Ages: 4 through 24:11

Testing Time: 40 minutes

Description:

The Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (CTOPP) was published in 1999 to meet the need for an assessment of reading-related phonological processing skills. Since its initial publication, the CTOPP has been popular with professionals in psychology and education. It has been used in many studies of reading and phonological processing in both typical and clinical populations.

CTOPP-2 Subtests

1. Elision measures the ability to remove phonological segments from spoken words to form other words.

2. Blending Words measures the ability to synthesize sounds to form words.

3. Sound Matching measures the ability to select words with the same initial and final sounds.

4. Phoneme Isolation measures the ability to isolate individual sounds within words.

5. Blending Nonwords measures the ability to synthesize sounds to form nonwords.

6. Segmenting Nonwords measures the ability to segment nonwords into phonemes.

7. Memory for Digits measures the ability to repeat numbers accurately.

8. Nonword Repetition measures the ability to repeat nonwords accurately.

9. Rapid Digit Naming measures the ability to rapidly name numbers.

10. Rapid Letter Naming measures the ability to rapidly name letters.

11. Rapid Color Naming measures the ability to rapidly name colors.

12. Rapid Object Naming measures the ability to rapidly name objects.

CTOPP-2 Composites

Phonological Awareness Composite Score (PACS) comprises the standard scores of three subtests-Elision, Blending Words, and Sound Matching-for 4 through 6 year olds, and Elision, Blending Words, and Phoneme Isolation for 7 through 24 year olds. The PACS represents the examinee's awareness of and access to the phonological structure of oral language.

Phonological Memory Composite Score (PMCS) comprises the standard scores of two subtests -Memory for Digits and Nonword Repetition-for all individuals. The PMCS represents the examinee's ability to code information phonologically for temporary storage in working or short-term memory.

The Rapid Symbolic Naming Composite Score (RSNCS) comprises the standard scores of two subtests-Rapid Digit Naming and Rapid Letter Naming-for all individuals. The RSNCS measures the examinee's ability to include efficient retrieval of phonological information from long-term or permanent memory and execute a sequence of operations quickly and repeatedly.

Rapid Non-Symbolic Naming Composite Score (RNNCS) comprises the standard scores of two subtests-Rapid Color Naming and Rapid Object Naming and offers an alternative for young children, ages 4 through 6 year olds, not familiar with letters and numbers. The RNNCS measures the examinee's ability to include efficient retrieval of phonological information from long-term or permanent memory and executing a sequence of operations quickly and repeatedly using objects and colors.

The Alternate Phonological Awareness Composite Score (APACS), an alternate composite for measuring phonological awareness is available for 7 through 24 year olds. It is formed by combining the scaled scores from Blending Nonwords and Segmenting Nonwords. The APACS measures the examinee's phonological awareness exclusively with nonwords.