mukhalif uksaya. Magar jab deeda ke Musalman jeet rahe hain, to unhein chhorh diya.

• Banu Quraiza ka aman: Yeh qabeeley Nabi ﷺ ke saath aman se rahte rahe aur apne moahide ka ehtiram karte rahe. Magar Banu Nazir ke log jo Khaibar mei settled ho gaye thay, woh is be-dakhli ko bhool nahi paaye aur Musalmanon ke khilaf sazish karne lage.

Khaibar ke Yahoodiyon ka sazishi rawaiya:

Jang-e-Uhud ke baad, Khaibar ke Yahoodiyon ne dekha ke Musalman aur Quraish ke darmiyan ek aur jang ki taiyari ho rahi hai. Unhone sabr se intazar kiya ke yeh jang kab hogi aur Musalman kaise haarenge. Magar jab ek saal ke baad jang nahi hui, to unhone apne aap direct action lene ka faisla kiya.

Huyai bin Akhtab, Banu Nazir ka sardar, apne yahoodi saathiyon ke sath Makka gaya aur Abu Sufyan se mulaqat ki. Usne Abu Sufyan ko Islam ke phelne ka khatra samjhaaya aur kaha ke agar Musalman Yamama tak pohanch gaye to Quraish ke tijarati raste band ho jayenge.

Abu Sufyan ne poocha,
"Aey Akhtab ke bete! Tum Ahle Kitaab mei se ho. Tumhare nazdeek Muhammad ka deen behtar hai ya hamara?"
Huyai ne jawab diya:
"Main Kitab ko jaanta hoon, aur main yaqeen dilata hoon ke tumhara deen Muhammad ke deen se behtar hai. Tum sahi ho."

Yeh baat sunkar Quraish khush ho gaye aur kaha agar doosre qabail sath milain to woh bhi jang karenge.

Yahoodiyon ka aur qabail se rabta:

Banu Nazir ke yahoodiyon ne Ghatfan aur Banu Asad ke qabail se rabta kiya aur unhein bhi jang ke liye uksaya. Har qabeelay se yeh wada liya ke woh Musalmanon ke khilaf jang mei hissa lenge. Is tarah ek bara lashkar musalmanon ko khatam karne ke liye banaya gaya.

Yeh saazish Islami tareekh mei agle marahil ke liye ek bara mukabla ban gayi.

Ibn Hisham: Vol. 2, p. 214.

Jang-e-Uhud ke baad, Quraish ne yeh tasleem kar liya tha ke Shaam ke saath tijarat ka rasta ab musalmanon ke qabze ki wajah se band ho gaya hai. Is nuksan ko pura karne ke liye unhone Iraq, Bahrain, aur Yemen ke saath apni tijarat barha di, aur is tarah yeh log Shaam ke raste ke band hone ke nuksan se kuch had tak ubhar gaye. Lekin jab yahoodi waft ke sath mashwara hua, Abu Sufyan ko ye baat aur zyada shiddat se mehsoos hui ke agar Islam aur phail gaya aur Musalman Yamama tak pohanch gaiii, to Quraish ki tijarat sirf Yemen tak mehdood ho kar reh jayegi. Yeh unke liye ek aisi maashi zarbe hoti jise Quraish bardaasht nahi kar sakte the.

Iske ilawa, Safwan bin Umayyah ne Abu Sufyan ko is baat par chidhaya ke woh pichhli mohim mei jazba aur himmat nahi dikha saka. Yeh do wajahen Abu Sufyan ke jazbat ko bhadkane ke liye kaafi sabit hui aur usne Madina ke khilaf ek aur jang ka irada kar liya.

Tayari aur Qabeelay ka Lashkar:

Jang ke liye tayari shuru hui aur Quraish ne sabse bara lashkar faraham kiya, jo 4,000 mard, 300 ghoday, aur 1,500 oonton par mushtamil tha. Ghatfan qabeelay ne 2,000 mard diye jo Uyaina bin Hisn ki qiyadat mei thay, jabke Banu Sulaim ne 700 ladne wale bheje. Banu Asad ke lashkar ki taadaad maloom nahi, magar unki qiyadat Tulaiha bin Khuwailid kar raha tha. Baqi chhote qabail bhi is lashkar mei shamil huye aur yeh lashkar lagbhag 10,000 ka ban gaya. Is lashkar ka aam sardar Abu Sufyan tha. Is sang-e-mil ko "Muttahid qabail" ya "Allies" kaha gaya.

Lashkar ka Madina par hamla:

24 February 627 (1 Shawwal, 5 Hijri) ko Allies ne apne alag-alag ilaqon se chal kar Madina ke qareeb apne camps lagaye. Quraish ka lashkar usi jagah camp kiya jahan woh Jang-e-Uhud ke waqt thay, jabke Ghatfan aur doosre qabail Madina ke mashriqi aur shumali ilaake mei camp kar gaye. Lashkar Madina par barhne laga.

Jab yeh khabar Madina pohanchi ke 10,000 ka lashkar Musalmanon ko tabah karne aa raha hai, to Madina mei ek ghabrahat aur udaasi chha gayi. Musalman hamesha apne dushman ke muqable mei kam taadaad mei hotay thay—Jang-e-Badr mei yeh taaluq 1:3 aur Jang-e-Uhud mein 1:4 ka tha. Ab Madina mei 3,000 ladne ke qabil Musalman thay, magar in mei se kayyi Munafiq thay jin par bharosa nahi kiya ja sakta tha. 10,000 ka lashkar pehle kabhi Hijaz ki tareekh mei ikattha nahi hua tha.

Salmaan Farsi ka mashwara:

Isi mushkil gharhi mei Salmaan Farsi ka mashwara roshni ban kar samne aya. Unhone samjhaya ke jab Fars ka lashkar kisi baraabar ya zyada taqatwar dushman ke khilaf hifazati jang ladta tha, to woh ek khandaq (ditch) khod dete thay, jo itni gehri aur chori hoti thi ke dushman isay paar nahi kar sakta tha. Arab is tareeqe se waqif nahi thay, magar unhone is mashware ko pasand kiya aur Nabi ﷺ ne isay manzoor kar liya.

Khandaq khodna aur Musalmanon ka jazba:

Nabi ﷺ ne khandaq khodne ka hukum diya. Pehle kuch Arab is mushakkat bhari kaam se ghoom rahe thay, aur Munafiq apni rawayati maayusi aur bad-dil karne wali baatain kar rahe thay. Magar jab Nabi ﷺ khud apne haathon se khandaq khodne lage, to koi bhi Musalman peeche nahi raha. Har 10 Musalmanon ko 40 gaz ka hissa diya gaya, jo unhone mil kar khodna tha.

Is backbreaking kaam ke dauran, mashhoor shaair Hassaan bin Saabit apni shaairi se Musalmanon ka hosla barhate rahe. Hassaan shaairi mei ustad thay aur woh mukhtasir waqt mei khoobsurat ash'ar kah dete thay jo Musalmanon ke jazbat ko bhadkate thay. Magar Hassaan sirf shaairi tak mehdood thay; jang ke maamlaat mei woh itne tayyar nahi hotay thay, jo agle waqiat mein zahir hoga.

Note from writer: (Sahabi) Hassaan bin Thabit ki baat ho rahi hai, jo ek mashhoor sahabi aur Nabi ﷺ ke shaair thay. Hassaan bin Thabit ko "Shāʿir-e-Rasool " kehlaane ka sharf hasil hai.

Khandaq  ka ilaqa jo dig karwaya gaya tha, woh Shaikhan se lekar Zubab pahari tak aur phir Jabal Bani Ubaid tak phaila hua tha. Yeh tamam paharian aur ilaqay khandaq ke zariye mehfooz kiye gaii thay. Maghrib (west) ki taraf, khandaq Jabal Bani Ubaid ki maghribi (western) pahari ke daye (right) kinare se janub (south) ki taraf murta tha.

Shaikhan ke mashriq aur Jabal Bani Ubaid ke janub-maghrib mein lava ka aik bohot bara field tha. Yeh ilaqa toote-phootay aur na-mustaqil maidan par mushtamil tha, jo kaalay aur bade patharon se bharpoor tha. Yeh ilaqa kisi bade fauj ke liye guzarna namumkin banata tha aur is wajah se yeh ek fitri dewar ki tarah kaam karta tha.

Khandaq ke markazi hissay ke thoda janub mei, Sil’a ki mumtaz pahari waqiya tha. Yeh pahari 400 feet unchi thi aur iski lambai taqriban ek mile ki thi, jo shumali-janubi (north-south) simt mei phaili hui thi. Is pahari ke mukhtalif simton mei chhoti chhoti shaakhain ya ilakaat thay.

Zubab ka chhota pahari ilaaka asal mei Sil’a ki shumali-mashriqi (north-eastern) shaakh ke qareeb tha, magar iska nishan aksar naqshon mein wazeh nahi hota.

Khandaq ki takmeel ke baad, Musalmanon ne apna camp Sil’a pahari ke bilkul samne lagaya. Unki kul taaqat 3,000 faujiyon par mushtamil thi, jisme munafiq bhi shamil thay jin par ladaai mei bharosa nahi kiya jaa sakta tha. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ka mansuba yeh tha ke apni fauj ka bara hissa be-maqsad na lagaya jaye, taake dushman agar kahin se khandaq ko paar karne mei kamyab ho to us jagah turant jawab diya ja sake.

Khandaq ki poori lambai ke sath halki pahredari ke liye 200 sipahi mutayyan kiye gaiii, jo aksar pahariyon par chaukidaron ke tor par mojood thay. Ek chust fauj jo 500 sipahi par mushtamil thi, Madinah ke mukhtalif bastion mei ghoomti thi taake kisi bhi chhup kar aane wale dushman ka muqabla kar sake aur un ilaqon ki hifazat kare jo khandaq ke zair-e-hifazat nahi thay. Madinah us waqt ek sheher nahi tha, balke mukhtalif bastion aur qilaon par mushtamil tha, jiska markazi aur roohani markaz Masjid-e-Nabawi tha. Auratein aur bachay un bastion aur gharon mei rakhe gaiii jo front line se door thay, jo ke shumali aur shumali-maghrib ke samney tha.

Quraish ke faujiyon ne jab khandaq dekha, to pehle woh hairan hue aur phir gusse mei aa gaiii. Unka yeh khayal tha ke woh itni taaqat ke sath aae hain ke jeet yaqeenan unhi ki hogi. Abu Sufyan is ranneeti ko dekh kar hairat mei tha aur keh utha, “Allah ki qasam! Yeh to Arabon ka tareeqa nahi hai!” Dushman ne apna camp khandaq ke shumali aur shumali-maghribi hissay ke paas lagaya aur yeh 23 din tak muhasra karta raha.

Din mei Quraish khandaq ke kareeb aa kar tirandazi karte, jo zyada waqt tak chalte rehta, aur raat ko apne camps mei wapas chale jaate. Patroling party din aur kabhi kabhi raat ke waqt khandaq ke alag alag hisson par jagah talash karte ke woh kahan se guzarsakte hain. Akhirkar, unhone ek jagah dhoond li, lekin iska zikar baad mei aayega.

10 din tak dono faujein barabar rahin, lekin dono taraf se koi faisla nahi hua. Musalman bhookh se pareshaan hone lage, aur Madinah mei khaane ke badi stocks nahi thay. Musalman aadhe raashan par guzara kar rahe thay. Munafiqeen ki tanqeed zyada shiddat ikhtiyar kar gayi. Jab khandaq banaya ja raha tha, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne Musalmanon se wada kiya tha ke woh Rome aur Persia ki taaqat ko shikast denge aur unke khazaane kabza mei le lenge. Ab munafiq kahne lage, “Muhammad humein Qaisar aur Kisra ke khazano ka wada karte hain, magar humein is mushkil se nahi nikal sakte!”

Lekin, haqiqi momin is mushkil ke bawajood apne imaan aur Nabi Kareem ﷺ par bharosa rakhte rahe. Quraish aur uske hami bhi buray haal mei thay. Abu Sufyan ne khana jama karne ki proper tayyari nahi ki thi, jo unke faujiyon ke liye ek nayi museebat ban gayi. Isi surat-e-haal mei, Huyaiy bin Akhtab (Bani Nuzair ka yahoodi) aur Abu Sufyan ne milkar ek naye plan par kaam kiya, jo unke nazdeek kaamiyab ho sakta tha.

Raat ke waqt Huyaiy, Bani Quraizah ki basti mei daakhil hua aur unke sardaar Kaab bin Asad ko manane ki koshish ki. Shuru mei Kaab ne mana kar diya, lekin akhirkar woh razi ho gaya. Unhone ek muahida kiya ke woh Madinah ke janub-mashriqi (south-east) hissay se hamla karenge, jabke Quraish aur uske hami samne se hamla karenge. Agar yeh naya plan naakaam raha, to Quraish unke qile ke hifazat ke liye apne sipahi chhorh denge.

Yeh khabar Nabi Kareem ﷺ tak ek raaz-daar ke zariye pohnchi, aur phir is baat ki tasdeeq Safiyyah bint Abdul Muttalib ke ek waqia se hui. Safiyyah ne ek yahoodi ko chhup kar qile ke aas-paas dhoondte dekha aur khud uska qatal kiya jab Hassaan bin Thabit, jo wahan mojood thay, ladne se inkar kar gaii.

Yeh waqia sabit kar gaya ke Bani Quraizah ne apna ahad tod diya hai. Musalman is mushkil surat-e-haal ke bawajood hosla rakhte rahe, magar unki mushkilat din ba din barh rahi thi.

Waqidi: Maghazi p. 292.

Ibn Hisham: Vol. 2, p. 228. 

Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne ab fauj ke zariye faisla karne ke bajaye hikmat aur siyasat ka sahara lene ka faisla kiya. Aap ﷺ ne Ghatfan ke fauj ke sardar, Uyaina bin Hisn, se guftagu shuru ki. Uyaina ek bahadur magar seedha aadmi tha, jise Nabi ﷺ ne ek martaba "willing fool" (jaanbaz magar seedha aadmi) ka laqab diya tha. Maqsad yeh tha ke Quraish aur Ghatfan ke darmiyan darar daali jaye aur Ghatfan ko yeh muhasra chhorh kar wapas bhejne ki koshish ki jaye. Agar yeh ho jata, to Quraish ki fauj zyada kamzoor ho jati aur is halat mei Musalman unka muqabla kar sakte thay.

Nabi Kareem ﷺ ka paigham tha:
"Agar Ghatfan is jangi ittehad se alag ho jayein aur apne ghar laut jayein, to unhe Madinah ke khajooron ki ek-tihai paidaawar de di jayegi."

Uyaina, jo ladayi mei fatah ki umeed chhorh chuka tha, ne is tajwez ko qabool kar liya. Ek muahida tayar kiya gaya, magar isse dastaweez ki surat mei dastkhat aur mohr lagakar mukammal karne se pehle, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne kuch Musalman sardaroon se mashwara kiya. Musalman sardar is faisle ke mukhalif ho gaye aur unhone kaha:
"Khajoor? Yeh kafir humse sirf talwaar ke zariye kuch lein!"

Yeh mukhalfat itni shiddat ikhtiyar kar gayi ke Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne Musalmanon ki raye ko tasleem karte hue in mozakraat ko khatam kar diya.

Naeem bin Masood ka Kirdar

Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne masla siyasat ke zariye hal karne ki koshish jaari rakhi. Isi dauraan, Ghatfan ke ek aadmi Naeem bin Masood, jo pehle hi Musalman ho chuka tha magar apne Islam ko chhupaye rakha tha, Madinah mei Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke paas aaya. Naeem ek mashhoor shakhsiyat tha aur Quraish, Ghatfan aur Bani Quraizah ke yahood, teeno ke beech uska accha taluq tha. Naeem ne kaha:
"Main Musalman ho chuka hoon aur aap ke liye kaam karna chahta hoon. Mujhe jo hukm de, main woh karunga."

Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne Naeem se baat ki aur ek hikmat-e-amali banai. Naeem ne raat ke waqt chhup kar apne kaam ka aaghaz kiya.

Bani Quraizah ke paas

Pehle Naeem Bani Quraizah ke leader Kaab bin Asad ke paas gaya aur usse kaha:
"Quraish aur Ghatfan ka tumhare saath koi jazbaati taluq nahi hai. Unka maal aur ghar Madinah se door hain. Agar woh Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ ke khilaf haar gaii, to woh wapas chale jayenge aur tum yahan Musalmanon ke ghusse ka samna karoge. Tum us waqt tak koi qadam mat uthao jab tak Quraish apne behtareen gharano ke afraad ko tumhare paas zamaanat ke tor par rakhne ke liye razi na ho jayein."

Quraish ke paas

Phir Naeem ne Quraish ke leader Abu Sufyan se mulaqat ki aur kaha:
"Yahood bewafa aur dhokebaaz hain. Mujhe Madinah se ye pata chala hai ke Bani Quraizah ne tumhara saath chhorh kar Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ ke saath nayi deal kar li hai. Woh tumse zamaanat ke liye apne behtareen gharano ke afraad maangenge aur unhe Hazrat  Muhammad ﷺ ke hawale kar denge jo unhe qatal karenge. Tum unhein kisi haal mei zamaanat na do!"

Ghatfan ke paas

Isi tarah, Naeem ne Ghatfan ke paas ja kar wahi tasveer pesh ki aur unke dil mein shak paida kar diya.

Fasaad ke Beej

Naeem ke plan ne teeno ittehadi groups ke darmiyan shak aur be-yaqeeni paida kar di. Abu Sufyan, jo yahood par andha bharosa karta tha, ab pareshaan ho gaya. Usne faisla kiya ke yahood ka imtehan liya jaye. Raat ke waqt, Juma, 14 March ko, Abu Sufyan ne Ikrimah ke sath ek delegation ko Bani Quraizah ke paas bheja aur kaha:
"Yeh surat-e-haal aur bardasht nahi ho sakti. Kal subah hamla karte hain. Tumhe apne muahide ke mutabiq hamare sath hamla karna hoga."

Ibn Qutaiba: p. 303.

Ibn Hisham: Vol. 2, p. 223.

Jews ne ikhtilaf karte hue apne shartein saamne rakheen. Unhone kaha:
"Hamara maamla tumhare muqable mei zyada nazuk hai. Agar tumne haar kar humein chhorh diya, to (Hazrat) Muhammad ﷺ ka ghussa sirf humein bhugatna padega. Isliye, yeh zaroori hai ke tum apne behtareen gharano ke afraad ko humein zamaanat ke tor par do, jo hamare paas tab tak rahenge jab tak jang khatam na ho jaye aur faisla hamare haq mein na ho."

Phir unhone ek aur baat ki:
"Waise bhi kal hafta (Saturday) hai aur Yahoodiyon ke liye Sabbath ke din ladna mana hai. Jo is din jang karega, Allah usse suwar aur bandar bana dega."

Ikrimah, Quraish ka numainda, wapas khali haath laut aaya. Abu Sufyan ne phir ek koshish ki aur Kab bin Asad ke paas dusra delegation bheja, lekin yahood aur Quraish apni apni baat par adhey rahe:

• Quraish ka jawab: Hum zamaanat ke liye kisi ko nahi denge; tum kal jang karo!

• Yahood ka jawab: Hum Sabbath ke din nahi ladenge; aur zamaanat pehle do!

Is surat-e-haal ne teeno groups ke darmiyan shak aur be-yaqeeni ko aur barha diya. Ab sabhi kehne lage: "Naeem bilkul sahi tha. Uski baatein kitni aqalmandi wali theen!"

Naeem bin Masood apna kaam khoob achi tarah kar chuka tha. Bani Quraizah ko is ittehad se alag kar diya gaya.

Jang Ka Agla Marhala

Agle din, Saturday 15 March, Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed aur Ikrimah, jo is intezar se tang aa chuke the, ne apne cavaliers (ghur sawaron) ke sath ek faisla karnay ka irada kiya. Woh Zubab ke pas ke ek maqam par aaye, jahan khandak (ditch) zyada chori nahi thi aur ghur sawar ya log isey asani se paar kar sakte the. Yeh maqam Musalmanon ke camp ke samne tha, jo Sil'a pahadi ke qareeb tha.

Pehla hamla Ikrimah ke ghur sawaron ne kiya. Unmei se ek chhoti team khandak ko paar kar gayi aur Musalmanon ke camp mei ghur sawaron ne apni jagah le li. In mei ek aadmi kaafi bada tha, jo apne bade ghory ke sath aage aaya aur Musalmanon ki safain dekhne laga. Musalman is achanak haalaat par hairan ho gaii.

Yeh shakhs tha Amr bin Abdu Wud, jo apni jangju salahiyaton aur shujaat ke liye mashhoor tha. Uska qad aur badan kaafi bara tha. Jab woh apne ghory par baitha hota, to bilkul ajeeb lagta. Uska shujaana roop uske doston ke liye shaan aur dushmanon ke liye khauf ka bais tha.

Amr bin Abdu Wud ne zor se pukar kar kaha:
"Main Amr bin Abdu Wud hoon! Main Arabia ka sabse bara fauj ka shohrat yafta sipahi hoon. Main nakabla hoon! Main... Main..."

Uske lafz uske khud ke baray guman ka izhar kar rahe thay. Phir usne Musalmanon ko lalkar kar kaha:
"Kya tumhara koi aisa hai jo mujhe muqabla karne ke liye aaye?"

Khamoshi aur Dar

Musalman is lalkar ko sunkar khamosh ho gaiii. Woh ek dosre ko dekhne lage. Phir Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki taraf dekha, magar koi aage nahi bara. Amr ki shohrat ek aise jangju ki thi jo kabhi koi jang nahi haara tha. Kehte thay ke woh 500 sipahiyon ke barabar tha; ke woh ek ghur ko uthakar zameen par phenk sakta tha; aur ke woh ek bachhde ko uthakar dhal ke tor par istemal kar leta tha. In afsano ne uska dar Musalmanon ke dilon mei aur barha diya.

Musalman ab bhi khamosh the, jab ke Amr un par hansne laga. Uski hansee mei Quraish ke faujiyon ki awazein bhi shamil ho gayi, jo khandak ke paas khaire the aur yeh sab dekh aur sun rahe the.

Ibn Hisham: Vol. 2

"To kya tum mei ek bhi mard hai jo mardangi dikhaye? Aur tumhare Islam ka kya? Aur tumhare Nabi ka?"

Amr bin Abdu Wud ke is gustakhana ilzaam par Hazrat Ali (RA) apni saf se uth kar Nabi-e-Kareem (SAW) ke paas aaye aur ijazat maangi ke woh is ghamand aur gustakh ko ek baar hamesha ke liye chup kar dein. Nabi (SAW) ne farmaya, "Baith jao, yeh Amr hai!" Hazrat Ali wapas apni jagah laut gaye.

Amr ke taano aur hansne ki awaaz aur barh gayi. Usne aur zaleel karte hue lalkara. Phir Hazrat Ali wapas aaye aur phir Nabi (SAW) ne ijazat na di. Jab teesri baar Amr ke taane aur izafi gustakhi sun kar Hazrat Ali uthe, to Nabi (SAW) ne unke chehre par woh azm dekh liya jo woh achi tarah pehchante the. Aap (SAW) ne Ali se apni mohabbat ka izhar kiya, apna amama (pagri) utar kar unke sar par bandha, aur apni talwar unke kamar ke gird latka di. Phir dua ki, "Aey Allah! Ali ki madad farma!"

Yehi talwar, jo ab Hazrat Ali ke haath mei thi, kisi waqt ek kafir Munabba bin Hajaj ki thi, jo jang-e-Badr mei halaak hua tha aur uska maal-e-ganimat ke tor par Musalmanon ke paas aaya tha. Nabi (SAW) ne ye talwar apne liye rakhi thi. Ab ye talwar Zulfiqar ke naam se mashhoor hone wali thi, jo Islam ke tareekh mei sabse mashhoor talwar ban gayi.

Amr ka Muqabla

Hazrat Ali (RA) ek chhoti si Musalmanon ki team ke sath aage barhe aur Amr bin Abdu Wud ke samne ja pohnche. Team peeche ruk gayi aur Ali aage barhkar dueli ki faaslay tak ja pohnche. Amr ne Ali ko pehchana; woh Ali ke walid Abu Talib ka dost tha. Usne Ali par shafiq muskaraahat ki jaise ek aadmi ek bache ko dekh kar muskurata hai.

Hazrat Ali ne buland awaz mei kaha:
"Aey Amr! Kaha jata hai ke agar tumhe Quraish ka koi aadmi do tajweez dein, to tum unmein se ek ko zaroor qabool karte ho."
Amr ne jawab diya, "Ye baat theek hai."

Hazrat Ali ne kaha, "To phir meri do tajweez suno. Pehli ye hai ke Allah aur uske Rasool (SAW) ko maan lo aur Islam qabool kar lo."
Amr ne kaha, "Mujhe inki koi zarurat nahi."
Hazrat Ali ne phir kaha, "To phir apne ghorey se utro aur mujhse muqabla karo."
Amr bola, "Aey mere bhateeje ke bete! Main tumhe maarna nahi chahta."
Hazrat Ali ne jawab diya, "Lekin mujhe tumhe maarne ka bohot shauq hai!"

Ladaai ka Aaghaz

Amr ka chehra ghusse se laal ho gaya. Woh apne bade ghur se chhalangkr utar gaya, apne ghur ki tang kaat di (taake woh na bhage) aur apni talwar nikal kar Hazrat Ali ki taraf barh aya. Amr ne kayi waar kiye, magar Hazrat Ali har waar se mehfooz rahe. Kabhi talwar se waar roka, kabhi dhal ka istemal kiya, aur kabhi ek taraf hat kar Amr ki talwar ko bekaar kar diya.

Amr haar kar ek taraf hata, saans phool rahi thi aur woh hairan tha ke kaise ek ladka itni dair tak uske muqable mei tik gaya!

Phir chand lamhon mei aisa hua jo koi samajh nahi saka. Na Musalman, na Quraish, aur na khud Amr!
Hazrat Ali ne apni talwar aur dhal zameen par gira di, aur unka jism ek teer ki tarah fiza mein uchla. Unke haath Amr ke galle ko daboch chuke the, aur ek pehlwani ke war ke sath Amr ko gira diya. Amr zameen par lehraya aur Hazrat Ali uske seenay par sawar the.

Donon faujon ke log gasps aur afsos ki awaaz nikalte rahe, magar ab hawa ekdum tham gayi thi.

Ibn Sad: p. 572

Ibn Hisham: Vol. 2, p. 225.

Amr bin Abdu Wud ka chehra ghusse se laal ho gaya. Aakhir kaar usay haraya gaya, aur wo bhi is jawan se jo uski aadhi size ka tha! Lekin wo ab bhi haar ke nahi gaya tha. Uske andar ab bhi yeh jazba tha ke wo jang jeet kar apni maqbooliyat aur apni dosti ko phir se sabit kar sakega. Wo is jawan ko hawa mein uda dega jaise patta hawa mein udta hai.

Amr bin Abdu Wud ka chehra jam gaya, uske gala aur haath ki veins nikal aayi aur usne apni poori taqat laga di taake Hazrat Ali ke qaboo se chutkaara paa sake. Lekin wo aik bhi inch hilane mei kaamyaab nahi ho saka. Hazrat Ali ke muscles mei loha tha.

"Jaano, Amr," Hazrat Ali ne halki awaaz mei kaha, "ke jeet aur haar Allah ki marzi par mabni hoti hai. Islam ko qabool karo! Toh na sirf tumhari zindagi bach jayegi, balke tumhein dunya aur aakhiraat mei Allah ki barakat milegi." Hazrat Ali ne apne kamar se aik tez chhuri nikaali aur usay Amr ke gardan ke qareeb rakh diya.

Lekin yeh baat Amr se bardasht nahi hui. Kya Arabia ka sab se bara mujahid apni zindagi baaqi rakhega bas is liye ke usay harne ke baad zindagi jeeni hai? Nahi! Wo Amr bin Abdu Wud tha, jo talwar ke saath jeeta tha aur talwar ke saath hi marna chahta tha. Usne apne moo mei thook ikatha ki aur Hazrat Ali ke chehre par thook diya!

Usay yeh pata tha ke ab kya hone wala hai. Usay yeh umeed thi ke Ali ka daahina haath ur gaya aur uski gardan mei chhuri ghusa di jayegi. Amr aik bahadur shakhs tha, aur wo maut se kabhi nahi dara tha. Usne apna jism tan kar diya aur apni gardan upar kar ke Hazrat  Ali ki taraf de diya, lekin jo kuch ab hua, usne usay bhi hairan kar diya. Hazrat  Ali ne aman se uth kar Amr ke chhati par se uth gaiii, apna chehra pochha aur kuch door kharay ho gaiii, apne dushman ko gahri nazar se dekhte hue.

"Jaano, Amr, mein sirf Allah ki raah mei maar dalta hoon, na ke apne liye koi personal wajah se. Tumne mere chehre par thooka hai, aur is liye mera tumhein maarna ab mujh se personal badla lagta hai. Is liye, mein tumhari zindagi bakhsh deta hoon. Uth jao aur apne qoum ke paas laut jao!"

Amr uth gaya, lekin usay yeh bhi maloom tha ke wo apni qoum ke paas apni haar ke saath nahi laut sakta tha. Wo jeet kar lautna chahta tha, ya phir bilkul bhi nahi. Is liye, wo apni talwar uthakar Hazrat Ali ke upar phir se daud gaya, shaayad wo Hazrat Ali ko be-waqt dekh kar maar sakta tha.

Hazrat Ali ke paas bas thoda waqt tha apni talwar aur shield uthakar naye hamlay ke liye tayaar hone ka. Amr ka jo naya hamla tha, wo uss jang ka sab se shadid hamla tha. Uski talwar Hazrat Ali ki shield ko torh gayi, lekin is tarah wo apne apne junoon se apni taqat kho baitha tha aur Hazrat Ali ko bas ek halka sa zakhm laga, jo usay kuch nahi tha.

Amr ko isse zyada waqt nahi mila. Us se pehle ke wo apni talwar ko dobara uthata, Zulfiqar ne roshni mei chamakte hue Amr ki gardan ko chhidiya. Amr ka khoon fountain ki tarah behne laga.

Thodi dair ke liye Amr ruk gaya, phir uska jism hilne laga jaise wo nasha kar raha ho. Aur phir wo apne moo par gir gaya aur chup ho gaya.

Zameen ne uske bohot bade jism ke girne ka ehsas nahi kiya. Zameen bohot badi hai. Lekin Sil'a ka pahaad wo Allah-o-Akbar ki aawaz se kaanp raha tha, jo 2,000 Musalmanon ki ghazab ki awaaz thi. Wo jeet ki awaaz puri vadi mei goonj gayi, phir dheere dheere wo sunayi dena band ho gayi.

Muslimon ka jo group tha, wo phir se baaqi 6 Quraish ke logon par barh gaya. Jo talwarbazi hui, usmei aik aur Quraishi maar gaya aur aik Musalman shaheed ho gaya. Thodi dair mei Quraish ka group waapas phir se ditch ke paar ho gaya. Ikrimah apna spear girane laga jab wo ditch ke paar chhalang laga raha tha, jis par Hassan, sha'ar ne kai ajeeb sha'ar likhe. Nofal bin Abdullah, Hazrat Khalid ka cousin, ditch ko paar karne mei kaamyaab nahi ho saka aur usmei gir gaya. Is se pehle ke wo uthta, Musalman uske paas pohnch gaiii aur uspar pathar phenka. Nofal shor machata tha, "O Arabs! Kya maut is se behtar nahi?"

