(Hazrat) Khalid Bin Al-Waleed: “Jahiliyat mei behtareen log Islam mei bhi behtareen hain, agar unhein samajh ho.”
(Nabi-e-Kareem ﷺ)
(Hazrat) Khalid aur wo lamba larka ek dusre ko ghuur kar dekh rahe thay. Dheere dheere dono ghoomte huye ek ghoole mein chalne lage, ek dusre ki chalaki aur chaal ko samajhne ki koshish karte huey. Unke beech nafrat nahi thi, balke sirf ek sakht mukablay ki jazbaat aur jitne ka pakka irada tha. Hazrat Khalid ko ehtiyaat baratni padh rahi thi, kyun ke wo lamba larka baayn-hath ka tha, aur baayn-hathon ka advantage mukablay mei hamesha unke saath hota hai.
Arab ke ladkon mei kushti ek pasandida mashghala tha, aur aksar wo ek dusre se ladte rehte the. Ye mukable kisi hasad ya dushmani par mabni nahi hote the; ye ek sport tha jo Arab ke mard ke shan ke liye zaroori samjha jata tha. Lekin ye dono larke apne umar ke sabse mazboot aur taqatwar leader the, aur ye mukabla kuch aise hi tha jaise aaj ke zamane ka heavyweight title fight.
Dono ke beech umar ka fark nahi tha, aur wo abhi apne early teens mei the. Dono lamboon aur chust badan wale the, aur unke kandho aur baazon ke naye bane hue pathon suraj ki roshni mei chamak rahe the. Wo lamba larka Hazrat Khalid se lagbhag ek inch zyada lamba tha. Aur unka chehra itna milta-julta tha ke log aksar ek ko doosre ka bhoola karte.
Hazrat Khalid ne us lamba larke ko gira diya. Lekin ye girna aam girne jaisa nahi tha. Jab wo lamba larka gira, to ek zor ka crack suna gaya, aur ek pal baad uski tedi-meydi tango se saaf pata chal gaya ke haddi toot gayi thi. Zakhmi larka zameen par be-harkat lete raha, aur Hazrat Khalid ne apne dost aur bhatije ki tooti hui tang ko dekh kar shock mei dekha. (Wo lamba larka, Umar bin Khattab tha, jinki maa Hantamah bint Hisham Hazrat Khalid ki pehli cousin thi.)
Waqt ke saath chot theek ho gayi, aur us larke ki tang wapas mazboot aur tandrust ban gayi. Usne phir kushti karna shuru kiya aur behtareen pehalwano mei shamil ho gaya. Dono larke dost banay rahe. Lekin dono apni fitrat mei zabardast, taqatwar aur jazbati the, lekin kisi mei sabr aur narami ki kami thi. Aksar wo dono jo kuch bhi karte, ek dusre se mukabala karte rehte.
(Hazrat Khalid aur Umar ka yahaan zikr yaad rakhna chahiye, kyun ke ye lamba larka Hazrat Khalid ki zindagi mei ek aham kirdar ada karega.)
Hazrat Khalid ke paida hone ke baad unhein apni maa se door, ek Bedouin qabeela ke saath bheja gaya, jaise ke us waqt ke Quraish ke ache gharano ka rivaaj tha. Ek doodh pilane wali ma unke liye talaash ki gayi jo unka dhyan rakh sake.
Registan ke saaf aur khushk hawa mei, Hazrat Khalid ke shandaar taqat aur sehat ki buniyad rakhi gayi jo unke poori zindagi mei sath rahegi. Registan ka mahol unhein suit karta tha, aur wo wahan apne aap ko ghar jaisa mehsoos karte the. Jab Hazrat Khalid 5 ya 6 saal ke hue, to unhein unke asli ghar Makkah le aya gaya.
Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed (RA) ke bachpan meii ek dafa unhein chechak (smallpox) ka hamla hua, lekin ye bohot halka tha aur kisi qisam ka nuqsan nahi pohancha. Sirf unke chehre par chhoti si nishaniyan rah gayin, jo unke shandar aur purjosh Chehre ko kharab nahi kar saki. Unka chehra apni purjosh shakhsiyat ki wajah se Arabia ki khoobsurat auraton ke dil jeet leta tha, lekin is wajah se kabhi kabhi unhein khud bhi museebaton ka samna karna padta tha.
Note from writer: Chechak (smallpox) ek viral bimari hai jo insaan ke jild par daag ya pholay daalti hai. Yeh bimari aksar jangli ya zyada purani hoti thi aur isme khas tor par jild par laal daagh ya pholay nikalte hain, jo baad mei scabs ya dandiyon mei badal jate hain. Chechak ka virus insan ke jism mein ikhtilaf kar ke bohot mushkilat paida karta tha, lekin aaj kal is bimari ka ilaj available hai aur yeh world mein bohot kam ho gayi hai, kyunki iske liye vaccine develop ho gayi hai.
Woh bacha dheere dheere ladka ban gaya, aur jab unhone boyhood ki umar mei qadam rakha, to unhein fakhr ke sath ehsaas hua ke wo ek sardaar ke bete hain. Unke walid, Al-Waleed, Quraish ke bohot azeem qabile, Banu Makhzum, ke sardaar the. Makkah mei unhein Al-Waheed (Yaktaye Mazhab) ke laqab se bhi pukara jata tha.
