CE 2040: Hydraulics Engineering 

Introduction to liquids and gases, continuum concept, engineering analysis, applications and connections. Fluid properties involving mass and weight, concept of viscosity, stress tensor, constitutive equations for Newtonian fluid. Statics: pressure variation, manometry, force on an inclined plane, force on curved surface, buoyancy. Kinematics: Eulerian vs. Lagrangian analysis, local and convective acceleration, steady and unsteady flow, one, two and three dimensional flows, Flow visualization: path line, streamlines and streak line. Control volume approach: Reynolds transport theorem, conservation of mass, momentum equation, water hammer, conservation of energy; pump and turbine heads and efficiency, Navier-Stokes. Equations –derivation and solution for idealized cases; Euler’s and Bernoulli’s equations; HGL and EGL. Dimensional analysis: need, dimensions, Ispens method. Similitude and Modelling: Model laws (Froude, Reynolds). Flow measurements: weirs/notches - rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, errors, velocity of approach, broad-, narrow-crested weirs, ogee weir, submerged weir. Boundary layer concept: derivation of boundary layer equations, laminar boundary layer (thickness, shear, drag). Pipe flow: Laminar pipe flow - Darcy-Weisbach equation, friction factor, velocity profile, shear stress, Turbulent pipe flow -velocity fluctuation; shear stress, velocity distribution, concept of smooth and rough pipes, friction factor (Nikuradse experiment, Moody Diagram). Pump-pipe analysis: types of pumps, pump characteristic curves, non-dimensional characteristics, specific speed and selection of pump, operating point, pipe network analysis.