Us waqt Hazrat Ali ne is aadmi ki madad ki aur ditch mei utar kar uska sir kaat diya.

Musalmanon ka group ab apne camp wapas aaya, aur crossing par aik mazboot guard laga diya gaya. Agle din dopahar ko, Hazrat Khalid apni cavalry ke sath aaya, yeh soch kar ke wo us jagah se guzrega jahan Ikrimah ne pehle nakami ka samna kiya tha. Unho ny ditch ko cross karne ki koshish ki, lekin is dafa Musalmanon ka guard uski taraf dekh raha tha aur waqt par apna position le liya, jiski wajah se wo ditch ko cross nahi kar sakay. Baray shiddat se archery hui, jisme aik Musalman aur aik Quraishi shaheed ho gaiii, lekin Hazrat Khalid ko cross karne ka moka nahi mila.

Jab unho ney dekha ke samne wali taqat ab zyada mazboot hai, to Hazrat Khalid ne apni soch badal kar ek chaal chalni shuru ki. Unho ney apni cavalry ko waapas le liya jaise ke wo ditch ko cross karne ka iraada chor rahay ho, aur kuch door chalay gaiii. Musalman is chaal mei aa gaiii, aur samajh liya ke Hazrat Khalid ne apna iraada chhorh diya hai, to wo apne aap ko relaxed feel karte hue night ka intezaar karne lagay. Phir achanak Hazrat Khalid apni cavalry ke sath wapas dauda aur Musalman guard ko waqti taur par phir se position lene ka waqt nahi diya, aur kuch Quraishi, Hazrat Khalid ke sath, ditch ko cross kar gaii. Lekin wo zyada door nahi jaa sake the ke Musalman phir se apni taqat laga kar unko rok liyee aur Hazrat Khalid ko us chhote se bridgehead mei phansaa liya jo unhoney apna liya tha. Hazrat Khalid ne is dafa bhi har tareeqe se uss bridgehead ko todna chaaha lekin Musalmanon ka muqabla bohot mazboot tha aur wo ismei kamyab nahi ho sakay. Kuch haath paon se jang bhi hui jisme Hazrat Khalid ne aik Musalman ko maar dala. Us waqt "The Savage" bhi wahan tha, aur ussi javelin se jisay usne Uhud mei Hazrat Hamza ke khilaf istemal kiya tha, usne ek Musalman ko maar dala. Lekin jaldi hi Hazrat Khalid ne dekha ke yeh situation bekaar ho gayi hai, to wo contact tod kar waapas apne camp ke taraf chalay gaii. Yeh thi Battle of the Ditch ki aakhri barhi military action.

Agle do din kuch khaas nahi hua, bas archery ka chhota mota silsila chalta raha, jisme dono taraf se kisi ka kuch khas nuqsan nahi hua. Musalman ab khana khatam ho gaya tha, lekin unki himmat or aazmish se wo apni jaan dene ko tayar thay, magar kabhi bhi infidels ke saamne apni haar nahi maanenge. Dussri taraf, Allied camp mei hosla tut gaya tha aur jo mushkilat thi wo unko jhelna mushkil ho gaya tha. Har shakhs ko maloom tha ke jo mission unhone shuru kiya tha, jo unhe expect kiya gaya tha ke yeh aik shaandaar jeet ho gi, ab wo bas nafrat aur thakan mein badal gaya tha. Har jagah se shikayatein aa rahi thi, aur sabse bura yeh tha ke koi bhi raasta nahi dikh raha tha ke kis tarah is bechaini se nikal sakein.

Phir, Mangal raat ko, March 18 ko, Madinah ke ilaqe mei aik toofan aaya. Thandhi hawaen Allied camp par gussa ho kar baras rahi thi aur puri waadi mei chillane lagay. Temperatue kaafi gir gaya. Allied camp, jo Musalmanon ke camp se zyada exposed tha, is toofan se bohot zyada nuqsan utha. Toofan ne unki aanch ko bujha diya, unke bartan giraye aur tents uda diye. Allies apne kambal or chaddar mei lapet kar baithay the jabke toofan unko apne saath le gaya tha, aur wo sirf is intizaar mei thay ke yeh kab khatam hoga.

Abu Sufyan ne zyada intezaar nahi kiya. Wo apne paon par uth gaya aur toofan ki awaz mei apne logon se kaha: "Yeh humare liye koi tehqiqat ka makan nahi hai. Humare log aur janwar sab bohot mushkil mei hain is thand mei. Bani Quraizah humare waqt-e-mushkil mei hamare saath dhoka kar rahey hain. Yeh toofan humare camp mei jaane kya kar gaya hai, humare aanch bujha di hai, tents uda diye hain. Chalo, hum Makkah waapas chalein. Main sab se pehle nikalta hoon!"

Yeh kahein ke baad Abu Sufyan apni camel par chadha aur apni qoumi army ke saath waapas chal para, toofan se door jane ki umeed ke saath. Lekin toofan ka gussa unka peecha poori raat karta raha. Ghatfan ko ab maloom hua ke Quraish ki army ne apna rukh badal diya hai, aur doosray qabeelay bhi unke baare mei jaan chuke thay. Bina kisi dair ke, wo sab bhi apni camels par chadh kar apni bastiyon ki taraf waapas nikal parhay. Quraish ki army ke peeche Khalid aur Amr bin Al-Aas apni cavalry ko pichhe dekh kar guard banaye hue the, taake agar Musalman Madinah se nikal kar Quraish ke raaste mein rukawat daalna chahein to unka muqabla kar sakein. Yeh thi aik kaali aur be-hosla Abu Sufyan ki halat jab wo apni army ko Makkah ki taraf le ja raha tha.

Agli subah, Musalmanon ne dekha ke Allies waapas chale gaiii hain, aur wo apne ghar wapas laut gaiii. Yeh Quraish ka akhri koshish thi Musalmanon ko mita dene ki, iske baad wo hamesha defensive ho gaiii.

Battle of the Ditch khatam ho gayi thi. Dono taraf se chaar chaar log shaheed huay thay. Musalmanon ke liye yeh jeet thi, kyun ke unhone apna maqsad hasil kar liya tha ke apni zindagi aur apne ghar ko dushman se bachana, jab ke Allies apni koshish mei nakam rahe. Aksar yeh siege 23 din tak chali aur dono taraf se bohot mushkilat ka samna karna parha. Yeh toofan se khatam hui thi, lekin yeh toofan siege ke khatam hone ka sabab nahi bana, yeh bas ek aakhri dhamaka tha. Agar hum is jang ko dekhain, to yeh ek siege aur muqablay ka zyada tehqiqati action tha, kyon ke dono faujain kabhi bhi aapas mei directly takraayi nahi thi. Yeh Musalmanon ki taareekh ka pehla aisa waqia tha jahan jang mei siyasat aur diplomacy ka istemal hua tha, aur yeh batata hai ke kis tarah siyasat aur taqat ka milan ek maqasid ko hasil karne mei madad karta hai. Taqat ka istemal jang ka aik hissa hai - ek tashaddud aur tabahi ka hissa - jo sirf tab istemal kiya jata hai jab siyasat apne maqasid hasil karne mei nakam hoti hai. Jab jang ki shiddat ho, to siyasat aur diplomacy ko apne raaste ki buniyad rakhna zaroori hota hai, taake dushman ko kamzor kiya ja sake aur uski taqat ko kam karte hue apni jeet ka poora moka mil sake.

Aur yeh tha wo kaam jo Nabi (PBUH) ne kiya. Unhone diplomacy ka istemal karke dushman ko taqseem kiya aur usse kamzor kiya, sirf taqat ki kami nahi, balkay uske jazbaat aur hosla bhi tut gaya. Zyada tar Musalman is baat ko nahi samajh paaye, lekin wo apne leader se seekh rahe thay. Nabi (PBUH) ke lafz "Jang ek chaal hai" baad mei Musalmanon ki kayi jangon mei yaad kiye gaii aur bar bar istamal kiye gaiii.

Ibn Hisham: Vol. 2, p. 229; Waqidi: Maghazi, p. 295.                                                                                                       

"Waqar is ka, hum ne tumhe ek waziḥ jeet di. Taake Allah tumhare pehle ke gunah aur baad ke gunah maaf kare, apni ne’mat tum par poori kare, aur tumhein seedha raasta dikhaye. Aur taake Allah tumhein mazboot madad de. Wahi hai jisne imaan walon ke dilon mei sukoon daala, taake wo apne imaan ko imaan par aur zyada barhaye; asliyat yeh hai ke Allah ke paas asman aur zameen ki taqatain hain, aur Allah ilm aur hikmat se bhara hua hai."
(Quran 48:1-4)

Hudaybiya ka salaam 628 ke awwalein (6 Hijri) mei April ke mahine ke aas paas sign kiya gaya. Ye salaam Prophet ﷺ ki taraf se qasidah na tha, jab unhone March ke dauran Makkah ka safar kiya tha. Unka irada umrah, jo ek off-season pilgrimage tha, adaa karna tha, aur unke saath 1,400 fully armed Musalman aur kayyi janwaron ki qurbani bhi thi.

Quraish ko dar tha ke Musalman jang ke liye nahi, balkay apni madad ke liye Makkah aa rahey hain, aur ab wo Muslims ke liye kisi had tak dabav mei aaye the. Is liye, Quraish ne apne logon ko Makkah se nikal kar aas paas ek camp mei jama kiya, jahan se Hazrat Khalid ko 300 ghorhe waalon ke saath Madinah ki taraf jaane wale Musalmanon ko rokne ke liye bheja gaya. Hazrat Khalid ko laga ke wo apne 300 ghode waalon ke sath itne bade fauj ko rok nahi sakte, lekin unhone har haal mei Musalmanon ki rukaawat karne ka faisla kiya.

Hazrat Khalid ne Kura’ul-Ghameem, jo Usfan se 15 mile dur tha, mei apni taadaat daari kar li. Jab Musalman Usfan pohanchay, to unki tasfeeh ke liye 20 ghorhe waale mushtamil ek chhoti si team aage bheje gayi thi, jo Hazrat Khalid ke saath Kura’ul-Ghameem mei mil gayi, aur unhone Prophet ﷺ ko Hazrat Khalid ki taadaat aur qudrat ka pata diya.

Prophet ﷺ ne faisla kiya ke wo is jagah par jang mei waqt zaya nahi karenge. Unka irada pilgrimage tha na ke jang, is liye unhone apne agay ke taam ko Hazrat Khalid ki tawajjo ke liye rakha. Jab Hazrat Khalid unka dhyaan apne aage ke detachment par thay, Prophet ﷺ ne apne fauj ko right se mushkil aur un-used raaston se guzarte hue, Saniyat-ul-Marar ke paas se masroof kiya. Yeh safar kafi mushkil tha, magar wo kamiyabi se tay ho gaya aur Hazrat Khalid ki position ko ohla gaya. Jab outflanking hone ke baad Hazrat Khalid ne dhundha to dust dekh kar samajh gaii ke wo peechay reh gaii hai, aur jaldi se Makkah ki taraf wapis ho gaii. Musalman Hudaibiya pohanchay, jo Makkah se 13 mile door tha, aur camp laga liya.

Hudaibiya mei jang ka khauf tha kuch waqt tak, lekin Prophet ﷺ ke irade ke bawajood, Quraish ne samajh liya ke Musalman sach mei pilgrimage karne aaye hain, jang karne nahi. Kuch dino tak, do taraf ke qasidah waale faujiyon ke darmiyan safar hota raha, aur aakhir kaar ek salaam par aamad ho gayi jo Hudaibiya ke salaam ke naam se jaana gaya. Yeh salaam Prophet ﷺ ne Musalmanon ki taraf se, aur Quraish ke taraf se Suhail bin Amr ne sign kiya.

Salaam ke sharaait: a) Das saal tak Musalmanon aur Quraish ke darmiyan koi jang, koi chhalang, ya koi military action nahi hoga. b) Agle saal, Musalmanon ko pilgrimage ka daawa diya jayega. Wo Makkah mein 3 din rakhne ki ijaazat rakhenge. c) Agar koi Quraish ka insaan Musalmanon ke paas aake unke saath join kare, to wo wapas kiya jayega; lekin agar koi Musalman Quraish ke paas chala jaye, to wo wapas nahi hoga.

Baaz log is sharaait par khafa hue, khaas kar Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), jo is sharaait ko buray tareeqay se dekh rahe the, magar Prophet ﷺ ne unki har tawaqqo ko inkaar kiya. Yeh salaam Musalmanon ke liye kafi faida mand sabit hui thi, chaand cheezain jo zindagi bhar unko faida pohanchaygi.

Is salaam ka ek faida yeh tha ke agar kuch Musalman Makkah mei rehte hain, to wo apne dushmanon ke darmiyan rahkar wo unko asar daal sakte hain, aur Makkah ke andar rahi hui apni information se Musalmanon ke liye madadgar sabit ho sakte hain.

Jab salaam ka paigham poora ho gaya to, Khuza'a aur Bani Bakr qabilaon ne, jo pichlay zamany mein ek dosray ke dushman the, salaam mei shamil hue.

Phir Musalmanon ne Hudaibiya mein do haftay se zyada waqt guzarne ke baad Madinah wapis ka safar shuru kiya, aur doosre saal, 629 mei, Prophet ﷺ ki qiyadat mei Musalmanon ne Makkah mei pilgrimage ki, aur Quraish apni sheher se baahar chale gaii aur teen din ke baad wapis aaye jab Musalman Madinah ki taraf safar kar chuke thy.

Hazrat Khalid ke zehen mei ek tabdili aa rahi thi. Pehle wo sirf jang ke maqsad mei soch rahe the. Magar, jaise wo har jang mein shikast kha rahe the, unko samajh aane laga ke Islam haqeeqat mei sahi mazhab hai. Yeh sochne ki cheez unke zehen mei, Prophet ﷺ ke safar ke do mahine baad, unko aya.

Hazrat Khalid ne Islam ke haq mei apna faisla kar liya tha. Ek din unhoney Ikrimah aur kuch auron se kaha, "Yeh baat aqalmand dimaag se samajh aati hai ke Hazrat Muhammad na to koi shaayar hai, na koi jadu karne wala, jaisa ke Quraish kehte hain. Unka paigham asal mei Khuda ka hai. Har samajhdar insaan par yeh farz hai ke wo uska peecha kare."

Ikrimah Hazrat Khalid ki baat sun kar hairan ho gaya. "Kya tum apna mazhab chhorh rahe ho?" usne hairani ke saath kaha.

"Main sachay Allah par imaan la chuka hoon," Hazrat Khalid ne jawab diya.

"Yeh ajeeb hai ke tum Quraish mei se sab se pehle yeh keh rahe ho," Ikrimah ne kaha.

"Kyu?" Hazrat Khalid ne poocha.

"Is liye ke Musalmanon ne humare kayi azeez logon ko jang mei maar dala. Main to yeh sochta hoon ke main Hazrat Muhammad ko kabhi nahi apnaunga, aur tum se bhi kabhi baat nahi karunga jab tak tum yeh bekaar ka khayal nahi chhorh dete," Ikrimah ne kaha.

"Kya yeh jahiliyat ki baat hai," Hazrat Khalid ne jawab diya.

Jab Abu Sufyan ko Ikrimah se Hazrat Khalid ke faislay ka pata chala, to usne dono ko bula kar poocha, "Kya yeh sach hai jo main sun raha hoon?"

"Aur tum kya sun rahe ho?" Hazrat Khalid ne jawab diya.

"Yeh ke tum (Hazrat) Muhammad se milne ka irada rakhte ho?"

"Haan, aur kyun nahi? Aakhir kaar, (Hazrat) Muhammad hum mei se hai. Wo hamara qareebi rishtedaar hai."