Ab Hazrat Khalid ki tarbiyat unke walid ne apne zimme le li, jo unhein Arab mardangi ki sari khasiyatain sikhanay mei kaamiyab rahe: himmat, larai ki maharat, sakhti aur sakhi-pan. Al-Waleed apne khandan aur apne aslaaf par bohot fakhr karte the aur Hazrat Khalid ko unka nasab bataya karte:
Khalid
bin Al-Waleed
bin Al-Mugheerah
bin Abdullah
bin Umar
bin Makhzum (jin ke naam par qabeela Banu Makhzum tha)
bin Yaqza
bin Murra
bin Kab
bin Luwayy
bin Ghalib
bin Fihr
bin Malik
bin Al-Nazr
bin Kinana
bin Khuzeima
bin Mudrika
bin Ilyas
bin Muzar
bin Nizar
bin Ma'add
bin Adnan
Phir nasab aur agey barhta hai:
Udd
Muqawwam
Nahur
Teirah
Ya'rub
Yashjub
Nabit
bin Isma'il (Arab ke baap ke tor par dekhe jate hain)
bin Ibrahim (Nabi)
bin Azar
bin Nahur
bin Sarugh (ya Asragh)
bin Arghu
bin Falakh
bin Eibar
bin Shalakh
bin Arfakhshaz
bin Saam
bin Noah (Nabi)
bin Lamk
bin Mattushalakh
bin Idris (Nabi)
bin Yard
bin Muhla'il
bin Qeinan
bin Anush
bin Sheis
bin Adam (Insaniyat ke baap).
Ye silsila nasab unka taalluq un azmaton se jodta hai jo Nabi Ibrahim (AS) aur Nabi Adam (AS) tak pohanchti hai.
Bukhari, Abu Hurayrah se. Sahih Al-Jami’ Al-Saghir No. 3267
Quraish ka azeem qabeela jo Makkah mei rehta tha, usne apne mukhtalif clans ke darmiyan farq aur zimmedariyon ka ek wazeh nizam banaya hua tha. Quraish ke teen bade clans the: Bani Hashim, Bani Abduddar (jisme Bani Umayyah bhi shamil thi), aur Bani Makhzum. Bani Makhzum jangon ke mamlaat ka zimma uthata tha. Yeh qabeela horses ko jang ke liye tayar karta tha, expeditions ke liye tayaari aur provisions ka intezam karta tha; aur aksar yeh officers bhi farahm karta tha jo Quraish ke groups ko jang mein le jaate the. Bani Makhzum ka yeh kirdar woh mahaol tha jisme Hazrat Khalid ka bachpan guzra.
Abhi bachpaney mei hi unhey sawari sikhayi gayi thi. Makhzumi hone ke nate, unhey ek behtareen rider banna tha aur jaldi hi usne sawari ke hunar mei maharat hasil kar li. Magar sirf trained horses par sawari karna kaafi nahi tha; unhay har kisam ke ghodon par sawari karni aani chahiye thi. unhey naye, be-taleem colts diye jaate the aur usko unhein train kar ke ek achha aur obedient war horse banana padta tha. Bani Makhzum Arabia ke behtareen horsemen mei shumar hote the, aur Hazrat Khalid bhi Bani Makhzum ke behtareen horsemen mei shamil ho gaii. Iske ilawa, koi bhi Arab achha rider nahi samjha jaata agar usay ghode hi aate ho, usay camel bhi chalana aana chahiye tha, kyunki dono janwar Arab ke jang mei zaroori the. Ghoda jang ke liye use hota tha, aur oont lambi safaron ke liye, jahan ghode ko mount kar ke nahi chalaya jaata tha.
Sawari ke saath-saath, Hazrat Khalid ne jang ke skills bhi seekhe. Unhey har kisam ke hathiyar istemal karna seekha—lathi, lance, teer aur talwar. unho ney ghode par aur zameen par ladna seekha. Jab ke wo tamam hathiyaron mei mahir ho gaii, lekin jo hathiyar unke liye fit the, wo tha lance, jo ghode par daudte hue istemal hota tha, aur talwar, jo mounted aur dismounted duels mei istemal hoti thi. Talwar ko Arabs ne chivalry ka hathiyar mana tha, kyunki is hathiyar ke zariye aap apne dushman ke bilkul qareeb ja kar ladte hain; aur talwar ki jang mei survival aapki taqat aur skill par depend karti thi, na ke apne dushman se door reh kar. Talwar sabse zyada bharosemand hathiyar samjhi jaati thi.
Jaise-jaise Hazrat Khalid jawani ki taraf barh rahay thay, unki lambai bhi ziada ho gayi—chhati se zyada faasla, aur uska jism, jo pehle kaafi patla tha, ab mazboot aur athletic ho gaya tha. Uki daadhi bhi puri aur ghanay hoti gayi. Apni achi physique, mazboot shakhsiyat, aur sawari aur hathiyar chalane mei mahir hone ki wajah se wo jaldi hi Makkah mei ek mashhoor aur admireshnable shakhsiyat ban gaii. Pehelwani mei bhi unho ney apni maharat ko barhaya, apne taqat ke saath skill ko combine kar ke wo pehelwanon ke darmiyan kaafi aage barh gaiii.
Arabs ke gharanay badhey hote the, aur walid aksar apni naslon ko barhane ke liye kayi Aurton se shaadi (Nikkah) karte the. Al Waleed chhe bhaiyon mei se aik thay. (Shayad isse zyada bhi thay, lekin sirf chhe ka naam record kiya gaya hai). Aur Al Waleed ke bachon mei se jo humein maloom hain, wo paanch bete aur do betiyan thi. Bete the Hazrat Khalid, Waleed (jo apne walid ke naam par rakha gaya), Hisham, Ammarah aur Abdu Shams. Betiyan thi Faktah aur Fatimah.
Al Waleed ek daulatmand shakhs thay. Is liye Hazrat Khalid ko apni rozi kamaane ke liye kaam karne ki zaroorat nahi thi aur wo apne time kaafi had tak riding aur jang ke hunar seekhne mein laga rehtay thay. Is daulatmandi ki wajah se Hazrat Khalid ka dimaagh khudgarzi aur kharch karne ki taraf gaya aur wo apne kharchon aur madad ke liye aaye har shakhs ko puri tawajjo detay. Yeh unki madad aur kharch karnay ki aadat aage chal kar unke liye mushkilat ka sabab bani.
