The Black Death
The Black Death of 1347-1352 CE is the most infamous plague outbreak of the medieval world which led to death of 30% of Europe’s population. The cause of the plague was unknown and in accordance with the general understanding of the Middle Ages, was attributed to supernatural forces and, primarily, the will or wrath of God.
The Black Death was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that struck Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s. The plague arrived in Europe in October 1347.The Black Death is thought to have originated in the arid plains of Central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road, reaching the Crimea by 1346. It was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships. Over the next five years, the Black Death killed more than 20 million people in Europe—almost one-third of the continent’s population.
Impact of Black Death
The great population loss wrought by the plague brought favorable results to the surviving peasants in England and Western Europe. There was increased social mobility. Black death pushed up the whole structure of wages and set the stage for the tumultuous labor wars of the Industrial Revolution. In England and France, textile workers and artisans won shorter hours and double and triple their pre-plague pay. In an age when social conditions were regarded as fixed, such action was revolutionary.
In Europe, the perceived failure of God to answer these prayers contributed to the decline of the medieval Church's power .The Black Death changed religion drastically. The old religious beliefs were weakened. Many believed it as the punishment by God. The Black Death led to suspicion toward religious officials who could not keep their frequent promises of curing plague victims and finishing the disease. This was a concurrent cause of the people’s lack of faith in the Catholic Church. Extreme alienation with the church culminated in support for different religious groups grew tremendously during the opening years of the Black Death angering church and political officials greatly.
The Black Death influenced the arts. After 1350 European culture in general turned very morbid. The general mood was one of pessimism, and the arts turned dark with representations of death. Both sculptors and painters began to portray the dead and dying, as well as images of death and the grim reaper. People’s attitudes towards music and art changed as they began to see the depression surrounding them. The horrific nature of the Black Death was reflected in the realistic depictions of human suffering and carnage as well as the symbolic use of the skeleton.
-Brahmjot Kaur(SMSMB)