Abu Sufyan ne gussa ho kar (Hazrat) Khalid ko dhamki di, lekin Ikrimah ne usse roka. "Thoda sabr rakho, Abu Sufyan!" Ikrimah ne kaha. "Tumhara gussa mujhe bhi (Hazrat) Muhammad ke saath milne ke liye majboor kar sakta hai. (Hazrat) Khalid apna mazhab ikhtiyar karne mei azad hai."

Ikrimah, jo ke (Hazrat) Khalid ka bhatija aur doston mei se tha, ne apni mazhabi ikhtilaf ke bawajood (Hazrat) Khalid ke liye apni madad dikhayi.

Us raat, (Hazrat) Khalid ne apne armour, hathiyaar aur ghode ko liya aur Madinah ke liye nikal gaya. Raaste mei, usne do aur musafir dekhe jo Madinah ki taraf ja rahe the: Amr bin Al-Aas aur Uthman bin Talha (jo Uhud mein Quraish ke flag bearer ke bete the), aur ye sun kar unhe bhi hairani hui ke wo teeno ek hi maqsad ke liye Madinah ja rahe the, jab ke har ek doosray ko Islam ka dushman samajhta tha! Teeno musafir Madinah 31 May 629 (1 Safar, 8 Hijri) ko pohanchay, aur Prophet ﷺ ke ghar gaiiii. (Hazrat) Khalid pehle gaiii aur apni tasleem pesh ki. Uske baad Amr aur phir Uthman aaye. Teeno ko Prophet ﷺ ne khushi se welcome kiya, aur unke purane dushmaniyon ko maaf kar diya, taake wo ab ek nayi shuruat kar sakein.

(Hazrat) Khalid, jo ab 43 saal k thay aur apni zindagi ke behtareen daur mei thay, Madinah aakar khush thay. Unho ney purani dostiyaan dhoondhi aur paaya ke wo sab se dosti se mil rahe the. Purani nafratain bhool gayi thi. Madinah mei ek nayi rooh thi—wo rooh jo kisi naye mission ki thi. Wahan har taraf kaam, umeed, aur jazba tha, aur yeh jazba (Hazrat) Khalid ke dil mei bhi beth gaya. Unho ny nayi imaan ki saaf hawa mei saans li aur khush thay.

Unho-ney Hazrat Umar se bhi mulaqat ki aur dono phir se dost ban gaiii. Purani mukablay ki thodi si baat ab bhi thi, lekin yeh ab ek be-naya jazba tha, na ke koi khas iraada. (Hazrat) Khalid ne ab yeh samjha ke (Hazrat) Umar ke saath unka purana rivalries ab unke liye faida mand nahi rahi thi, kyonke wo ab ek naye Muslim thay, jab ke (Hazrat) Umar Madinah ke purane emigrant the. (Hazrat) Umar wo pehle Musalman the, jo Makkah mei Islam mei shamil hue the, aur ab jab Muslimon ki taadaad barh gayi thi, to unka yeh purana status bhi zaroori ho gaya tha.

(Hazrat) Khalid Prophet ﷺ se zyada zyada milne jaya kartay. Wo ghanto tak Prophet ﷺ ke lectures suntay. Unke liye yeh ek khoobsoorat maaloomat aur hikmat ka behtareen zariya tha. Ek din, (Hazrat) Khalid aur Hazrat Fadhl bin Abbas (jo Prophet ﷺ ke cousin the) Maimuna (jo (Hazrat ) Khalid ki khala bhi thi) ke ghar, Prophet ﷺ se milne gaii. Us waqt ek Bedouin dost ne Prophet ﷺ ko ek khana bheja tha, aur Prophet ﷺ ne apne mehmaanon ko bulaya aur kaha ke wo bhi us khane mei shaamil ho jaayein. Zameen par ek kapra bichaya gaya aur sab ne uss kapre ke aas-paas baithkar khana khaya—Prophet ﷺ, unki wife, aur dono mehmaan.

Jab Prophet ﷺ ne dish ki taraf haath badhaya, to Hazrat Maimuna bint al-Harith ne kaha, "Ya Rasulullah, kya aapko pata hai yeh kya hai?"

"Nahi," Prophet ﷺ ne jawab diya.

"Yeh roast lizard hai!" Hazrat Maimuna bint al-Harith ne jawab diya.

Prophet ﷺ ne apna haath wapas kheench liya. "Main yeh maas nahi khaunga," unhone kaha.

"Ya Rasulullah," (Hazrat) Khalid ne poocha, "kya yeh haram hai?"

"Nahi."

"To kya hum khayen?" (Hazrat) Khalid ne poocha.

"Haan, tum khasakte ho."

Maimuna ne is khane ko nahi khaya, lekin Hazrat Khalid aur Fadhl ne is dish ko achay se khaya. Roasted lizard bedouinon ka ek pasandeeda khana tha, aur lagta hai ke (Hazrat) Khalid ko bhi yeh bahut pasand tha!

Islam mei kuch specific lizard ki naslon ka zikar hai, jo halal ya haram hone ki categorization mei affect karte hain.

1. Salamander (Jo lizard ki ek nasal hai):

• Salamander ek aisi lizard hai jo kayi cultures mei poisonous samjhi jaati hai. Is lizard ko Islam mein khaana haram mana gaya hai, khaas tor pe agar iski venemous qualities samjhi jaayein.

• Hadith mei bhi is ka zikar hai jahan Prophet Muhammad ﷺ ne salamander ko haram aur ghalat qarar diya. Iska zikar Sahih Muslim mei milta hai, jahan kaha gaya hai ke jab salamander ko maarne ka hukm diya gaya, to yeh poisonous hone ki wajah se tha.

2. Chhoti Lizards (Jise generally Halal samjha jata hai):

• Chhoti lizards, jo dangerous ya venomous nahi hoti, unko kaafi scholars halal samajhte hain, khaas tor pe Hanafi fiqh ke mutabiq.

• Shafi'i aur Maliki fiqh mei bhi, agar lizard harmless ho, to usay halal mana jaata hai, aur iski eating ki koi specific prohibition nahi hoti.

Conclusion: Lizard ki naslon ka halal ya haram hone ka faisla uski qisam aur qualities par mabni hota hai. Agar lizard poisonous ya dangerous hai (jaise salamander), to usay haram mana jaata hai. Agar lizard harmless aur normal hai, to usay halal samjha jaata hai. Har fiqh apni understanding ke mutabiq isay treat karti hai, lekin yeh zaroori hai ke uski qualities ko samajhkar faisla kiya jaye.

Ibn Sad: p. 381

Khalid ibn al-Waleed ka Islam mei Pehla Jang ka Tajarba: Jang-e-Mutah

Jang-e-Mutah Islam ki un pehli mohim mei se ek hai jisme Hazrat Khalid ibn al-Waleed ko apne lashkar ke sath ladne ka pehla tajarba mila. Ye waqia kuch is tarah hai:

Waqia ki Shuruaat

• Prophet Muhammad ﷺ ne ek Islam ka dawat dene wala khat Ghassan ke sardar ke paas bheja. Magar Mutah ke ilaqe mei Ghassan ke chieftain Shurahbil bin Amr ne Muslim safir ko shaheed kar diya.

• Arabs mei yeh aam riwaj tha ke safiron ko har haalaat mei aman milta tha, aur is qatal ko badi badi be-hurmatiyon mei shumar kiya gaya. Is jurm ki khabar Madinah pohanchi, to logon mei ghussa bhar gaya.

Muslim Lashkar ki Tashkeel

• Nabi-e-Karim ﷺ ne 3,000 Musalmanon ka lashkar tayar kiya aur teen afsar muqarrar kiye:

  1. Zaid bin Harithah (Commander)

  2. Agar Zaid shaheed hotay, to Jafar ibn Abi Talib.

  3. Agar Jafar bhi shaheed hotay, to Abdullah ibn Rawahah.

• Agar teeno shaheed hotay, lashkar ko apne andar se ek leader chun'na tha.

Dushman ki Taakat aur Lashkar ka Morale

• Lashkar Mutah ke paas Ma’an mei tha jab pehli baar pata chala ke Roman Emperor Heraclius 1 lakh Roman faujion ke sath aur Ghassan ke 1 lakh Christian Arab lashkarion ke sath hai.

• Yeh khabar lashkar mei kuch darr aur shakk paida kar gayi. Abdullah ibn Rawahah (RA) ne jazbaati takreer ki aur kaha:
  "Humein taqat sirf apne iman se milti hai. Hum jeet ya shahadat mei se dono mei faida paayenge!"

• Is takreer ke baad lashkar Mutah ki taraf chala gaya.

Jang ka Maaqaa

• Lashkar Mutah ke paas ek battlefield par Christian Arabon se takra gaya. Zaid ibn Harithah ne lashkar ko deploy kiya:

  • Markazi lashkar ka command unhone apne paas rakha, jisme Hazrat Khalid ibn al-Walid bhi shamil the.

  • Dahina baazu (right wing): Qutba bin Qatadah.

  • Baaya baazu (left wing): Ubaya bin Malik.

• Zaid ne lashkar ko ek strategic pahaloo par rakh diya jahan unki peeth ek ridge ki taraf thi jo unhe dushman ke hamle se kuch hifazat deti thi.

Jang-e-Mutah ka Aghaz

• Jang shuru hui aur Zaid ibn Harithah sabse pehle shaheed hue. Phir Jafar ibn Abi Talib ne command sambhali aur woh bhi shaheed hue.

• Phir Abdullah ibn Rawahah ne lead kiya, magar woh bhi shahadat ko pohanch gaii. Lashkar ne Hazrat Khalid ibn al-Walid ko apni leadership di.

Hazrat Khalid ne apne pehle moqe par lashkar ki faujiyon ko barhi hikmat se sambhala aur ek bad-tar haalaat mein bhi dushman ke aage samet kar shandar war kiya.

Tirmidhi and Ahmad from Abu Hurayrah, Sahih Al-Jami’ Al-Saghir No. 6776

Ibn Hisham: Vol. 2, p. 375.

Jang-e-Mutah aur Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed ka Saifullah ka Laqab Pana

Jang-e-Mutah Islam ke aham waqiyat mei se ek hai jahan Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed ki qiyadat aur unki lashkar chalane ki maharat ka izhaar hua. Is jang ne unhein "Saifullah" (Allah ki Talwar) ka laqab dilwaya.

Dushman ki Taqat aur Muslim Lashkar ki Shuruaati Haalat

• Christian Arab lashkar ka sardar Malik bin Zafila tha. Is lashkar ki taqat ka andaza kuch historians ne 10-15 hazar diya hai, magar kuch ne ise 1 lakh tak barhaya hai, jo galat hai.

• Muslim lashkar 3,000 ka tha aur pehle teen Commanders ki shahadat ke baad kuch bechaini aur afraatfari paida hui.

Jang ka Aghaz aur Musalman Commanders ki Shahadat

1. Hazrat Zaid ibn Harithah: Pehle commander jo apne lashkar ke markaz mei ladte hue shaheed hue.

2. Hazrat Jafar ibn Abi Talib: Doosre commander jo bahaduri se larte rahe, magar unke badan par kayi zakhmon ke nishan ke baad woh bhi shaheed ho gaii.

3. Hazrat Abdullah ibn Rawahah: Teesre commander jo lashkar ko sambhalte rahe magar woh bhi dushman ke samne shaheed ho gaye.

In teeno commandron ki shahadat ke baad lashkar mei afraatfari paida hui.

Hazrat Khalid ka Lashkar Sambhalna

• Thabit ibn Arqam ne lashkar ko majboor kiya ke nayi qiyadat ke liye kisi ko chunein aur unhone Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed ko standard (jhanda) diya.

• Hazrat Khalid ne shuruaat mei jhande ko lene se inkar kiya, magar lashkar ki zarurat aur logon ke bharose ki wajah se qiyadat apna li.

Hazrat Khalid ki Strategy

1. Hazrat Khalid ke paas teen options thay:

   • Wapas hatna aur lashkar ko tabahi se bacha lena.

   • Defensive rehna aur ladte rehna, jo dushman ki taqat ke samne mushkil hota.

   • Hamla karna aur dushman ko heran karke waqt jeetna.

   • Hazrat Khalid ne teesra rasta apnaya aur foran dushman par hamla kiya.

2. Is fierce attack mei Hazrat Khalid ne dushman ke sardar Malik ibn Zafila ko maar giraya, jo dushman lashkar mei afraatfari ka sabab bana.

Jang ka Anjam

• Hazrat Khalid ke is dauntless attack ke bawajood, Christian Arabs ne dobara apne lashkar ko sambhal liya. Hazrat Khalid ne iska faida uthaya aur apne lashkar ko safe distance par le gaii, jahan dono lashkar bow-range ke bahar the.

• Muslim lashkar ke sirf 12 log shaheed hue, magar dushman ke kaafi log maare gaii. Hazrat Khalid ne sirf ek jang mei 9 talwaren tod di, jo unki jang mei maharat aur shiddat ka saboot hai.

Madinah Mei Wapsi

• Jab lashkar Madinah wapas aaya to kuch logon ne un par ilzam lagaya ke unhone "Allah ki raah se bhaag kar battlefield chhorha".

• Nabi-e-Karim ﷺ ne kaha:
  "Yeh log bhage nahi, yeh phir ladne ke liye lautenge agar Allah ne chaha."

• Us waqt Nabi ﷺ ne Hazrat Khalid ko "Saifullah" (Allah ki Talwar) ka laqab diya, jo unke tamam future campaigns ke liye ek badi pehchan ban gaya.

Conclusion

Jang-e-Mutah ko na to puri tarah se jeet kaha ja sakta hai aur na hi shikast. Yeh ek drawn battle thi, magar Hazrat Khalid ki qiyadat ne Musalman lashkar ko total shikast aur tabahi se bacha liya. Yehi wo moqa tha jahan Hazrat Khalid ne apne bravery aur military skills ka pehla izhaar kiya aur apna maqam banaya. "Saifullah" ka laqab unki zindagi ka ek turning point tha, jisne unhein Islam ke sabse azeem commanders mei shamil kar diya.

Ibn Hisham: Vol. 2, p. 382. 

Waqidi: Maghazi, p. 322.

Makkah ka Fateh aur Sulah Hudaibiya ka tora Jana

Sulah Hudaibiya aur Do Qabeelon ka Ittehad

• Sulah Hudaibiya ke mutabiq, Makka ke do qabeelon ne Muslim aur Quraish ke side liye:

  • Khuza'a: Musalmanon ke saath.

  • Bani Bakr: Quraish ke saath.

• Yeh qabeele pehle se ek doosre ke dushman the, lekin sulah ke baad aman ke umeed thi.

Bani Bakr ka Raid aur Khuza'a par Hamla

• Bani Bakr ne Khuza'a par raat ke waqt achanak hamla kiya, jis mei Quraish ne unka saath diya.

  • Quraish ne unhein hathiyaar aur kuch log faraham kiye, jin mei Ikrimah aur Safwan bin Umayyah shamil the.

  • Is hamlay mei 20 log Khuza'a ke shaheed hue.

• Is khilaf warzi ki shikayat lekar Khuza'a ka waft Madinah aaya aur Nabi ﷺ se insaf aur madad ki darkhwast ki.

Abu Sufyan ka Madinah Aana

• Abu Sufyan, jo is raid mei directly shamil nahi tha, sulah ke tootne se parishan hua aur nayi sulah ki koshish ke liye Madinah aaya.

• Madinah mei uski koshishen:

  1. Umm Habiba: Abu Sufyan ne apni beti aur Nabi ﷺ ki biwi Umm Habiba se mulaqat ki, magar unhone koi tawajjo na di.

  2. Nabi ﷺ se mulaqat: Nabi ﷺ se sulah ke liye guzarish ki, magar Nabi ﷺ ne khamoshi ikhtiyar ki, jo Abu Sufyan ke liye aur zyada fikar ka sabab bana.