Al Waleed daulatmand tha, lekin Quraish kaafi democratic log the aur har shakhs se kuch na kuch kaam kiya jata tha, chahe wo maal-o-daulat ke liye ho ya sirf apni community ka ek mufeed member ban ne ke liye. Al Waleed jo ke aik bara number of employees ko hire karta aur unhein paise deta, apne free time mei bhi kaam karta tha. Uske free time mei wo aik loha garh aur butcher (goat slaughter karne wala) bhi tha, jo qabeelay ke liye jaanwar zibah karta tha. Wo aik trader bhi tha aur doosre clans ke saath mil kar trade caravans bhi bhejta tha jo neighboring mulkon ko jate the. Kayi dafa Hazrat Khalid bhi Syria ke trade caravans ke saath gaiii aur wahan ke bade trading shehron ko dekha, jo Rome ka hissa the. Yahan wo Christian Arabs (Ghassan ke), Persians (Ctesiphon se), Copts (Misr se) aur Byzantine Romans se miltay thay.
Hazrat Khalid ke kayi dost bhi the, jin ke saath wo apne bhaiyon ki tarah sawari kartay aur shikar par jatay. Jab wo bahar nahi hotay thay, to wo sha'eri sunatay, nasabnama (genealogies) yaad karta aur sharaab peetay thay. In doston mein se kuch, jo Hazrat Khalid ke liye zaroori the aur is kahani mei unka zikr hona chahiye, wo the Umar, Amr bin Al-Aas aur Abul Hakam. Abul Hakam ka asli naam Amr bin Hisham bin Al Mugheerah tha, lekin baad mei wo ek aur naam se mashhoor hoga: Abu Jahl. Wo Khalid ke elder cousin the. Aur Abul Hakam ka beta Ikrimah, jo Khalid ka favourite bhatija aur gehra dost thay.
Al Waleed sirf apne betey kay walid aur mentor nahi thay, balki unkay military instructor bhi thay, aur Hazrat Khalid ko jang ke hunar ka pehla sabak usne apne walid se hi seekha. Usne seekha ke kaise registan mei jaldi se safar kiya jata hai, kaise dushman ke bastion tak pohoncha jata hai, aur kaise us par hamla kiya jata hai. Usne yeh bhi seekha ke dushman ko bekaar waqt par shikar banana, usse hairaan aur kaam se kaam waqt mei attack karna, aur agar wo bhag jaye to uska peecha karna zaroori hai. Yeh jang ka tareeqa qabeelai tha, lekin Arabs ko is baat ka achha khayal tha ke speed, mobility aur surprise ka kitna faida hota hai. Is liye qabeelai jang aksar offensive tactics par mabni hoti thi.
Jab Hazrat Khalid jawani ki umar tak pohonch gaii, to uska sabse bara shauq jang ban gaya aur yeh jaldi hi uska obsession ban gaya. Hazrat Khalid ke khayal sirf jang ke the, aur unki khwahish thi ke wo har jang jeete. Uske jazbaat shiddat se bhare hue the aur uska poora mental make-up (mindset) military thay. Wo kabhi sochtay tha ke wo badhey jangon mei hissa legay aur baray fatah hasil karegay, aur hamesha wo khud ko champion samajhtay thay—jo har kisam ke tareef ka mustahiq ho. Uhno ny apne aap se wada kiya tha ke wo jang laye gaii, wo fatah hasil karega aur khoon bahut karega. Aur unko nahi pata tha ke taqdeer bhi Khalid, Al Waleed ke bete ke liye kuch aise hi plans bana rahi thi.
1. Ibn Qutaibah: p. 575.
2. Ibn Rusta: p. 215.
The New Faith
"Yeh wo hai jis ne apne Rasool ko hidayat aur sachay deen ke saath bheja, taake usay tamam deenon par ghalib kar de, aur Allah sab se kaafi gawah hai."
[Quran 48:28]
He is the One Who has sent His Messenger with ˹right˺ guidance and the religion of truth, making it prevail over all others. And sufficient is Allah as a Witness.
هُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَرْسَلَ رَسُولَهُۥ بِٱلْهُدَىٰ وَدِينِ ٱلْحَقِّ لِيُظْهِرَهُۥ عَلَى ٱلدِّينِ كُلِّهِۦ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ شَهِيدًۭا ٢٨
Ek arabi shakhs, jo Makkah ke raat ke rastey par aksar soch mei gumtey rehtay thay, ek aise kisam ky shakhs thay jo ab itna daulatmand nahi thay, lekin Bani Hashim ke azeem qabeelay ky aik member thay. Wo aik puri tarah se khoobsurat, darja-e-ustaad kay shakhs thay jo darmiyani qadd aur chorhey mazboot kandhon walay thay.
Is arabi shakhs ke liye Arabon ki zindagi kaafi dukh bhari thi. Har jagah usne tabahi ke nishan dekhe—the gareeb aur madad ke liye be-halaat logon par ho rahi na-insafi, be-wajah khoon-khawaari, aur auraton ke sath woh be-inteha nainsafi jo unhein ek gharelu janwar samajhne tak ki baat thi. Jab bhi usne suna ke kisi be-naam aurat ko zindagi se maar diya gaya, to unka dil kaafi dukh se bhar jatay.
