Research Citations

Acosta, Nicole. "Pa. Track Coach Allegedly Texted Student at 2 a.m. for Sex, Abused Him for More than a Year." People Magazine. Last modified April 14, 2023. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://people.com/crime/pennsylvania-javelin-coach-allegedly-sexually-abused-teen/.

The Army Of Survivors Inc. 2021. "Our Impact." The Army of Survivors. Accessed November 3, 2023. https://thearmyofsurvivors.org/projects/.

Child USA. "Child USA." Preliminary Report: Five Key Findings of the Elite Athlete Survey. Last modified July 9, 2021. Accessed November 2, 2023. https://childusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Five-Key-Findings-from-the-EAS-7.9.2021-Updated.pdf.

Columbia University In The City of New York. "History of Sexual Abuse and Harrassment." Center for American Studies: Freedom and Citizenship. Accessed November 3, 2023. https://freedomandcitizenship.columbia.edu/gender-equality-history-2021.

Connor, Tracy, and Sarah Fitzpatrick. "Gymnastics Scandal: 8 Times Larry Nassar Could Have Been Stopped." NBC News. Last modified January 25, 2018. Accessed January 26, 2024. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/gymnastics-scandal-8-times-larry-nassar-could-have-been-stopped-n841091.

Dilley, Elizabeth. "Sexual Abuse and the Church." Witness for Justice. Last modified July 8, 2021. Accessed March 1, 2024. https://www.ucc.org/sexual-abuse-and-the-church/.

Dzhanova, Yelena. "Thanks to the #MeToo movement, many understand power dynamics. But here's why cases of coaches abusing students tend to fall through the cracks." Insider. Last modified September 27, 2022. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://www.insider.com/abuse-by-coaches-likely-common-but-underreported-sexual-violence-expert-2022-9.

Hackney, Suzette. "'They left us at the disposal of a predator': How the FBI failed US gymnasts." USA Today. Last modified April 21, 2022. Accessed January 26, 2024. https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2022/04/21/larry-nassar-fbi-ignored-gymnasts/7395336001/.

International Olympic Committee. "Sexual Abuse." Video, 04:25. Athlete 365. Accessed September 28, 2023. https://olympics.com/athlete365/safe-sport/sexual-harassment-and-abuse-in-sport/.

"What Is Harassment and Abuse in Sport?" Video, 03:22. Athlete 365. Accessed September 28, 2023. https://olympics.com/athlete365/safe-sport/sexual-harassment-and-abuse-in-sport/.

Joseph, Mary Allison. "Power and Community in Domestic Violence." UMKC Insider. Last modified November 29, 2018. Accessed March 1, 2024. https://www.umkc.edu/insider/posts/2020/04/post2.html#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20many%20long,in%20order%20to%20control%20another.

Knapp, Lauren. "MSU Creates Free Modules to Help Prevent Abuse in Youth Sports." MSU Today. Last modified June 2023. Accessed November 3, 2023. https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2023/MSU-youth-sports-modules-abuse.

Lavigne, Paula. "Male College Athletes Largely Unaware, Mistrustful of Sexual Misconduct Reporting Process, Survey Finds." ESPN. Last modified April 25, 2023. Accessed September 18, 2023. https://www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/36287001/male-college-athletes-largely-unaware-mistrustful-sexual-misconduct-reporting-process-survey-finds.

NCAA. "Sexual Violence Prevention Tool Kit." Sports Science Institute. Last modified May 2023. Accessed November 2, 2023. https://www.ncaa.org/sports/2016/9/28/sexual-violence-prevention-tool-kit.aspx.

Pesta, Abigail. "An Early Survivor of Larry Nassar's Abuse Speaks Out For the First Time." TIME. Last modified July 18, 2019. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://time.com/5629228/larry-nassar-victim-speaks-out/.

The Girls: An All-American Town, a Predatory Doctor, and the Untold Story of the Gymnasts Who Brought Him Down. N.p.: Seal Press, 2019.

Reed, Betsy. "US Rowing Investigates Claim Famed Coach Ted Nash Abused Teenage Student." The Guardian. Last modified March 20, 2023. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/mar/20/ted-nash-sexual-abuse-allegations-jennifer-fox-us-rowing.

SafeSport. "U.S. Center for SafeSport Releases Results of Inaugural Athlete Culture & Climate Survey." U.S. Center For SafeSport. Last modified July 14, 2021. Accessed November 2, 2023. https://uscenterforsafesport.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/US-Center-for-SafeSport-Athlete-CC-Survey.pdf.

Shabad, Rebecca. "'We Have Been failed': Simone Biles Breaks Down in Tears Recounting Nassar's Sexual Abuse." NBC News. Last modified September 15, 2021. Accessed November 3, 2023. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/we-have-been-failed-simone-biles-breaks-down-tears-recounting-n1279255.

Sport, Sexual Violence and the Law: A Feminist Critique and Call to Action. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9651102/.

"'Tip of the iceberg': why abuse in Canadian sport is worse than it seems." The Guardian. Last modified January 27, 2023. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jan/27/abuse-canada-sport-inquiry-hockey-gymnastics-soccer.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. "Tackling Violence Against Women and Girls in Sport." UN Women. Last modified 2023. Accessed January 26, 2024. https://www.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2023-07/3343_unwomen_unesco_vawg_handbook_6a_singlepage.pdf.

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. "Seven Themes of Catholic Social Teaching." United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Accessed February 16, 2024. https://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/what-we-believe/catholic-social-teaching/seven-themes-of-catholic-social-teaching.

University of Navarra. "Instruction Dignitas Personæ on Selected Bioethical Issues." Humanities and Medical Ethics. Last modified August 23, 2018. Accessed February 16, 2024. https://en.unav.edu/web/humanities-and-medical-ethics-unit/bioethics-material/instruccion-dignitas-personae-sobre-algunas-cuestiones-de-bioetica#gsc.tab=0.

Wamsley, Laurel. "Spain, Soccer and an Unwanted World Cup Kiss: The Luis Rubiales Firestorm, Explained." NPR. Accessed September 19, 2023. https://www.npr.org/2023/09/15/1199727359/luis-rubiales-spain-soccer-world-cup-controversy-explained.