  3. Sahaba se madad:

     • Hazrat Abu Bakr: Unhone inkar kar diya.

     • Hazrat Umar: Hazrat Umar ne kaha, "Agar mere paas sirf cheeti ke barabar lashkar bhi hota, main tumhare khilaf jang karta."

     • Hazrat Ali aur Fatimah: Hazrat Ali ne kaha, "Jab Allah ke Rasool ﷺ faisla kar lete hain, to unhein koi rok nahi sakta."

Muslim Lashkar ki Tayari

• Abu Sufyan ke wapas jaane ke baad, Nabi ﷺ ne ek barhey hamlay ki tayari shuru ki.

• Taqreeban 10,000 ka lashkar: Lashkar ki tayari itni raazdari ke sath hui ke Quraish ko kuch pata nahi chala.

• Ek aurat ne Makkah ko is operation ki khabar dene ki koshish ki, magar Nabi ﷺ ne Hazrat Ali aur Zubair ko uske peeche bheja.

  • Us aurat ke paas ek khat mila, jo Makkah ke logon ko mushkil se bachaane ki koshish thi.

  • Khat aur aurat ko Madinah laaya gaya.

Nateejah

• Nabi ﷺ ke is fauran aur raazdari se uthaye gaii qadam se Quraish ke paas tayari ka koi waqt nahi raha. Is kaam ne Muslim lashkar ko ek faida diya jo baad mei Makkah ke Fateh ki taraf le gaya.

• Abu Sufyan ki saari koshishen nakam rahi, aur Nabi ﷺ ka ghair mutasrrif rahna unki tadbeer ka hissa tha, jo Muslimon ki baat ko mazboot banata hai.

Quran ki ayat, "Jab Allah ki madad aur fatah aa jaye..." (Surah Nasr), is waqiyat ka tajziya karti hai, jo ye dikhata hai ke Allah ki madad se Makkah ka Fateh qareeb tha.

1bn Hisham: Vol. 2, pp. 396-7.

Muslim Lashkar Ki Rawangi aur Tayari

• 1 January 630 CE (10 Ramadan, 8 Hijri) ko Nabi ﷺ ne apne lashkar ke saath Madinah se safar shuru kiya.

• Raste mei Muslim qabeele lashkar mei shamil hote gaiii, aur lashkar ka hisaab 10,000 faujiyon tak pohanch gaya.

• Lashkar ki raftaar itni tez aur raazdari se thi ke Quraish ko bilkul pata nahi chala.

• Lashkar Marr-uz-Zahran ke maqam par pohanch gaya, jo Makkah se sirf 10 mil door tha.

Hazrat Abbas Ka Islam Lana

• Nabi ﷺ ke chacha, Hazrat Abbas, is safar ke dauran Juhfa ke maqam par Muslim lashkar ke paas aaye aur Islam qabool kiya.

• Nabi ﷺ aur Hazrat Abbas ke darmiyan hamesha achhe taluqaat rahe thay, aur unka Islam lana Musalmanon ke liye khushi ka baais bana.

Hazrat Abbas aur Abu Sufyan Ki Mulaqat

• Hazrat Abbas ne Makkah ke logon ko kisi bhi muzahamat (resistance) ke anjam se agah karne ka faisla kiya. Nabi ﷺ ke izn se wo apni khachchar par Makkah ki taraf chale.

• Raste mei unki mulaqat Abu Sufyan se hui, jo Makkah ke qarib halat ka jaiza lene aaye thay.

  • Hazrat Abbas ne kaha, "Nabi ﷺ 10,000 ke lashkar ke saath aa rahe hain. Agar aapne muzahamat ki, to aapka sar kata jayega."

  • Abu Sufyan ko samjha kar, Hazrat Abbas unhein Muslim camp le aaye.

Muslim Camp Mei Abu Sufyan Ki Haazri

• Jab Abu Sufyan Muslim camp mei pohanche, to Hazrat Umar ne unhein dekhte hi kaha, "Allah ka dushman bagair aman nama ke yahan kaise aya?"

• Hazrat Umar, Abbas aur Abu Sufyan sab Nabi ﷺ ke paas pohanche. Hazrat Umar ne Abu Sufyan ka qatal karne ki ijaazat maangi, magar Hazrat Abbas ne kaha ke unhein aman diya gaya hai, aur unki baat sunni chahiye.

• Nabi ﷺ ne kaha, "Subah aakar baat karo."

Abu Sufyan Ka Islam Qabool Karna

• Agle din Nabi ﷺ ne Abu Sufyan se sawal kiya:

  • "Kya tumhe pata nahi ke Allah ke siwa koi maabood nahi?"

  • Abu Sufyan ne kaha, "Ab mujhe yaqeen ho gaya hai."

  • "Kya tumhe pata nahi ke main Allah ka Rasool hoon?"

  • Abu Sufyan ne kaha, "Is baat par abhi kuch shakk hai."

  • Hazrat Abbas ne kaha, "Islam qabool karo warna tumhara sar kat diya jayega!"

  • Abu Sufyan ne ghabra kar kaha, "Main gawahi deta hoon ke Muhammad ﷺ Allah ke Rasool hain."

Abu Sufyan Ki Izat

• Hazrat Abbas ne kaha, "Abu Sufyan ek fakhr pasand aadmi hain, unhein koi khaas martaba diya jaye."

• Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya:

  • "Jo Abu Sufyan ke ghar mein dakhil hoga, wo mehfooz hoga."

  • "Jo apne ghar ka darwaza band karega, wo mehfooz hoga."

  • "Jo masjid mei panah lega, wo mehfooz hoga."

Makkah Mei Abu Sufyan Ka Elan

• Abu Sufyan Makkah wapas gaii aur kaha:

  • "Muhammad ﷺ ek aise lashkar ke saath aaye hain jiska muqabla mumkin nahi. Jo mera ghar mei aayega, mehfooz rahega. Jo apne ghar ka darwaza band karega ya masjid mei panah lega, wo mehfooz hoga."

• Log is baat se mutmaeen ho gaye, magar Abu Sufyan ki biwi Hind ne narazgi ka izhar kiya.

  • Hind ne Abu Sufyan ko maara aur unki mooche pakar kar cheekhi, "Is mote ko maar daalo, yeh humein chor kar Muhammad ke saath ho gaya!"

Makkah Mei Dakhil Hone Ka Mansuba

• Nabi ﷺ ne Makkah mei shanti se dakhil hone ka plan banaya, magar kuch muzahamat ki umeed rakhi.

• Lashkar ko 4 columns mei taqseem kiya gaya:

  1. North-West (Azakhir): Nabi ﷺ aur Abu Ubaidah.

  2. South-West (Kuda Pass): Hazrat Zubair bin Awwam.

  3. South (Kudai): Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib.

  4. North-East (Lait aur Khandama): Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed.

Yeh hikmat-e-amali Makkah ke ba-ghair khoon kharaba fateh ke liye thi.

Aage barhne ki strategy yeh thi ke mukhtalif simton se ek markazi maqam ki taraf hamla kiya jaye, jo dushman ko chhoti-chhoti hisson mei taqseem karne ka asar rakhe. Iss tarah dushman ko is qadar bikhera jaye ke woh kisi ek simt mei ladai ke liye apni taqat jama na kar sake.

Agar dushman kuch routes par hamla rok bhi leta, toh attackers ke paas doosre raaste hote jin par se wo tor kar nikal sakte aur apni kaamyabi ke chances barha sakte. Har mumkin approach ka istemal kiya gaya taake is military strategy ka maqsad poora ho.

Yeh strategy isliye bhi apnaayi gayi ke Quraish ko bhaagne ka moka na mile, lekin baad mei jab musalman lashkar ki nigraani thodi dheeli hui, toh kuch log baag kar nikalne mein kaamyab ho gaii.

1bn Hisham: Vol. 2, pp. 402-5, Ibn Sad: p. 644; Waqidi: Maghazi: pp. 327-31. 

MISSING REFERENCE "Map 5" ke mutaliq detail di gayi hai, uska asar yeh hai ke map ke hawale ya source ki kami hai. Yeh kaha gaya hai ke "Map 5" Makkah ke aas-paas ke ilaqe ko dikhata hai jo zyada tar pahari hai, magar map mein pahariyon ka detail shamil nahi ki gayi hai kyunke large-scale topographical maps ka istamal nahi kiya gaya. Sirf jagahon ke names aur Muslim columns ke direction hi dikhaye gaye hain.

Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne zor diya ke Quraish ke khilaf sirf us surat mei jung ki jaye jab woh musallah mukhalifat karein. Aap ﷺ ne yeh bhi hukm diya ke zakhmiyon ko qatal na kiya jaye, bhaagne walon ka peecha na kiya jaye aur na hi qaidiyon ko maara jaye.

Makkah mein dakhil hone ka waqia 11 January 630 (20 Ramzan, 8 Hijri) ko waqt hua. Yeh muhim aman aur be-khoon rezi ka zabardast namoona bani, siwaye ek hisay ke jo Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed ke sector mei tha. Ikrimah aur Safwan ne Quraish aur kuch aur qabail ke mukhalif faujiyon ka ek giroh jama kiya aur yeh irada kiya ke woh Muslimaanon ko jung par majboor karenge. Yeh mukabla Hazrat Khalid ki fauj se Khandama ke maqam par hua.

Yeh waqia Hazrat Khalid ke liye bhi ajeeb tha kyunke jo do mukhalif leaders unke samne the—Ikramah aur Safwan—woh unke qareebi dost hua karte the. Safwan to Hazrat Khalid ki behan Faktah ka shohar bhi tha. Lekin Islam ne jahiliyat ke tamam rishtay aur dostiyaan khatam kar di thi, aur Ek Muslim par sirf Islam ke qanoon ka amal hota hai.

Quraish ne apne teeron aur talwaron se hamla kiya, joHazrat Khalid ka intezar kar rahe the. Hazrat Khalid ne foran un par hamla bol diya aur chand hi dair ki mukhtasir aur shiddat bhari jung ke baad Quraish ko peecha hattna pada. Is mukable mei Quraish ke 12 log qatal hue, jabke Muslimaan sirf 2 jaanon ka nuqsaan uthaaye. Ikrimah aur Safwan jung ke maidan se farar ho gaii.

Jab Nabi ﷺ ko is waqia aur mare gaye kufaar ki taadaad ka ilm hua, to aap ﷺ Hazrat Khalid se na-raaz hue. Aap ﷺ aman ke khwahishmand the aur Hazrat Khalid ke shadid mizaj ke sabab dar gaii ke kahin unhone khud se jung na shuru kar di ho. Hazrat Khalid ko foran bula kar unka bayan liya gaya. Jab unhone wazahat ki, to Nabi ﷺ ne unki baat ko tasleem kar liya aur yeh maan liya ke Hazrat Khalid ne sahi kiya. Woh sirf jawab mei ladai kar rahe the. Hazrat Khalid ka mizaj aisa tha ke jab woh war karte, to puri shiddat se karte. Unke tabiyat mei moderan (miyanaravi) nahi thi.

Makkah par Muslimaanon ka qabza hone ke baad Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne Kaabah mei dakhil ho kar Allah ke ghar ka tawaaf kiya. Yeh Nabi ﷺ ki zindagi ka ek azeem maqam tha. Saat saal se zyada ka arsa guzar chuka tha jab aap ﷺ Makkah se chorh kar nikalay thay, Quraish aap ke khoon ke pyaase thay. Lekin ab, Nabi ﷺ ek bhaagne wale nahi, balke Makkah ke ghalib aur kaamil rahnuma ke tor par wapas aaye thay.

Quraish masjid mei khauf ke saath intizaar kar rahe the, unhe maloom tha ke Arab ke rivaaj ke mutabiq inteqam shiddat bhara hota hai. Nabi Kareem ﷺ unki taraf dekh kar farmate hain:
"Aey Quraish! Tumhare saath kaisa salook kiya jaye?"
Unhon ne jawab diya:
"Rehmat aur karam ka, aey shareef bhai aur shareef bhai ke bete!"
Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya:
"Jao, tum sab azad ho."

Baad mei, Nabi ﷺ ne Kaabah ke andar dakhil ho kar usmei rakhi hui buton ko tod diya. Kaabah ke gird aur andar 360 bhut thay, jin mei Ibrahim ka ek butt bhi shamil tha jo teeron ke saath dikhaya gaya tha. Nabi ﷺ ne ek bada asa liya aur in sab buton ko torna shuru kiya. Jab tamam bhutt tor diye gaii, to Nabi ﷺ ne tasalli mehsoos ki aur irshad farmaya:
"Haq aa gaya aur baatil mit gaya!"

Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne Makkah mei dakhil hone se pehle 10 logon ke naam liye thay—6 mard aur 4 auratein—jo "jang ke mujrim" (war criminals) samjhe gaii. In logon ke bare mei hukm tha ke unhein dekhtay hi maar diya jaye, chahe woh Kaabah mei panaah lein. In mei Ikrimah aur Hind ke naam bhi shamil thay.

Ibn Hisham: Vol. 2, p. 412

Ibid. Vol. 2, p. 417; Quran: 17:81

Jab Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed ke sath mukable ke baad Ikrimah peeche hatega, to woh Makkah ke andar chhup gaya. Jab Muslimaanon ki chaukasi dheeli parh gayi, to Ikrimah nikal kar Yemen ki taraf farar ho gaya, aur wahan se Abyssinia jaane ke liye kashti pakarne ka irada rakha. Lekin Ikrimah ki biwi Muslim ho chuki thi aur unhone Nabi Kareem ﷺ se Ikrimah ke liye maafi ki darkhwast ki. Nabi ﷺ ne unki jaan bakhsh di. Woh aurat jaldi se Yemen gayi, apne shohar ko dhundha aur unhein waapis le aayi. Jab Ikrimah Makkah pahunche, to woh seedha Nabi ﷺ ke paas aaye aur kaha:
"Main ghalati par tha aur ab tauba karta hoon. Maaf kar dein!"
Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne unki tauba qubool ki aur Ikrimah Islam ke bhai charay mei shamil ho gaii.

Safwan bin Umayyah, jo jang ke mujrim (war criminal) ki list mei shamil nahi tha, lekin apni jaan ke khauf se Jeddah farar ho gaya. Uska irada bhi Abyssinia bhaagne ka tha. Uska ek dost Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke paas gaya aur Safwan ke liye jaan bakhsh ki darkhwast ki. Nabi ﷺ ne pehle hi Safwan ko maaf karne ka irada kar rakha tha aur kaha ke Safwan waapis aa jaye, unhein maaf kar diya jayega. Uska dost Jeddah gaya aur Safwan ko waapis laya. Safwan ne Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke saamne ghulami aur siyasi taur par apna sir jhukaya, lekin Islam ke liye usne kaha ke usse faisla karne ke liye do mahine ka waqt diya jaye. Nabi ﷺ ne usse char mahine ka waqt diya.

Jang ke mujrim 10 logon mei se asal mei sirf 3 mard aur 2 auratein qatal ki gayin. Baqi sab ko maaf kar diya gaya, Hind bhi Islam mei daakhil ho gayi.

Kaabah ke bhuton ko todne ke baad Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne chhoti chhoti taqseemati muhimat bheji jo aas paas ke qabail ke butkhano mei mojood buton ko todne ke liye thi. Hazrat Khalid ko Nakhla bheja gaya, jahan Uzza—jo Arabon ki ek sabse aham devi thi—ka bhut tha. Hazrat Khalid 30 sawaron ke sath nikal gaii.

Pehle,Hazrat Khalid ne ek nakli Uzza ko dhoondha aur usse tabah kar diya. Jab unhone yeh baat Nabi ﷺ ko batayi, to Nabi ﷺ ne pucha,
"Tumne kuch ajeeb dekha?"
Hazrat Khalid ne jawab diya,
"Nahi."
Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya,
"Tumne Uzza ko nahi tabah kiya. Wapis jao."