Kuch arab qabeelo ne aik qatl ka bohot he khatarnaak aur ghinona riwayat bana rakhi thi, jismein wo apni betiyon ko maar daitey the. Wo apni beti ko 5-6 saal tak normal tareeqe se badhaatey, aur phir usay ek tareeqe se apni mazaq aur shauq ke liye maar dete the. Baap apni beti ko le kar kisi sehra ya kabristan ke rastey le jata tha, jahan pe uska qabar tayar hota tha. Beti be khabar hoti thi, aur apne walid ki taraf dekhti thi, samajhti thi ke wo usay picnic par le kar gaiii hai. Baap usay kabristan ke kinare par khada kar ke zameen mein daal deta tha aur jab woh beti apni madad ke liye cheekhti thi, to baap usay pathar maar kar uski jaan le leta. Phir wo zameen bhar kar ghar laut jata. Yeh riwayat puray Arabon mei nahi thi, magar kuch sehra ke qabeelon mei hota tha aur jo yeh karte thay unko baad mei log aise ghareeb aur saday manasik halat wale samajhte the.
Makkah ke kabah mei jo idols thay, unka bhi aik purana dikhawa tha. Kabah ko Hazrat Ibrahim ne Allah ka ghar banaya tha lekin usko ghalat tor par lakri aur pathar ke deewaron se bhar diya gaya tha. Arab log in pathar aur lakri ke devtaon ko khush karne ke liye qurbaniyan dete thay aur unhein maante thay ke agar yeh devta naraz ho jayein, to insaan ko nuksan pohnchate hain, aur agar khush ho jayein to insaan ko faida milta hai. Makkah ke aas-paas 360 idols thay jin mei se sab se zyada ibadat Hubal, Uzza aur Lat ki hoti thi. Hubal jo Arabon ke devtaon mein sab se bara tha, aur ek laal agate ka bana hota tha. Makkah walon ne is idol ko Syria se import kiya tha lekin iska ek haath nahi tha, is liye unhone sona laga kar uska haath bana diya tha.
Arabon ke mazhab mei ek ajeeb milajula tasavvur tha—wo Allah ko Creator aur Rabb samajhte thay, lekin saath hi saath in devtaon ko bhi Allah ke bacho aur betiyon ke taur par samajhte thay. Allah ko wo apne council ka president samajhte thay, aur baaki devta uski jamaat ke members, jo supernatural powers rakhte thay lekin Allah ke under the. Log Hubal, Uzza ya kisi aur devta ke naam par qasam khate thay, aur Allah ke naam par bhi qasam khate thay. Wo apne beton ko Abdul Uzza (Uzza ke ghulam) ya Abdullah (Allah ke ghulam) rakhte thay.
Yeh kehna galat nahi hoga ke unke tareeqe-e-zindagi mei sab kuch galat nahi tha. Unke tareeqe-e-zindagi mei bohot si khoobsurati thi aur bohot si aise qualities thi jo aaj bhi humaray liye laayak aur qabil-e-tareef hoti. Arabon ke andar aik zinda-dili thi, meheman-nawazi thi, aur apni aur apni qabeelay ki izzat ka ehsaas tha. Unmein badla lena aur khoon khandan se khoon ke beech kaafi zyada tha, lekin isko samajhna aur samajh lena zaroori tha, kyunki wo aik qabeelai muashra tha jahan koi centralized hukoomat nahi thi. Is liye tribal badla aur personal retaliation aik zaroorat thi taake aman aur hadood ka imaan rakha ja sake.
Jo shakhs hum ne thora upar ki shuruat mein zikar kiya hai, wo har saal aik mahine ke liye Makkah ke paas aik pahadi ki aik gufa mei chala jatay thay. Wahan wo apne waqt ko soch-vichar mei guzarne deta tha aur apne andar kuch intezaar kartay thay, lekin unhey pata nahi tha ke wo kis cheez ka intezaar kar rahay thay. Phir aik din, jab wo gufa mei soch rahay thay, to achanak usay aik mehsoos hota hai ke koi haazir hai. Wo kisi ko nahi dekh sakta tha, na koi awaaz sunai de rahi thi, magar wo mehsoos kartay thay ke koi wahan hai. Phir aik awaaz aayi, "Padh!"
Is taqreeb ko dekh kar, Arabi ne hairat se kaha, "Main kya padhoon?" Awaaz ne zyada zor se kaha, "Padho!" Phir unhoney dobara kaha, "Main kya padhoon?" Awaaz ab thodi dar se aayi, aur kaafi sakhti se kaha, "Padho!" Phir awaaz ne halki aur narm awaz mei kaha:
"Padho apne Rab ke naam se, jis ne paida kiya,
Insaan ko ek 'alaqah' se paida kiya.
Padho, aur yeh aapka Rab hai jo bade meherbaan hai,
Jis ne qalam ke zariye ilm diya,
Aur insaan ko woh cheez seekhai jo usse maloom nahi thi."
[Quran 95: 1-5]
Yeh 610 CE ke August ke mahine ki ek Monday ki raat thi. Duniya kabhi bhi waise nahi rahi, kyunke Muhammad (SAWS) ko pehli wahi mil gayi thi. Ek nayi mazhab ka aaghaz hua.
Teen saal tak Prophet ne khamoshi se wahi ko apne andar liya, phir unhe hukm diya gaya ke wo Allah ke deen ka paigham dusron tak pohchayein, aur unhone apne ghar walon aur apne qabeelay se shuruat ki. Lekin zyada tar logon ny is naye mazhab ka mazak udaaya aur uski tawaqoof ki.
Ek din Prophet (SAWS) ne apne qareebi rishtedaron ko apne ghar daawat di aur unhe achi dawat di. Iska maqsad yeh tha ke unhe ek jaga ikatha karke unko apna paigham sunane ka mauqa mile. Daawat achi tarah se tayar ki gayi aur mehmaan ne shauq se khana khaya. Phir Prophet (SAWS) ne apne mehmaanon se kaha, "O Bani Abdul Muttalib! Allah ki kasam, main nahin jaanta ke koi aur aadmi aapke paas aise paigham ke saath aaya ho jo main aapko de kar laaya hoon. Main aapko is duniya aur aakhirat ka behtareen paigham de kar laaya hoon. Allah ne mujhe apne paas bulaane ka hukm diya hai. Kaun mera madadgar banega aur mera bhai aur naib hoga?"
