Fuller Honors Biology

Unit 2

UNIT 2: CELL STRUCTURE

IN THIS UNIT WE WILL DISCUSS THE FUNCTIONS AND LOCATIONS OF VARIOUS ORGANELLES FOUND IN BOTH PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS. AFTER EXAMINING SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN THESE CELL TYPES, STUDENTS WILL THEN LEARN THAT NOT ALL CELLS LOOK THE SAME, AND THAT THE STRUCTURE OF THE CELL IS A DIRECT RESULT OF ITS FUNCTION. WE WILL CONCLUDE THIS UNIT WITH A MICROSCOPE LAB, WHERE STUDENTS WILL LEARN THE PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE AS WELL AS HOW TO UTILIZE IT PROPERLY. STUDENTS WILL APPLY KNOWLEDGE OF UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS (PROTISTS) BY CORRECTLY IDENTIFYING THEM UNDER THE MICROSCOPE BASED ON THEIR STRUCTURE AND APPEARANCE.

Biology NC Essential Standards

Goal 1.1 Understand the relationship between the structures and functions of cells and their organelles.

1.1.1 Summarize the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic cells (including the nucleus, plasma membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and ribosomes) and ways that these organelles interact with each other to perform the function of the cell. Identify these cell organelles in diagrams of plant and animal cells. Explain how the structure of the organelle determines it function. (Example: folded inner membrane in mitochondria increases surface area for energy production during aerobic cellular respiration). Summarize how these organelles interact to carry out functions such as energy production and use, transport of molecules, disposal of waste, and synthesis of new molecules. (Example: DNA codes for proteins which are assembled by the ribosomes and used as enzymes for energy production at the mitochondria).

1.1.2 Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of their general structures (plasma membrane and genetic material) and degree of complexity. Proficiently use proper light microscopic techniques as well as determine total power magnification. The purpose is to use microscopes to observe a variety of cells with particular emphasis on the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic as well as plant and animal cells. While students are not expected to understand how scanning and electron transmission microscopes work, they should recognize that they reveal greater detail about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell differences. Infer that prokaryotic cells are less complex than eukaryotic cells. Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to conclude the following:

 Presence of membrane bound organelles – mitochondria, nucleus, vacuole, and chloroplasts are not present in prokaryotes.

 Ribosomes are found in both.

 DNA and RNA are present in both, but are not enclosed by a membrane in prokaryotes.

 Contrasts in chromosome structure – circular DNA strands called plasmids are characteristic of prokaryotes.

 Contrasts in size – prokaryotic cells are smaller.

1.1.3 Explain how instructions in DNA lead to cell differentiation and result in cells specialized to perform specific functions in multicellular organisms. Compare a variety of specialized cells and understand how the functions of these cells vary. (Possible examples could include nerve cells, muscle cells, blood cells, sperm cells, xylem and phloem.) Explain that multicellular organisms begin as undifferentiated masses of cells and that variation in DNA expression and gene activity determines the differentiation of cells and ultimately their specialization. During the process of differentiation, only specific parts of the DNA are activated; the parts of the DNA that are activated. Determine the function and specialized structure of a cell. Because all cells contain the same DNA, all cells initially have the potential to become any type of cell; however, once a cell differentiates, the process cannot be reversed. Nearly all of the cells of a multicellular organism have exactly the same chromosomes and DNA. Different parts of the genetic instructions are used in different types of cells, influenced by the cell's environment and past history

Wednesday, September 11 - Prokaryotes Versus Eukaryotes

POGIL: Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes

Monday January 27 - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Notebook Set-Up: p. 48 Prokaryote VS Eukaryote POGIL, p. 49 Case Study: Gram Positive VS Gram Negative Bacteria, p. 50 Prokaryote Coloring Key, p. 51 Prokaryote Diagram, p. 48 Prokaryote and Eukaryote Review, p. 49 Prokaryote VS Eukaryote Quiz.

Case Study: Gram Positive VS Gram Negative Bacteria Video

Case Study: Video Questions

Amoeba Sisters Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Video

Amoeba Sisters Video Questions

Video Lecture of Prokaryotes

Figure of Prokaryote

Prokaryotes and Eukaryote Powerpoint

Prokaryotes and Eukaryote Guided notes

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes Review for Quiz

Homework: Study for prokaryotes and eukaryotes quiz! Go here for StudyStacks practice!

Tuesday, January 28 - Prokaryote/Eukaryote Quiz, Cell Organelle Function and Location, Plant vs Animal Cell diagrams

Notebook Set-Up: p. 50 Eukaryotic Coloring Key, p. 51 Eukaryotic Cell Diagram, p. 52 Compare/Contrast Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, p. 53 Case Study: ERAD Disorders.

Amoeba Sisters Cell Organelle Video

Euakryotic Cell Powerpoint

Eukaryotic Cell Coloring Key

Eukaryotic Cell Diagram

Comparison of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Case Study: ERAD Disorders

Homework: Study cell organelle and function! Go here for StudyStacks practice!

Cell Structure - Organelles.pptx

Wednesday, January 29 - Review Cell Organelle Functions, Cell Adaptations.

Notebook Set-Up: p. 54 Review Cell Organelle and Function, p. 55 Cell Organelle Quiz, p. 56 Protist Coloring Key, p. 57 Protist Diagrams.

Review of Cell Organelle Function

Protist Coloring Key

Protist Diagrams

Homework: Study cell organelle and function for quiz! Go here for StudyStacks practice!

Thursday, January 30 - Cell Organelle Quiz, Cell Differentiation

Notebook Set-Up: p. 58 Cell Differentiation Video, p. 59 Cell Differentiation Answers, p. 60 Human Specialized Cells, p. 61 Cell of the Year Writing.

Amoeba Sisters Specialized Cells Video