Hazrat Khalid ko apne galti ka gussa tha, aur woh phir wapas gaii. Iss dafa unhein asal Uzza mila. Uzza ke mandir ka dekhbhaal karne wala bhaag gaya tha, lekin jaane se pehle usne bhut ke gale mein talwar latkayi thi, shayad is umeed mei ke woh apne aap ko bacha legi. Jab Hazrat Khalid mandir mei dakhil hue, to unke samne ek kali aur nangi aurat aayi jo cheekhne lagi. Hazrat Khalid ne rukne ke bajaye foran talwar nikali aur ek hi vaar mei us aurat ko do tukdon mein kaat diya. Phir unhone bhut ko tor diya. Jab wapis Makkah pahunche aur Nabi ﷺ ko sab kuch bataya, to Nabi ﷺ ne farmaya,
"Haan, woh Uzza thi. Ab kabhi uski tumhare ilaqe mei ibadat nahi hogi."

20 January 630 (8 Hijri) ke aas paas, jab buton ko tabah kar diya gaya tha, to ek afsosnaak waqia Banu Jazima ke saath hua. Nabi ﷺ ne Makkah ke ird gird ke qabail mei Islam ka paigham pohanchane ke liye kuch expeditions bheji. Aap ﷺ ka irada tha ke jung aur khoon rezi se bacha jaye. Ek mission ko Hazrat  Khalid bin Waleed ki qiyadat mei Tihama ke ilaqe (Makkah ke south mei) bheja gaya. 350 sawaron ki yeh fauj mukhtalif qabail ke faujiyon par mushtamil thi, jin mei sabse zyada Banu Sulaim ke log thay, aur kuch Ansar aur Muhajir bhi shamil thay.

Jab Hazrat Khalid Al Ghumaisa (Makkah se takreeban 15 mile door) pahunche, to unka samna Banu Jazima qabeelay ke logon se hua. Qabeelay ke log Muslim fauj ko dekh kar hathiyaar utha lete hain aur kehte hain,
"Hum Muslim ho chuke hain. Hum namaz qaim karte hain aur masjid bhi banayi hai."
Hazrat Khalid ne pucha,
"To phir yeh hathiyaar kyun?"
Unhone jawab diya,
"Humein kuch Arab qabail ke sath dushmani hai, aur humein apni hifazat karni padti hai."

Waqidi: Maghazi, p. 332

Note:Nakhla Wadi, jo ab Wadi-ul-Yamaniya ke naam se jaana jaata hai, Makkah aur Taif ke beech ka main raasta tha; aur wahan Nakhla bhi tha, jahan devi Uzza ka mandir tha, aur yeh Wadi-ul-Yamaniya ke north mein tha. Yeh jagah aaj ke Bir-ul-Batha se takreeban 4 ya 5 mile south thi.

Hazrat Khalid ne hukm diya, 'Apne hathiyar daal do! Tamam log Musalman ho gaii  hain aur ab aapko hathiyar rakhne ki koi zarurat nahi.'"

Bani Jazima ka ek aadmi apne qabeelay walon se kehne laga, "Yeh Hazrat Khalid, Al-Waleed ka beta hai. Isse bach ke rehna! Hathiyar daalne ke baad hamare haath bandhe jayenge, aur phir haath bandhne ke baad humare sir kaat diye jayenge!"

Hazrat Khalid aur Bani Jazima ke darmiyan ek purana dushmiyana tha. Jahiliyat ke daur mei, Bani Jazima ne ek chhoti si Quraishi caravan par hamla kiya tha, jo Yemen se aa rahi thi, aur caravan ko loot kar do ahm logon - Auf (Abdur-Rahman bin Auf ke walid) aur Fakiha (Al-Mughira ka bhatija) ko maar diya tha. Abdur-Rahman ne apne walid ke qatal ka badla liya tha, lekin Fakiha ka qatal kabhi badla nahi liya gaya tha. Yeh sab kuch Jahiliyat ke daur mei hua tha.

Bani Jazima ke log, jo ab hazrat Khalid se dar rahe the, apne fellow tribesmen se kehne lage, "Kya tum humein maarna chahte ho? Sare qabeelay apne hathiyar daal kar Musalman ho gaye hain. Jung khatam ho gayi hai." Thodi der ki behas ke baad qabeelay ne apne hathiyar daal diye.

Lekin baad mei jo kuch hua uski wajah wazeh nahi thi. Shayad Hazrat Khalid ne purani qabaili badla leni ki bhool kar li thi (wo sirf kuch mahine pehle Musalman hue the). Ya phir ho sakta hai ke Hazrat  Khalid ke dil mei Islam ke liye zyada junoon tha aur unhe yeh shak tha ke qabeelay ke log sach mei Musalman ho chuke hain. Jaise hi unhone apne hathiyar daale, Hazrat Khalid ne apne sipahiyon ko unke haath peechhe baandhne ka hukm diya. Phir unhone hukm diya ke tamam qaidiyon ko maar diya jaye. Khushkismati se sirf Bani Sulaim ne yeh hukm maana aur unke haath mei jo qaidiyan thi unhe maar diya, lekin unka exact number maloom nahi. Baqi qabeelay ne yeh hukm nahi maana. Abdullah bin Umar aur Abu Qatadah ne is par shikayat ki, lekin Hazrat Khalid ne unki baat nahi suni. Abu Qatadah ne foran Makkah ja kar Prophet ko Hazrat Khalid ke faislay ki khabar di.

Prophet ne sun kar bahut afsos kiya. Unhone apne haath aasman ki taraf uthaye aur kaha, "Ya Allah! Main us jo kuch Hazrat Khalid ne kiya uska zimmedar nahi hoon." Phir unhone Hazrat Ali ko bheja aur kafi maal diya, taake Bani Jazima ke jazbaat ko shaanti di ja sake aur jo khoon beh gaya tha uska diyat diya ja sake.Hazrat Ali ne apna kaam bahut puri ikhlaas ke saath kiya aur tab tak wapis nahi aaye jab tak qabeela bilkul mutamin nahi ho gaii.

Ab Prophet ne Hazrat Khalid ko bula kar is faisle ka sabab poocha. Hazrat Khalid ne kaha ke unhey lagta tha ke wo log sach mei Musalman nahi hain, aur unhey laga ke wo unhey dhokha de rahe hain, aur wo Allah ke raaste mei qatal kar rahy thay.

Wahan Abdur-Rahman bin Auf bhi maujood the. Jab unhone Hazrat Khalid ka jawab suna, to wo bole, "Tum ne Islam ke daur mei Jahiliyat ka kaam kiya hai."

Hazrat Khalid ne ab samjha ke wo is mushkil surat-e-haal se nikal sakte hain, aur kaha, "Maine aapke walid ke qatal ka badla liya tha." Abdur-Rahman ne jawab diya, "Tum jhoot bol rahe ho! Maine bohot pehle apne walid ke qatal ka badla liya aur apne khandan ki izzat ka badla liya. Tum ne Bani Jazima ka qatal apne chacha Fakiha ke liye badla lene ke liye kiya."

Is par Hazrat Khalid aur Abdur-Rahman ke beech garma garmi ho gayi. Yeh Hazrat Khalid ki ghalat fehmi thi, kyunki Abdur-Rahman "As’hab al-Basharat" mei se the aur unka maqam aise kisi ki taadaad se zyada tha. Lekin is behas ke badhane se pehle Prophet ne fauran intezaar karte hue kaha, "Mere sahaba se pichhe hat jao, o Khalid! Agar tumhare paas sona ka ek pahaad ho aur tum use Allah ke raaste mei kharch kar do, tab bhi tum mere sahaba ka maqam nahi paa sakte."

Iske baad Hazrat Khalid ko apni jagah samajh aayi. Unhe maaf kar diya gaya, lekin unhe yeh zaroori sabaq sikhaaya gaya ke ek baad mei Musalman hone ke bawajood, unka maqam pehle ke sahaba ke barabar nahi tha, khaas taur pe "As’hab al-Basharat" ke maqam ko samajhte hue.

Ibn Hisham: Vol. 2, p. 429.

"Yaqeenan Allah ne aapki madad ki kai jangon mein, aur Din-e-Hunayn mein bhi. Dekho! Aapki bohot zyada taadaad ne aapko khud par fakr kar diya, lekin us se aapko koi faida nahi hua. Zameen, chahe wo wasi thi, aapko pichhe hattne par majboor kar gayi thi.

Magar Allah ne apne Rasool aur mumineen par apna sukoon bejha diya, aur aise faujain bheji jo aapne nahi dekhi thi, aur unke (kafiron) ko saza di. Aise hi Allah kafiron ko unki be-imanai ka badla deta hai. Phir Allah apni rahmat se usko mo'awza dega jise chahe, kyun ke Allah bohot bakhshne wala, meherbaan hai."

[Quran 9: 25-27]

Jald hi jab Makkah ke logon ne Rasool Allah (PBUH) ki ba'it ki aur shehar mei sab kuch normal ho gaya, to purani dushman hawaen phir se chalne lagi. Hawazin aur Thaqeef ki taqatwar qabeelay jang ki tayyari mei thay.

Hawazin, Makkah ke shaamal shumaal-e-aur Taif ke aas paas ke ilaqe mei rehte thay. Ye do qabeelay ab yeh dar rakhte thay ke Musalman, jo Makkah ko fatah kar chuke thay, unko apne ilaaqon mei phailay huay dekh kar unpar hamla karenge. Unhone yeh faisla kiya ke apni taraf se hamla karen, taake wo apne shikar na hon. Dono qabeelay Autas, Hunain ke paas jama hue, jahan unko dusray qabeelay bhi mil gaye. Yeh ek ittehad tha, jaise Ditch ki jang ke waqt tha. In qabeelay ka kul taadaad 12,000 logon ka tha, aur inka fa'ali commander Malik bin Auf tha, jo ek joshila 30 saal ka tha. Usne apne faujiyon ko is qisam ke mushkil waqayeh mein ladne ke liye kaha, jahan unko jang mei apne saathiyon ki jaan bachane ke liye zyada himmat aur mushkilat ka samna karna tha.

Ek aur qoumi leader Duraid bin As-Simma tha, jo Hazrat umar ke hawale se kaafi buzurg tha. Usne apni quwwat aur joosh jang mei lead karne ke liye kho diya tha, magar wo ek danayi aur purani jangon ka tajurba rakhta tha. Aur jab wo jang mei apni quwwat ke mutabiq nahi ladta tha, to apne jazbaat aur taawun se apne faujiyon ko mushwarah deta.

Autas mein, buzurg Duraid ko un awazon ka ehsaas hua jo aam tor par aise ilaqon mein hoti hain jahan log apni families aur jaanwar rakhtay hain. Unhone Malik ko bulaya aur kaha, "Yeh kis liye kaam kar raha hai, jo main camels ki awaz, bakriyon ki bhonk, aur aurton aur bachon ka rona sun raha hoon?" Malik ne jawab diya, "Maine apne faujiyon ke saath unki families aur maal ko bhi jang mein shamil karne ka hukm diya hai, taake har shakhs apni jang ke liye puri himmat ke sath larde."

Duraid ne jawab diya, "Log talwaron aur lance ke saath ladte hain, aur aurton aur bachon ke saath nahi. Unhe jang ke maidan se door rakho, agar hum jeet gaii to wo humare saath ho sakte hain, agar hum haar gaye to kam az kam wo mehfooz rahenge."

Malik ne isay apni faislay ki salahiyat aur fauj ke hukoomat mei challange samjha. "Main unhein door nahi bhejoonga," us ne gussa ho kar kaha. "Tum budhi ho gayay ho aur tumhara dimaagh kamzor hai."

Is par Duraid ne behas ko chhorh diya aur faisla kiya ke Malik ko apni baat man lene deni chahiye. Malik ne apne afsaron se kaha, "Jab hum hamla karain, toh ek hi shakhs ki tarah hamla karo. Jab hamara hamla shuru ho, toh tamam talwaron ki jaancho ko tod dena." Yeh "jaancho todna" Arabon mei ek aise jazbaat ko dikhane ke liye kiya jata tha jo maut ki taraf chalna dikhata tha, yaani puri tarah se apne aap ko mushkilat ke liye tayar karna.

Jese ki hota hai, sirf Hawazin ne apni khawateen aur janwaron ko camp mein laya tha. Baqi qabeelon ne aisa nahi kiya tha.

Nabi ﷺ ne zyada khoon-kharaba nahi chaha tha, lekin unke paas is naye dushman ka samna karne ke alawa koi aur raasta nahi tha. Unka irada nahi tha ke koi aur coalition unke khilaf ban kar unhe phir se humla kare, jaise Teen saal pehle Batal-e-Khandaq (Ditch ki jang) mei hua tha. Agar woh Makkah mei rukte aur dushman Autas mei apni taqat jama karte, toh wo ek muqabla daur tak chalta rehta, aur Nabi ﷺ ke paas waqt kaafi nahi tha. Unhe apne dawat aur qabeelon ko Islam ki taraf daawat deni thi aur Makkah ki fatah ka jazba logon ke zehan mei tha. Agar woh itna waqt rok kar rakhte, toh unka sabr tut sakta tha. Unhe dushman ka samna karte huye unka aur apna muqam dikhana tha.

Isliye, Nabi ﷺ ne Makkah se nikal kar dushman ka muqabla karna ka faisla kiya. Ye ek anokhi surat-e-haal thi, jisme dono taraf se hamla karne ka irada tha.

27 January 630 (6 Shawal, 8 Hijri) ko, Muslims Makkah se nikalay. Fauj mei pehle se 10,000 log shamil the jo Makkah ko fatah kar chuke the aur 2,000 naye musalman bhi thay jo Makkah se aaye the. Ye naye musalman kuch shak mein thay kyunki unke dil mein Islam ka poora asar nahi tha, aur unhone bas is liye apni shaamil hone ki taadaad dikhayi thi, ke yeh sahi kaam tha. Unmein Abu Sufyan aur Safwan bin Umayyah bhi shamil the. Safwan ko 4 mahine diye gaye thay, taake woh apne faislay par pahunche, lekin ab woh Nabi ﷺ ke liye afsoos se ikhlaas rakhta tha aur usne jang ke liye 100 zireh (coat of mail) bhi musalmanon ko diye.

Ibn Hisham: Vol. 2, pp. 438-9.

Makkah se Muslimon ka aage barhna ek 700 fauji qabile Bani Sulaim ke saath tha, jo Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed ke under thay. 31 January ki shaam ko, Muslims Hunain ki waadi mei pohnchay aur apna camp laga liye.

Hunain ek waadi hai jo Shara'i-ul-Mujahid (naya), jo Makkah se 11 mile east-northeast hai, se le kar Shara'i Nakhla (purana) tak jati hai, jo aur 7 miles east mein hai. Waadi kaafi lambi hai, aur pehle wale Shara'i ke beech mein 2 mile tak chorhi hai, lekin purane Shara'i ke baad waadi kaafi sankri ho jati hai, aur Zaima ki taraf aur bhi sankri ho jati hai. Waadi ka ye doosra hissa ek defile (sankra rasta) hai, aur Zaima ke aas-paas sabse zyada sankra hai. Zaima ke baad, Taif ka rasta Wadi Nakhlat-ul-Yamaniya ki taraf jata hai.

Jab Muslims Hunain ke taraf barh rahe the, dono taraf ne apne spies bheje thay taake doosre ke baare mei maloomat hasil ki ja sake. Dono taraf apni taqat, mawqay aur harkaton se khoobi waqif the. Ek spy jo Nabi ﷺ ne bheja tha, Hawazin ke camp mei gaya aur unki taqat ka andaza laga kar chupke se nikal gaya aur ye maloomat Nabi ﷺ ko di. Jab us ne apni report di, Hazrat Umar bhi wahan maujood the, aur kisi wajah se unhone is maloomat ko jhoot samjha. Hazrat Umar ne agent ko jhoota kaha, jis par agent ne jawab diya, "Agar tum mujhe jhoota kehte ho, toh tum sach ko jhoot samajh rahe ho. Aur tum ne bhi ek behtareen shakhs ko jhoota kaha tha." Yeh baat wo Hazrat Umar ki dawat de rahi thi, jab woh Islam se pehle Nabi ﷺ ke dushman the.