Us puri mehfil mei sab ne khamoshi ikhtiyar kar li, koi bhi jawab nahi diya, har shakhs doosron ki taraf dekh raha tha ke koi is aadmi ka saath dega ya nahi. Phir ek patla, sa ladka jo apni daamaani mei tha, khada ho gaya aur apni awaaz mei, jo ab tak badli nahi thi, bola, "Main, O Allah ke Rasool, aapka madadgar banunga!"
Is par mehmaanon ki taraf se zordaar hansi aayi, jo us waqt bohot ajeeb aur beizzat nazar aayi, aur sab uth kar chal diye. Lekin woh ladka in sab baaton se beparwah tha, aur agle hi lamhe Prophet (SAWS) ne usay apne gaaly se laga liya aur kaha, "Yeh mera bhai aur naib hai." Woh ladka Prophet (SAWS) ka cousin, Ali, Abu Talib ka beta tha. Aur yeh pehla mard tha jo Prophet (SAWS) ke haath se Islam ko apnaya.
Dheere dheere haq ka paigham phailne laga, aur kuch shakhsiyat, zyada tar jawaan ya kamzor aur majboor log, naye mazhab ko qubool karte gaii. Unki taadaad kam thi lekin unka hosla bohot zyada tha. Prophet (SAWS) ka Paigham phailta gaya. Quraish ki taraf se jo tawaqoof aur gaaliyan unko di gayi thi, unke bawajood, Prophet (SAWS) sachay Khuda ki ibadat aur tawhid ki taraf bulate.
Jaise-jaise unke kaam ka daaira barhta gaya, Quraish ki taraf se unki mukhalfat bhi zyada aur zyada shiddat ikhtiyar karti gayi. Is mukhalfat ki qiyadat khaas tor par char mardon ne ki thi: Abu Sufyan (jo ke Sakhr bin Harb ka asli naam tha aur Bani Umayyah ke leader thay), Al Waleed (jo Khalid ke walid thay), Abu Lahab (jo Prophet (SAWS) ke uncle thay) aur Abul Hakam. Pehle aur aakhri shakhs ke baare mei hum is site mei zyada sunenge.
Abu Sufyan aur Al Waleed wo shakhsiyat thy jo apni izzat aur apne mann ki shaanaas rakhty thy. Jabke unhone Prophet (SAWS) ke khilaaf muqabla kiya, lekin unhone apni izzat ko haani nahi pohanchayi, na hi koi badtameezi ya violence apnaayi. Al Waleed ki pehli reaction yeh thi ke woh apni izzat ke liye tang ho gaye thay. "Kya Hazrat Muhammad ko nabuwat mil rahi hai," woh ghusse mei kaha, "jabke mein, Quraish ka sabse bara aur unka buzurg hoon, mujhe kuch nahi diya jaa raha? Aur Abu Masud jo Saqeef ke chief hain, yeh bhi nahi hain. Hum dono shahron ke sabse azeem hain." Yeh purana aur taweel shakhs apni duniya mei rehta tha jahan har cheez ka ta'alluq sirf nasab aur paidaish ki izzat se tha. Woh Prophet (SAWS) ke saath na insaafi kar rahay thay, kyunki Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) ki nasab bhi uski apni nasab ke barabar thi, aur Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) ka khandaan unse kahin zyada izzat daar tha. Asal mein, Prophet (SAWS) ka dada Abdul Muttalib Makkah ke Quraish k chief thay.
Tabari: Vol. 2, p. 63;
Ibn Sad: Vol. 1, p. 171.
2. Ibn Hisham: Vol. 1, p. 245;
Tabari: Vol. 2, p. 56.
Masudi: Muruj; Vol. 2, p. 283.
3. Ibn Hisham: Vol. 1, p. 361.
Quran 95:1-5
Ibn Hisham ke mutabiq, Al Waleed ke is bayan ke hawalay se Qurani ayat nazil hui thi: "Aur wo kehte hain: Agar yeh Quran Pak dono bade shehron mei se kisi aadmi par nazil hota!" [Quran 43:31]. Dono shehray Makkah aur Taif thay. Aur ek aur Qurani ayat bhi hai jo Al Waleed ke hawalay se nazil hui, jo jaise ke hum ne pehle Zikar kiya tha, "Al Waheed" (Jo Aik hai) ke naam se jaana jaata tha. Is ayat mei kaha gaya: "Mujhe us se chhorh do jise maine Waheed banaya; aur usay kaafi maal diya; aur uske saath unke beeta bhi hain, aur uske liye zindagi ko asaan bana diya. Phir bhi wo chahta hai ke main usay aur duoon. Bilkul nahi, wo hamari ayaton ke baare mein jhagadta hai. Main uspar ek darnaak azaab daaloon ga..." [Quran 74:11-17, 21-26].
Is ki tafseer bataney k baad mein agey continue krongi is reference ko smjhna zrori hai
(74:11) Mujhe usse chhorh do jise maine akela banaya hai,
(74:12) jise maine daulat se nawaza hai,
(74:13) aur jo apne saath hamesha apne bete rakhta hai,
(74:14) aur jiske liye maine har cheez asaan ki hai (taake wo taqat aur daulat hasil kare),
(74:15) aur jo ab bhi chahta hai ke main usko aur de doon.
(74:16) Bilkul nahi; wo hamari nishaniyon ka inkaar karta hai.
(74:17) Main usse jaldi ek mushkil raste par le jaaunga.
(74:18) Usne socha aur phir ek chaal chalni shuru ki.
(74:19) Tabahi usay apni chaal ke saath pakad le, kaise usne chaal chalna shuru ki?
(74:20) Phir tabahi usay apni chaal ke saath pakad le, kaise usne chaal chalna shuru ki?
(74:21) Usne (doosron ki taraf dekha);
(74:22) phir wo jhuka aur ghussa kiya;
(74:23) phir wo peechay hato aur garur se bhar gaya,
(74:24) aur kaha: “Yeh (Quran) sirf purani jaadu hai;
(74:25) yeh toh bas ek insaan ka lafz hai!”
(74:26) Main usay jald hi jahannum mein bhunkaunga.
Tafseer
10. Ye hukm Prophet (SAWS) ko diya gaya hai, aur Allah keh rahay hai: "Aap Walid bin Mughirah ka mamla mujhpar chhorh dein. Usne kafiron ke ek mushawarat mei yeh kaha tha ke aapko Makkah ke safar par aane wale logon ke beech jaadu karne wala bataya jaye. Main Walid ko sabak sikhaunga, aapko is mamle mei fikr karne ki zaroorat nahi.
Is bayan ka do matlab ho sakte hain, dono sahi hain: (i) Jab Allah ne Walid ko paida kiya tha, wo kisi daulat, bachon, ya baray maqam ke saath nahi paida hota. (ii) Allah hi ne Walid ko paida kiya, aur jo jhoote devaata thay, jinke liye wo Prophet (SAWS) ke mission ka dushman tha, unka Allah se koi ta'alluq nahi tha.
Walid ke barah (12) bete the. Unmein se, Hazrat Khalid bin Walid history mei sab se mashhoor huay. Unke bete "shahud" ke taur par diye gaye hain, jo yeh matlab rakhte hain: (i) Unko apne liye rozi kamaane ke liye kisi mushkilat ka samna nahi karna padta, kyunki wo itni daulat mein hai ke hamesha apne walid ke saath rehte hain, madad ke liye tayaar hote hain. (ii) Unke tamam bete mashhoor aur mu'athar hain, aur unka apne walid ke saath har jamaat aur mulaqat mei hissa hota hai. (iii) Unke bete apni a'ala maqaam ki wajah se har qisam ke maamlaat mein "shahud" (gawahi dene wale) samjhe jaate hain.
Uska lalach kabhi puri nahi hoti. Chahe uske paas har cheez ho, wo ab bhi chahta hai ke Allah usay aur de. Hasan al-Basri aur doosre ulama ke mutabiq, iska matlab yeh hai ke Walid yeh daawa karta tha ke agar Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) ka bayan zindagi ke baad ki zindagi aur Jannat ke baare mei sahi hai, toh woh Jannat usi ke liye tayar ki gayi hai.
Yeh bayan uss mushawarat ki taraf ishara kar raha hai jo kufaar ne ki thi, aur jo is Surah ke muqaddimay mei bayan ki gayi hai. Is mushawarat ke nateeje mei, Walid ne apne dil mei yeh yaqeen kar liya tha ke Qur'an waqai Allah ka Kalam hai. Lekin apne logon mei apni izzat aur maqam ko bachane ke liye, wo Islam ko qabool karne ke liye tayaar nahi thay. Jab usne Prophet (SAWS) par Quraish ke lideron ke daawaan ko rad kiya, toh usko ek doosra daawa banane ki zaroorat mehsoos hui taake Arabon ke dimaag mei Prophet (SAWS) ke khilaf ghulaf dal sake. Is kaam ko karte hue, usne apne dil ki awaaz ko dabaane ki koshish ki, aur ek zehni mushkilat ka samna kiya, jo is ayat mein wazeh taur par dikhayi gayi hai.
To kuch aisy thi [Quran 74:11-17, 21-26] ki tafseer agey bhartey hai...
In leaders mei sabse zyada khoon kharaba aur badla lene wala Abu Hakam tha, jo Hazrat Khalid ka cousin aur dost bhi tha. Islam ke khilaf uski taareekhi muqabla karke usay "Abu Jahl" (Ajnabi) ka laqab diya gaya, aur isi naam se usay jaane lagay. Woh aik chhota aur dumdaar shakhs tha, jiska ek aankh thoda sa murjha gaya tha, aur ek mutaharik dost ne uska hawala diya tha: "Woh shakhs jis ka chehra loha ka tha, aankh loha ki thi aur zubaan bhi lohe ki thi."
Yeh Quraish ke muqaddar men baray tareeqay se impossible samajh kar, apni dhamki ya lafzon se Prophet ko rukne ka tareeqa nahi mil raha thay. Unhon ne phir Abu Talib, jo Prophet ka uncle aur Bani Hashim ka leader thay, se baat karne ka faisla kiya. Agar Prophet ko maar diya jata toh Bani Hashim ke beech khoon ka badla shuru ho jata aur woh zaroor badla lete. Phir Quraish ke dawat dene walay ne Abu Talib ke paas pauncha aur kaha: "O Abu Talib! Aap hamare leader hain, aur hum mei se sab se behtareen hain. Aap ne dekha ke aapke bhai ka beta humare mazhab ko badnaam kar raha hai. Woh humare devaataon ka mazak udaata hai. Aap humare saath hain, humare mazhab mei. Agar aap Hazrat Muhammad ko is kaam se rokna chahte hain toh rokiye, agar nahi toh humein usay apni marzi se maarne ka haq de dijiye.
Abu Talib ne unko dheere se jawab diya ke woh is mamle ko dekhain ge aur unhe adab se bhaga diya. Lekin unhon ne Prophet ko jo Quraish ne kaha tha woh zaroor bataya, lekin usse uske kaam ko rokne ki koshish nahi ki. Abu Talib ek shaayar bhi thay, aur jab aise aise faislay hotay toh woh lambi shaayari likh kar apni mushkilat ko bayaan karta thay.