Hazrat Umar ne achanak Nabi ﷺ ki taraf dekha aur kaha, "Kya ap ne yeh suna?" Nabi ﷺ ne jawab diya, "Sabar rakho, O Umar! Tum kabhi ghalat raaste par the, lekin Allah ne tumhe raasta dikhaya." Hazrat Umar ne is par aur kuch nahi kaha.

Jab Muslims apne naye camp mei pohnchay Hunain Valley mei, unko unki aamad ka khabar Malik bin Auf tak uske spies ne de di. Malik ne andaza lagaya ke Muslims ko pata chalega ke uski fauj Autas mei hai, aur wo uske saath wahan ladaai karenge. Toh usne apna plan banaya taake Muslims ko chakar mei daala ja sake.

1 February 630 (11 Shawal, 8 Hijri) ko, Muslims ne marching order mei apni fauj tayar ki aur Autas ki taraf barhne lage, jahan unhe dushman se takraav ki umeed thi. Unka irada tha ke Hunain ke defile ko dushman ke jaanne se pehle paar kar lein. Aage ki fauj phir se Bani Sulaim thi jo Khalid ke under thi, aur uske baad doosre Muslim units the, jinmein 2,000 Makkans bhi shamil the. Camp ko operation ka base chhorh diya gaya tha.

Jab subah ka pehla noor purab  ke aasman mein dikhayi diya, toh aage ki fauj ne defile mein kadam rakha (Zaima ke kareeb 2 miles door). Khalid apni fauj ko tez karne laga, kyun ke wo soch rahe the ke Autas mein dushman ko surprise karenge. Aur phir achanak toofan aa gaya!

Hazrat Khalid ne sabse pehle us shikast ko mehsoos kiya jo dushman ki chaal ka hissa thi. Subah ki khamoshi ko ek hazaar cheekhon ne tod diya, aur tir uss hisse mei kehne ki jagah sauon ki tadaad mei aaye. Woh baraf ke daane ki tarah aaye, aur horses aur insaan dono ko chhuke. Bani Sulaim ne dushman ke khilaf rukne ka socha bhi nahi. Woh sab ik saath bhag gaii. Hazrat Khalid ne apne faujiyon ko jam kar khade rehne ka hukm diya, lekin woh shor aur uljhan mei kho gaya. Khud Hazrat Khalid bhi zakhmi ho gaiii aur bhagti hui fauj ke saath chal parha, lekin kuch door ja kar woh apne ghode se gir gaya aur zakhmon ki wajah se hila nahi sakta tha.

Jab Bani Sulaim ne daud karna shuru kiya, woh doosri units se takra gaiii, jo us sankre raste pe Hazrat khadi thi. Ab unko samajh mein aaya ke kuch bohot bura ho gaya hai. Makkah k log jo zyada himmat nahi dikhate the, woh bhi bhag gaye, aur baqi Muslim units bhi unke peeche ho gayi. Kuch Muslims camp ki taraf bhag gaye, lekin zyada tar log bas doosri taraf chhup gaiii aur wahan se cover lena shuru kar diya.

Kisi ko bhi pata nahi tha ke asal mei kya ho gaya. Uljhan badh gayi jab oont aur ghode aur insaan ek doosre se takra gaii, aur har koi apni jaan bachane ki koshish mein tha.

Ibn Hisham: Vol.2, p. 440.

Malik bin Auf ne apne dushmanon ko hairaan kar diya. Raat ke waqt usne apni fauj ko Hunain ke gali mei daakhil kar diya, jahan koi bhi jang ki chaal chalne ki jagah nahi thi. Uske sipahi raaste ke dono taraf apni jagah banake pathron aur khudai zameen ke peeche chhup gaye, jo unhe behtareen panaah de rahe the. Aage Hawazin the, kuch Thaqeef ke log bhi unke saath thay. Phir Thaqeef ke log aaye aur unke baad doosri qabeelon ke log thay. Malik ne ek master plan banaya tha. Usne apne jaayaz qoumi maqsad ke liye apni chal ko shaam ke baad tal diya, taki Musalman samajhte rahen ke uski fauj Autas mei hai, aur phir usne apni fauj ko Hunain ke gali mein phansane ke liye rakha, jisme uska irada Musalmanon ko naakami se maarna ya unhe pani ki tarah bhaagakar Makkah tak pahuchne ko majboor karna tha. Hunain ke jaziray ke pichhe ek tang raasta tha jahan Malik agar jang ki haari hoti, to apni fauj ko wahan se nikaal sakta tha. Agar yeh raasta khaali rehta, to Musalman Autas tak nahi pahuch pate, jo Malik ka base tha.

Zyada tar naye Makkah ke musalman is jazbaat se khush thay ke Musalman pichhe hat rahe hain. Abu Sufyan ne kaha, "Yeh pichhe hatna tab tak jaari rahega jab tak yeh samundar tak nahi pahuch jaate!" Safwan bin Umayyah ke saath uska aadha bhai bhi tha, jo kehta hai, "Ab Muhammad ki jaadu ka pata chal jayega." "Chup ho jao!" Safwan ne jawab diya, "Allah tumhara moun tod de! Mujhe Quraish ka ek aadmi hum par hukumat karte hue zyada behtar lagta hai, na ke Hawazin ka koi aadmi!"

Prophet (PBUH) apny logon ke saath raaste par khade the, jinmein Hazrat Ali, Hazrat Abu Bakr, Hazrat Umar, aur Hazrat Abbas bhi shamil thay. Jaise hi Musalman bhaag rahe thay, Prophet (PBUH) ne unko bulaya, "O Musalmanon! Mein yahaan hoon! Mein Allah ka Rasool hoon! Mein Muhammad, Abdullah ka beta hoon!" Lekin unki awaaz ka koi faida nahi hua. Hawazin ke jhande waale log, jo pehle aye, Prophet ke paas pohanch gaii, aur yahan Hazrat Ali ne pehla kafir maara jo ek laal oont par sawar tha, aur uske haath mein ek lambi lansee thi jisme kaala parcham lata tha. Yeh aadmi Musalmanon ka peecha kar raha tha. Hazrat Ali ne us aadmi ka peecha kiya, ek dosre Musalman ke saath, aur jaake oont ke peeche ke jhunjhune kaat diye. Kafir oont ke saath gir gaya, aur doosra Musalman uska sir kaat gaya.

Phir Prophet ne apne group ke saath daahine taraf rukh kiya aur ek pathar ke jhaadi mei chhup gaii. Thaqeef ke kuch log unki taraf aaye, lekin unke saath ke Companions ne unhe wapas bhej diya.

Malik bin Auf ne Musalmanon ko woh kar ke dikha diya jo kisi ne pehle nahi kiya tha. Musalmanon ke liye yeh pehli baar thi jab unhe ek aise guroor ka samna hua tha, aur kaafi log apna hosla kho kar bhaag rahe the. Aise waqt mei, sabse bahadur bhi pareshan ho jaate hain. Malik ne bohot achha kaam kiya tha, lekin afsos yeh tha ke uske log utni behtri se kaam nahi kar rahe the. Unhone apne logon ko poori tarah se trap mei daal kar intezaar nahi kiya tha, aur jab sirf advance guard hi trap mei aayi thy, toh usne apni fauj ko aage nahi badhaya. Agar usne yeh kiya hota, toh is jang ka hisaab kuch aur hota. Iske alawa, Hawazin ke tiraandazi kaafi bekaar thi. Bohat se Musalman aur unke ghode zakhmi huye, lekin koi bhi maar nahi gaya.

Prophet (PBUH) ne apne aage dekha, aur yeh manzar kuch bhi behtar nahi tha. Unhone faisla kiya ke Malik ko itni asaani se jeetne nahi dena hai. Unhone hazrat Abbas ko bulaya aur hukm diya ke Musalmanon ko apne paas bulao. hazrat Abbas, jo ek kaafi bara aur zor daar shakhs thay, jinki awaaz kuch log kehte hain ki door se sunayi deti thi, unho ney zordaar awaaz mei kaha: "O Musalmanon! Allah ke Rasool ke paas aao! O Ansar...O Companions...O..." Usne har qabeela ko bulaya. Unki awaaz ko Musalmanon ne sun liya aur wo sab Prophet ke paas aane lage. Jaise hi pehle 100 log Prophet ke paas aaye, unhone counter attack ka hukm diya. Yeh log Hawazin ke un logon ko jise Prophet ke paas sabse zyada nazdeek the, unko pichhe kar diya. Jaldi hi, jo Musalmanun ka jamaat ban gaya, usmei hazaron log shamil ho gaii. Jab Prophet ko laga ke ab kaafi taqat ikathi ho gayi hai, unhone ek general hamla ka hukm diya.

sirat ibn Hisham: Vol.2 pp. 443-5.

Is dafa Malik ko herat ka samna hua. Wo puri tarah se yakeen kar chuka tha ke jeet uski hogi, lekin ab usay apni apni fauj ke hamlay ka samna tha. Jang bohot hi shiddat se ladi gayi aur yehi wo cheez thi jo Musalman chaahte the, kyunki is qisam ke qareebi jang mei unka talwar chalane ka hunar unko dusre faujiyon se behtar banaata tha. Qareebi jang mei Musalmanon ka koi muqabla nahi tha. Dheere dheere Hawazin ko pichhe dhakel diya gaya aur jab Prophet (SAW) ne unke logon ko Musalmanon ke haath girte dekha, to unhone kaha, "Sach mei, mein Allah ka Rasool hoon, mein Abdul Muttalib ka beta hoon." Phir unhone apne saathiyon se kaha, "Ab tandoor garam ho gaya hai!"

Malik ko laga ke ab wo jang mei har raha hai aur usne apni peeche hatne ki mansuba banaya. Thaqeef abhi bhi apne jagah par the, jo Hawazin ke piche the. Malik ne Hawazin ko mehfoz tareeqe se peeche hata liya. Musalman aage badhe aur Thaqeef se takra gaii, jo ab Musalmanon se shiddat se maar khane lage. Jaldi hi, Thaqeef ne bhaag jana shuru kar diya, aur doosre qabeelay jo jang mei hissa nahi le rahe the, wo bhi bhaag gaii. Is dauran Malik ne Hawazin ko mehfoz jaga pass tak pohnchaya, jahan wo defensive jang ladh rahe the, takay unke parivar aur oont surakshit rahe.

Musalman na sirf ambush ka shock jhel chuke the balkay counter-attack karke apne position ko dobara hasil kar liya aur dushman ko battlefield se bhaga diya. Yeh ek tactical jeet thi, lekin aur kuch baqi tha.

Jab Musalman Thaqeef ke mare huey logon se unke hathiyar aur kapde utar rahe the, to ek dilchasp waqia hua. Ek Ansari jo Madinah se tha aur doosra Mugheera bin Shu'ba, jo Thaqeef qabeelay se tha. Thaqeef ke mare hue logon mei ek Christian ghulam tha jo apne malik ke saath maar gaya tha. Jab Ansari ne is ghulam ko utara, usne dekha ke wo ghulam circumcised nahi tha. Is khulaasay ko sun kar Mugheera bohot ghabraya aur usne Ansari se kaha, "Yeh mat kehna! Yeh insaan ek Christian ghulam tha."

Musalmanon ki fauj ab poori tarah se ikatha ho gayi thi, bas kuch jo bhaag gaye the, unko chhod kar. Prophet (SAW) ne apni faida mand position ko press karne ka faisla kiya. Unhone ek mazboot cavalry group tayar ki aur ise aage bheja takay Hawazin ko dubara apni position hasil karne ka mauka na mile. Yeh group kai contingents par mushtamil tha, jinmein Bani Sulaim bhi shamil the, jin par Hazrat Khalid ka phir se qaboo ho gaya tha.Hazrat Khalid ne apne ghabraye huee fauj ko ekatha kiya aur Zubair bin Al Awwam ke under yeh group pass par chadha gaya.

Jab tak Zubair ka group pass tak pohnch gaya, unhone Malik ko wahan se bhaga diya. Pura wadi ab Musalmanon ke qabzay mei aa gaya tha. Prophet (SAW) ne Zubair ke group ko pass par rakh diya aur ek aur group ko Abu Amir ke under Autas bheja, jo Hawazin ka camp tha. Jab Musalman Autas pohnchay, to bohot shiddat se jang hui. Abu Amir ne personal combat mein nau 9 logon ko maara, lekin dasween ne unhe maar diya, aur fir command Abu Musa ne sambhal li. Abu Musa ne jang ko jari rakha aur Hawazin ko bhaga diya.

Hawazin ka camp ab Musalmanon ke qabzay mei tha, aur yeh group Zubair ke cavalry group ke saath mil gaya, jisme Hazrat Khalid bhi samil tha.

Dushman ki coalition puri tarah se tut gayi thi. Hawazin aur doosre qabeelay apni apni bastiyon mei bhag gaii, jabke Thaqeef, jo Malik ke under tha, Taif pohnch gaya jahan unhone takraav karne ka faisla kiya.

Hunain ki jang ab khatam ho gayi thi. Is jang mei Musalmanon ka nuqsan bohot kam tha, kyunki Hawazin ki archery bohot bekaar thi. Kayyyi Musalman zakhmi hue, lekin sirf chaar 4 shaheed hue. Iska sabab Musalmanon ka behtareen hunar aur hausla tha, jiski wajah se unke mujahid teen ya chaar dushmanon se ladh kar unko maar rahe the. 70 kafir is jang mein marey, jinmein Duraid bhi shamil tha, jo pehle Musalmanon ko achi salah dene ke bawajood apni salah par amal nahi kar saka.

Hunain ki jang Musalmanon ke liye pehli dafa thi jab unhein ek badi ambush ka samna karna pada. Yeh jang ambush ka dusra waqia tha, jab puri fauj ko puri fauj ne ambush kiya (pehla waqia Hannibal ne Romans ke saath Lake Trasimene mein kiya tha 217 B.C. mein). Malik ne ek brilliant aur flawless plan banaya tha, lekin uski fauj ne utni achi tarah kaam nahi kiya jitna Malik ne socha tha. Agar Malik ki fauj behtar kaam karti, to wo jeet sakte thay, lekin unki fauj ki poor performance ne unke mission ko naakaam kar diya. Prophet (SAW) ki himmat aur Musalmanon ka apne leader par bharosa tha, jiski wajah se unhone defeat ko victory mei badal diya.

Yeh kaha gaya, “Ya Rasool Allah! Allah se dua karein ke Thaqif ki qabeela [Ta’if ke log] ke khilaf dua karein.” Unhone kaha, “Ya Allah! Thaqif ko hidayat de, aur unhein hamare paas le a.”

Rasool Allah ne Hunain mein dushman ko shikast dekar unhein Autas se bhaga diya tha. Ab unhone faisla kiya ke Malik bin Auf ko apni saans lene aur mazeed muqawamat ko organize karne ka waqt na diya jaye. Is liye unhone Autas se liye gaii asir aur jaanwaron ko Jirana bhej diya taake wo wahan tahraayein aur fauj ka wapsi tak unki hifazat ki ja sake. Aur agle din hi unhone Taif ki taraf rawana ho kar, jahan unhe bara muqawamat ka samna karna tha, safar shuru kiya. Lekin wo ehtiyat se chal rahe thay, kyun ke Hunain ke ambush ke nafrat an tajurba ke baad, wo nahi chahte thay ke fauj phir se kisi aur shikast mei phans jaye.

Ab yeh ilaqa pahaarhi tha, jismein unchaaiyan aur ridges thi jo Taif ke plateau tak jati thi; aur aise ilaaqay mein Malik jaise chalaki wale commander kahin bhi ambush laga sakte the.

Autas ko chhorh kar, Rasool Allah ne Nakhla ke Wadi se safar shuru kiya aur phir Wadi-ul-Muleih ki taraf morh gaii. Is wadi se wo Wadi-ul-Qarn mei aaye, aur is wadi ko follow karte hue, Taif ke plateau ke 7 mile north-west mei pohanch gaii . Ab tak Muslims ko koi muqawamat ka samna nahi hua tha aur scouts ne Taif ke aas-paas Thaqeef ke logon ka koi nishan nahi dikhaya tha; lekin Malik ko surprise dene ke liye, Rasool Allah ne apni raah badli.

Taif ke north ke mushkil ilaaqay ko cross karte hue, wo Taif ke purab ke ilaqay mein pohanch gaye, jo Nikhb aur Sadaira ke darmiyan tha. Yahan se unhone Taif ki taraf rawana ho kar, sheher ke pichay se unki taraf march kiya. Is safar mein, Hazrat Khalid ne phir se fauj ko lead kiya, aur Bani Sulaim ko advance guard ke tor par rakha.

Lekin Malik bin Auf, apni umar ke bawajood, aise aadmi nahi tha jo aasanai se fasa liya jaye. Hunain aur Autas mein Musalmanon se shikast ke baad, usne faisla kiya ke wo Musalmanon ke saath dobara khuli jang nahi karega; wo unse apne sharton par ladne wala tha. Is liye, usne apni fauj ko Taif ke qila mei band kar liya aur usay chand dinon ke liye long siege ke liye zaroori samaan jama kar liya. Yahan Thaqeef apne jawan aur bahadur general ke saath Musalmanon ke aane ka intezaar kar rahe the.

Musalman 5 February 630 (15 Shawwal, 8 Hijri) ko Taif pohnchay aur siege shuru kiya jo 18 din tak chalna tha. Taif pohnch kar, camp qila ke deewar ke bohot qareeb lagaya gaya, aur is galti ka anjaam Thaqeef ke tirandazon ne diya, jinhon ne camp par teer chalaye. Kuch Musalman shaheed ho gaye aur camp ko door shift kar diya gaya, jahan ab Ibn Abbas ki masjid hai. Musalmanon ko ab qile ke aas paas ghareeb kar diya gaya taake wo kisee bhi tareeqay se qila mein na ghus sakein aur na bhaag sakein; aur Hazrat Abu Bakr ko siege operations ka zimma diya gaya.

Zyada waqt, dono faujon ke darmiyan jang tirandazon tak simat gayi thi. Musalman qila ke qareeb pohanch kar Thaqeef ke tirandazon ko maarne ki koshish karte, lekin Thaqeef ko faida tha kyunki unke paas khula maidan tha jahan wo pichay hatne par apne aap ko protect kar lete. Is liye Musalman is jang mein nuqsan mein rahe aur bohot se zakhmi hue, jinmein Hazrat Abdullah, Hazrat Abu Bakr ka beta bhi shaamil tha, jo apne zakhmon ki wajah se baad mein shaheed ho gaya.

Is tarah kuch din guzar gaye. Makkah ke fatah ke baad, Rasool Allah ne do Musalmanon ko Yemen ke Jurash bheja tha, taake wo siege warfare ke bare mein sab kuch seekh sakein. Lekin ye dono Musalman siege ke dauran wapis nahi aaye, is liye wo siege mein kisi madad mein shamil nahi ho sakein. Lekin Salman Farsi, jaise ke wo Ditch ki jang mein Musalmanon ki madad kar chuke thay, is dafa bhi Musalmanon ki madad ke liye aaye. Ek Farsi hone ke nate, wo advanced warfare ke tareeqon se waaqif the. Unhone Musalmanon ko catapult banane ki salahiyat di aur isko istemal kar ke pathar qile ke andar daale. Lekin Musalman is kaam ke liye amateurs the aur catapult ka koi khaas asar nahi hua.

Salman ne phir testudo ka istemal karne ka socha. (Testudo ek bara shield hota tha, jo aam tor par lakri ya chamray ka hota, jiske neeche ek group assailants qile ke darwazay tak pohnch kar, ya to gate ko todte ya usay aag laga kar usko kaam se bahar kar dete). Salman ke instruction par, Musalmanon ne ek cowhide testudo banaya aur iske neeche chhup kar kuch Musalman Taif ke darwazay tak pohnch gaii, taake wo darwazay ko aag laga sakein. Lekin jab wo gate ke qareeb pohnchay, to Malik aur uske aadmiyon ne testudo par garam lohe ke tukde daale. Ye tukde testudo ko jalane lagay aur uske neeche maujood log dar gai, jis ke baad wo testudo ko chhorh kar bhag gaii. Jab wo bhag rahe thay, to Thaqeef ne un par teer chalaye aur unmein se ek ko maar diya.

Do haftay guzar chuke thay aur abhi bhi koi faisla nazar nahi aa raha tha. Thaqeef jang ke liye nahi niklay thay; Musalman bhi qile mei nahi ghus sakte thay. Har baar jab wo sheher ke qareeb jate, to Thaqeef ke tirandaz unhe bhaga dete. Ek din Abu Sufyan bhi sheher ki taraf ek sally mein shamil hue aur ek teer apki aankh mei laga, jiske baad wo aik aankh wale ho gaii.

Taif ke ilaqay mei, February mei bohot thand hoti hai, aur siege ke dauran mausam bhi kafi kharaab tha. Musalmanon ne Thaqeef ko jang ke liye nikalne par majboor karne ke liye Taif ke aas-paas ke baaghat nuksan pohnchane ki koshish ki; lekin Thaqeef apne qile ke andar hi surakshit rahe. Malik apna general hone ke nate jang ke liye itni mushkil sharaait mein jang nahi karna chahta tha jo Musalmanon ke haq mein hoti.

Akhirkar, Rasool Allah ne jang ke liye mashwaray ka intezaam kiya aur apne fauji officers se mashwara liya. Unme se ek ne kaha, "Jab aap kisi lomri ko uske suraakh mei phansay, agar aap usay lambi der tak wahan rakhain, to aap usay pakad lenge. Lekin agar aap usay uske suraakh mei chorh dein, to wo aap ko koi nuqsan nahi pohnchata."

Hazrat Abu Bakr ne Makkah wapis jane ka mashwara diya, aur Hazrat Umar ne bhi unse ittefaq kiya.

Rasool Allah Taif ke girne ka intezaar nahi kar sakte the, kyun ke unke paas aur bhi zaroori kaam the. Unhone faisla kiya ke siege khatam kar ke fauj Makkah wapis jaye. Lekin kuch garam khoon Musalman is faislay ke khilaf thay aur wo kehte the ke hum jeet kar hi wapis jayenge. "Phir aap kal hamla kar sakte hain," Rasool Allah ne kaha.

Agli subah, kuch jang mei shaamil hone wale Musalman phir se qile ke paas aaye taake usay jeet sakein, lekin Thaqeef ke tirandazon ne unhe bhari shikast di. Wo phir wapis aaye aur ek zyada practical nazariye se socha, aur Rasool Allah ke faislay ko man liya ke behtar hai ke hum lomri ko uske suraakh mein hi chorh dein.

23 February 630 (4 Dhul Qad, 8 Hijri) ko siege khatam kar diya gaya. Musalmanon ne 12 shaheed kiye thay aur kaafi zakhmi hue thay. Thaqeef ne apna dimaag nahi badla. Das mahine baad, is qabeela ne Islam ko apnaya aur apni imaan mei puri yaqeen rakhne laga.

Musalman 26 February ko Jirana pohnchay aur wahan Rasool Allah ne Autas se liye gaye ghaneemaat ka taqseem kiya. Makkah ke naye musalmanon ko ye dikhane ke liye ke unke Islam ko qabeela dene mei der karna koi farq nahi dalta, Rasool Allah ne unhe bhi ghaneemaat mei se hissa diya. Lekin jaise hi auraton, bachon aur jaanwaron ko Musalmanon mein taqseem kar diya gaya, ek delegation Hawazin ka Rasool Allah ke paas aaya aur kaha ke qabeela Islam ko apna chuka hai. "Kya aap humein wo cheezein wapis nahi de sakte jo humne jang mein khoi thi?" unhone darkhwast ki. Asal mei unke paas yeh haq nahi tha ke wo jo kuch khoya tha wapis maangte, kyun ke unhone yeh sab kufr ke doran khoa tha, lekin Rasool Allah ne apne ikhlaas se jawab diya. "Kya aapke liye aapki auratein aur bachay aapki maal-o-daulat se zyada qeemti hain?" unhone unse poocha. "Humein hamari auratein aur bachay wapis de dijiye aur baaki cheezein aap rakh sakte hain," unhone jawab diya.

Rasool Allah ne ab apni fauj se appeal ki ke wo Hawazin ke auraton aur bachon ko wapis kar dein. Har fauji ne Rasool Allah ki appeal par jawab diya aur apne paas jo asir thay, unko wapas kar diya, siwaaye Safwan bin Umayyah ke, jinhon ne apni ghaneemaat mei se jo larki thi, usay wapis karne se inkaar kar diya. Woh larki be-shak bohot khoobsurat rahi hogi!

Kuch din baad, Malik Taif se nikal kar Musalmanon ke camp mei aaya. Usne Islam apnaya aur Rasool Allah se bohot izzat paayi. Yeh afsos ki baat hai ke yeh zahanat aur bahaduri se bharpoor jawan baad mei kisi ahem Muslim jang mei hissa nahi le saka, kyon ke ismei aik aisa general banne ki poori salahiyat thi.

Rasool Allah aur Islam ki fauj ab Madinah wapis aaye, 630 ke aakhri hisse mei. Is tarah 8 Hijri ka saal khatam hota hai. Agla saal "Saala Delegations" ke naam se jaana gaya, kyun ke is saal Arabia ke aksar qabeelay Madinah aaye aur Islam ko apnaaya. Lekin sabhi delegates ya un qabeela ke chiefs jo unhe bhejte thay, sirf apne hawalay se waqif nahi thay, jaise hum baad mei dekhenge. Kuch ne sach mei haqeeqat ke talash mei Islam apnaya, aur kuch sirf siyasi wajah se aaye, kuch sirf curiosity ke liye aaye aur kuch bilkul sharmindagi ke liye aaye.

Note: Kuch manbaon ke mutabiq, Abu Sufyan ne apni aankh Yarmuk mein khoi thi, na ke Taif mein.

Ibn Hisham: Vol. 2, p. 489.

"… Aur tum dekho ge ke log Allah ke deen mein dhoondhte hue aa rahe hain, to apne Rabb ki hamd karo, aur usse maafi ki dua karo. Kyun ke woh bohot zyada maaf karne wala hai."
[Quran 110:2-3]

Hijri ke 9wey saal mei sirf ek bara safar Muslims ne kiya, woh tha Tabuk ka safar, jo ke Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) ne khud lead kiya. Yeh aik pur-sukoon safar sabit hua; lekin Hazrat Khalid har dafa kisi na kisi tashaddud aur musalsal jung ka hissa ban hi jatay thay.

630 ke lambe, garm garmiyon mei Madinah se reports aayi ke Romans ne Syria mein apni badi quwatain jama ki hain, aur unke aagey ka hisa Jordan mein pohnch gaya tha. Byzantine Emperor, Heraclius, khud Emessa mein tha.

October ke beech mein 630 (Rajab ke 15, 9 Hijri) Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) ne Muslims ko Romans se jang ke liye tayar hone ka hukm diya. Is safar ka maqsad sirf Romans se larna nahi tha, kyun ke woh kaam baad mei bhi ho sakta tha jab mausam behtar ho jata. Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) ka maqsad yeh bhi tha ke Muslims ke imaan ki imtihan lena, unko garmi ke is sakht mausam mei safar karne par majboor karna. Sirf asal mumineen hi is safar mei shamil ho kar jawab dete.

Aur asal mumineen ne jawab diya. Zyada tar Muslims ne is paigham ka khushi se jawab diya aur safar ki tayari shuru kar di; lekin kuch ne is jang par ikhlaas nahi dikhaya. October ke is garm mahine mei, khajoor ke baagon ka thanda saaya unke liye bhi bohot tempting tha. Log sirf iss ummed mein rehte ke garmi ki shiddat khatam ho aur araam se rest kar sakein. Munafiq log jaise ke hamesha, Muslims ko is safar mei shamil hone se rokte rahe aur takleef deti rahe, lekin iss dafa kuch zyada achay Muslims bhi is safar mei rukhne ka soch rahe thay.

Late October 630 (Rajab ke beech, 9 Hijri) ko Muslims ne Tabuk ka safar shuru kiya. Yeh wo sabse bara fauj thi jo Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) ke anday mein jama hui thi. Is fauj mein Madinah, Makkah, aur wo sari qabeelay shamil thay jo Islam ko apna chuke thay. Ek manba ke mutabiq is fauj ki taadaad 30,000 jangju thi, jisme 10,000 sawar bhi thay, lekin yeh shaayad bohot zyada hai.

Tabuk pohanch kar Muslims ko pata chala ke Romans ne apni quwat Jordan se Damascus tak wapas kar li thi. Aagey badhne ki koi zarurat nahi thi. Lekin Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) ne faisla kiya ke is ilaqay ke qabeelay ko apne hukoomati daboo mei laayen aur Islam ki siyasi qaboo'iyat ko badhayein. Is ilaqay ke zaroori maqamaat Eila (aaj ke Aqaba ke qareeb), Jarba, Azruh aur Maqna thay, jo Gulf of Aqaba ke saath hain. (Aakhirat ki manzilaat ke liye maps dekhain.)

Hazrat Khalid ko ek important ilaqay, Daumat-ul-Jandal (jo ab Al Jauf hai), par chhupa dena tha, jo Kinda qabeelay ke Ukaidar bin Abdul Malik ka hukoomat thi, jo shikar ka shaukeen tha. Daumat-ul-Jandal ko qaboo karne ke liye Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) ne Hazrat Khalid ko 400 sawaron ke saath bheja, aur kaha "Tumhe shaayad wahan shikar karte hue Ukaidar milay ga".

Hazrat Khalid late November 630 (Shaban ke beech, 9 Hijri) ko Daumat-ul-Jandal ki deewaron ke qareeb aik roshan chandni raat mei pohanch gaii. Jese hi unho ney apni fauj ko town ke aas-paas march kiya, darwazay khul gaii aur Ukaidar apne dostoon ke sath, shikar ke liye nikal aaye. Shayad din ke garmi se thoda sa thanda hone ka faida uthate hue Ukaidar ne chandni ki roshni mei shikar karne ka faisla kiya tha. Hazrat Khalid ne apne kuch logon ke saath daur karte hue shikar karne walay safar par hamla kiya. Hazrat Khalid ne khud Ukaidar par hamla karte hue usay uske ghode se gira diya, aur uske sath baaqi shikar karne walon ko maar dala. Ukaidar ka bhai, Hassaan, qaboo mein aane se inkaar kar gaya aur shaheed ho gaya; baaqi shikar karte hue ghode par baith kar qila ke andar bhag gai.

Hazrat Khalid ne ab apne qabile darbandi ke saath Tabuk ki taraf wapas laut kar Ukaidar ko Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) ke paas bheja. Ukaidar ne Prophet ke saath apna pact kiya, apni khudai raaj ke liye bhari ransom diya aur Jizya ka intezaar kiya.

Is ke baad, Muslims ne Tabuk ka safar khatam kar liya aur Madinah ke liye wapis raaste par lag gaye. Yeh safar December 630 ke darmiyan khatam hua, jab mausam bohot sukoon bhara ho gaya tha. Tabuk ke baad Prophet ki zindagi mei koi bari jang nahi hui.