Al Waleed ke ghar mei Prophet ke kaam par har roz baatein hoti thi. Shab mein, Al Waleed apne bete aur doosre rishtedaron ke saath baith kar har din ke kaam aur Quraish ke Prophet ke khilaf kiye gaye aam kaam par baatein karte. Hazrat Khalid aur uske bhai apne baap se in baaton ko sunte. Kuch haftay baad, unhon ne dosray doston ka kaam suna jo Abu Talib ke paas bheje gaii thay aur unka koi asar nahi hua. Prophet apne kaam mei lagay rahe.
Phir Al Waleed ne aik bara qadam uthaya. Usne apna beta Ammarah ko Abu Talib ke paas bheja aur Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) ka badla us se lene ki baat ki. Ammarah aik khoobsurat aur jawan larka tha jo har shakhs ke liye najayaz tha. Quraish ke delegation ne Abu Talib ke paas Ammarah ko laya. "O Abu Talib!" unhon ne kaha, "Yeh Ammarah, Al Waleed ka beta hai. Woh sab se achay aur khoobsurat larka hai. Isay apna beta bana lein, woh apka saath dega aur tumhara har kaam karega. Hum yeh chahte hain ke aap Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) ko hamaare saath den aur hum apne kaam ko dekhkar kaam karain."
Abu Talib ne jawab diya, "Mujhe yeh bilkul theek nahi lagta. Tum mere bete ko khana khila kar kyu dena chahte ho jab tum apne bete ko maar kar dena chahte ho?" "By Allah! Yeh toh nahi ho sakta!"
2. Tabari: Vol. 1, p. 265; Ibn Sad: p. 186.
3. Ibn Hisham: Vol. 1, p. 265; Ibn Sad: p. 186.
4. Ibn Hisham: Vol. 1, p. 267; Ibn Sad: p. 186.
Ab Quraish ne dekha ke Abu Talib ko Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) ko rokne ke liye manana mumkin nahi hai, aur apni koshishon mei naakam hone ke baad, unhon ne faisla kiya ke Hazrat Muhammad aur uske followers ki zindagi itni mushkil bana dein ke woh Quraish ki manni hui baat maan lein. Unhon ne Makkah ke bekaar aur badmaash logon ko Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) ke peeche laga diya. Yeh log jab bhi Hazrat Muhammad ke paas se guzarte, unhein gaaliyan dete, unke chehre par reth daal dete aur unke raaste mei kaantay rakh detey. Woh unke ghar par gandagi bhi phekte, aur is mei Abu Lahab aur Abu Jahl bhi shamil ho gaii. Yeh bad-silooki jaldi hi zyada violent ho gayi.
Jab Muslimon par zulm badh gaya, to iske tareeqe bhi badal gaii. Ek shakhs ne socha ke woh Hazrat Muhammad ko neecha dikhane ke liye usse kushti ka challenge dega, taki usey public mei sharminda kar sake. Yeh shakhs Muhammad (SAWS) ka khandani chacha, Rukkana bin Abd Yazid, tha, jo ek mashhoor kushtigaar tha aur apni taqat aur hunar par fakhr karta tha. Makkah mei koi bhi usse nahi phek sakta tha. "O mere bhatije!" usne Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) se kaha. "Main maanta hoon ke tum insaan ho aur tum jhoot nahi bolte. Tumse kushti karte hain. Agar tum mujhe phek dete ho, toh mein tumhe saccha nabi maan loonga." Yeh shakhs khud ko kaafi hosla deta hua yeh soch raha tha ke yeh tareeqa Hazrat Muhammad ko neecha dikhane ke liye kaafi hai. Hazrat Muhammad ya toh inkaar kar denge aur beizzat ho jaenge, ya phir unse badhi maar khayenge. Lekin yeh uski soch thi. Uska challenge qabool kiya gaya, aur jo kushti hui, us mei Prophet (SAWS) ne use teen martaba phek diya! Lekin woh badmash apne waade se mud gaya.
Muhammad (SAWS) khud jis tarah se qoumi hifaazat mei safe the, uss liye unhein itna zyada nuqsan nahi hota tha. Iska ek sabab yeh bhi tha ke unka khandan unko hifaazat deta tha aur woh khud bhi jang mei achay the. Lekin dusre musalman jo kaafi kamzor the aur khandani hifaazat se mehroom thay, unhein zyada nuqsan hota tha, jaise gulam aur gulamon ki ladkiyan. Ek gulam, jis ki Islam qabul karne ki khabar Umar (RA) tak pahunchi thi, itna gussa tha ke usne usse maarna shuru kar diya. Woh becharan ladki ko is tarah maar raha tha ke jab woh thak gaya, toh ruk gaya. Umar (RA) ek bohot mazboot shakhs thay!
Quraish ke haathon torture hone wale kai mard aur auratein thi. Un mei se sabse mashhoor aur tareekhi tor par izzat ki jaane wali shakhsiyat Hazrat Bilal bin Hamama (RA) thi, unhy Bilal ibn Rabah bhi kaha jata hai, jo ek lamba, dubla aur Abyssinian gulam tha. Usay uske malik Umayyah bin Khalaf ne bohot tazab zakhm diye. Unhey garmi mei, jab Arabian summer ki dhoop bohot garam hoti, ret par duba diya jata aur unke seena par ek bhaari patthar daal diya jata. Kabhi-kabhi unka malik unhe dekh kar kehta, " Hazrat Muhammad ko chhorh do aur Lat aur Uzza ki ibadat karo." Lekin Hazrat Bilal (RA) ka imaan majboot tha, aur unka dil qaim tha. Umayyah bin Khalaf ko yeh nahi pata tha ke woh jo apne gulam ko torture kar rahay hai, woh ek din usi ki ladayi mei Badr ke maidan mei uska qatal karega, aur uske bete ka bhi qatal karega.
Bilal aur dusre kayi gulamon ko, jo ke torture ka shikar the, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) ne khareed liya aur unhein azaad kar diya. Jab bhi Abu Bakr ko kisi musalman gulam ke torture hone ki khabar milti, woh usay khareed kar azaad kar dete.
Is sab zulm ke bawajood, Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) apne dushmanon ke saath narm aur rahm dil rahe. Woh dua karte, "Ya Allah! Umar aur Abu Hakam ke saath mujhe quwwat de." Unki dua kabul hui, aur Hazrat Umar (RA) Islam mei shahadat dene walay 40th shakhs bane, lekin Abu Jahl apne kufr par musalsal rehte hue mar gaya.
619 mei, pehle wahi ke das saal baad, Hazrat Abu Talib (RA) ka inteqal ho gaya. Prophet (SAWS) ki soorat ab ziada naazuk ho gayi thi. Quraish ki dushmani aur bhi barh gayi, aur Muslims ki jaan ko bhi khatra badh gaya. Prophet (SAWS) ab bhi apne kuch wafadar aur imaan dar companions ke saath the, aur in mei se 10 shakhs unke sab se kareebi the. Yeh 10 shakhs "The Blessed Ten" ke naam se mashhoor hue, aur unhein Muslims ne zindagi bhar izzat aur mohabbat di.
Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) Makkah mei rahey, aur jo zulm aur taqleef un par barh rahi thi, usay bardasht karte rahey. Phir Madinah (us waqt Yathrib ke naam se jaana jata tha) ke kuch mard Prophet se milay aur Islam qabul kiya. Unhone Prophet ko apni bastiyon mei hijrat karne ke liye daawat di, aur is daawat ke saath Allah ka hukm tha ke ab Muslims ko hijrat karne ka haq diya gaya tha. Is daawat ke baad, Prophet ne zyada tar apne saathiyon ko Madinah bhej diya.
September 622 mei, Quraish ne akhirkar faisla kiya ke Hazrat Muhammad (SAWS) ko qatal kar diya jaye. Jis raat unhone yeh mansuba banaya, us raat Prophet ne apne ghar se nikal kar, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), apne ek ghulam aur ek raasta dikhane wale ke saath Yathrib (Madinah) ki taraf hijrat ki. Madinah pohanch kar, Madinah ne Islam ka markaz ban gaya aur nayi Muslim State ka daura shuru ho gaya. Aur is tarah, musalmanon par hone wala zulm khatam ho gaya.
Prophet (SAWS) ki Makkah se hijrat ke teen mahine baad, Al Waleed apne aakhri waqt mei apne bete ko bulaata hai. Usay pata tha ke uska waqt aa gaya hai. "O mere beto!" usne kaha. "Maine tumhe teen kaam diye hain. Inhe pura karna, mat chhorhna. Pehla, Khuza'a ke saath mera khoon ka badla lena. Allah ki kasam, mujhe pata hai ke woh be-gunah hain, lekin mujhe dar hai ke tumhein is din ke baad ilzaam lag sakta hai. Dusra, meri maal-o-daulat jo Saqeef ke paas mujh par hai, use wapas lena. Teesra, mujhe Abu Uzeihar se khoon ka badla lena hai." Yeh badmash ne Al Waleed ki beti se shaadi ki thi, phir usay apne ghar se nikaal diya tha bina usay uske walid ke ghar bheje. Yeh keh kar, Al Waleed ne apni wasiyat ki aur phir uska inteqal ho gaya. Usay izzat ke saath dafn kiya gaya, jaise ek azeem qoumi lider, izzatdaar buzurg aur Quraish ka ahem aur sharfzadi tha.
Pehla masla asani se hal ho gaya; Khuza'a ne khoon ka badla dene ke liye paisa diya aur yeh masla baghair kisi hinsa ke hal ho gaya. Dosra masla kayi saal tak pending raha aur phir unsettle reh gaya. Teesra masla, yani Al Waleed ke damad ke saath jang, Hisham,Hazrat Khalid ka bhai, ne faisla kiya ke usay sirf Abu Uzeihar ka khoon chahiye. Usne ek saal tak intezaar kiya aur phir apne shikaar ko maar diya. Yeh masla khatarnaak mod le raha tha, lekin Abu Sufyan ne beech mei aa kar sulah karwayi aur kisi aur khoon ki rawani nahi hui.
Al Waleed ke inteqal ke baad, Hazrat Khalid ne Makkah mei puri purani zindagi guzari, apne maal-o-daulat ka lutf uthaya. Unho ny ek dafa Syria ka safar bhi kiya, jahan ek bade sheher Busra mei ek caravan ke saath gaya. Yeh sheher baad mein unke liye ek military maqsad ban gaya.
Hum nahi jaante ke is waqt Hazrat Khalid ke kitne wives ya bachay the, lekin hum do beton ke baare mei jaante hain: Bara beta, Sulaiman, aur chhota beta, Abdur-Rahman. Abdur-Rahman ka janm Al Waleed ke inteqal se lagbhag chhe saal pehle hua tha aur woh baad mei Syria mei ek mashhoor fauj ka sipahi bana. Lekin Arab riwayat ke mutabiq, Hazrat Khalid ko uske bara bete Sulaiman ke naam se jaana jata tha, is liye use Khalid, Ibn Al Waleed (Al Waleed ka beta) aur Abu Sulaiman (Sulaiman ka baap) ke naam se bulaya jata tha. Zyada tar log unhey Abu Sulaiman ke naam se bulaate the.
Ibn Hisham: Vol. 1, pp. 410-411.