Pioneers

Explorers, Settlers, Entrepreneurs

Pick ONE person

Look at each section before you decide!

Explorers

The Louisiana Purchase of 1803 opened up new lands for Americans to explore and settle.

Many Americans, believing in their Manifest Destiny to inhabit these lands, journeyed to the west where they came into contact with Native Peoples, founded safe trails for other travelers, and made remarkable scientific discoveries.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition

Meriweather Lewis, William Clark, their slave York and their Native American guide, Sacagewea

They explored a northern route through Louisiana Purchase territory, into the Pacific Northwest



Other Expeditions

Meriwether Lewis

(1774-1809)

Gale: Meriwether Lewis

William Clark

(1770-1838)

Gale:

William Clark

York

(1770-1832)

Gale: York

NPS: York

York


Explored the Rocky Mountains, Oregon and California

John C. Frémont

(1813-1890)

Gale: John C. Fremont

Explored the Rocky Mountains, Oregon and California

Jedediah Strong Smith

(1799-1831)

Gale: Jedediah Strong Smith

Explored the Southwest and Texas

Zebulon Pike

(1779-1813)

Gale: Zebulon Pike

Entrepreneurs

The west was often a dangerous area to inhabit. Entrepreneurs (such as gold-seekers, forty-niners, and fur-trappers) were constantly at risk due to interpersonal conflict, the harsh natural world, and hazards related to their risky jobs.

Hugh Glass

(c. 1783-1833)

Gale: Hugh Glass

(fur trapper, mountain man, Missouri River)

Christopher Houston "Kit" Carson (1809-1868)

Gale: Kit Carson

(trapper, Indian agent, soldier in California)

John "Grizzly" Adams (1812-1860)

Gale: Grizzly Adams

(fur trapper, mountain man in California)

Jean Baptiste Charbonneau

(1805-1866)

Gale: Jean Baptiste Charbonneau

(Sacagawea's son, trapper, guide, gold rush participant)

Luzena Wilson

(1819-1860)

Wikipedia: Luzena Wilson

(Missouri settler, Gold Rush entrepreneur)

Settlers

As the United States’ lands expanded, many Americans optimistically decided to move west for better economic, religious, and financial opportunities.

Settlers endured harsh environmental conditions, difficulties with traveling, disease, injuries, and conflicts with other groups in order to move west.

Throughout the 1800s, American settlers risked their lives to travel across the country and settle the lands in Oregon Country and California.

Traveling across the country by wagon would be popular until the rise of the American railroad system.

George Donner

(1784-1847)

Gale: Donner Party

(Hopeful settler, used Oregon Trail)

Robert "Doc" Newell (1807-1869)

Gale: Robert Newell

(trapper and Oregon pioneer, settler)

Brigham Young

(1801-1877)

Gale: Brigham Young

(Church leader, Utah settler)

Narcissa Whitman and

(1808-1847)

Gale: Narcissa Whitmen

(missionary, settler, first women to make the Oregon trail on foot)


.....Marcus Whitman

(1802-1847)

(missionary, settler)

Sam Houston

(1793-1863)

Gale: Sam Houston

(pioneer, settler in Texas)


Stephen Austin

(1793-18836)

Gale: Stephen Austin

(pioneer, settler in Texas)



Images:Meriwether Lewis: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meriwether_Lewis-Charles_Willson_Peale.jpg image in public domainWilliam Clark: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis#/media/File:William_Clark.jpg image in the public domainZebulon Pike: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ZebulonPikeByPeale.jpg image in the public domainJohn C. Fremont: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Charles_Fr%C3%A9mont.png image in the public domainJededian Strong Smith: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jedediah_Smith.jpg image in the public domain
York: York statue at Riverfront Plaza/Belvedere, Louisville, Kentucky https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_(explorer) Jean Baptiste Charbonneau: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jean_Baptiste_Charbonneau.jpg image in the public domainHugh Glass: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hugh_Glass.jpg image in the public domainKit Carson: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kit-carson-photograph-loc.jpg image in public domain

Gold mining: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1850_Woman_and_Men_in_California_Gold_Rush.jpg image in the public domainFur Trader: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alberta_1890s_fur_trader.jpg image in the public domain
"Grizzly" Adams, with his grizzly bear, Benjamin Franklin, from the 1860 Hutchings' Illustrated California Magazine Luzena Wilson: Cowgirl Magazine online: https://cowgirlmagazine.com/wild-women-wednesday-luzena-stanley-wilson/ Images:George Donner: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GeorgeDonner_son_of_Jacob.JPG image in the public domainBrigham Young https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brigham_Young_by_Charles_William_Carter.jpg image in the public domainLaura Ingalls Wilder: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laura_Ingalls_Wilder_cropped_sepia2.jpg image in public domainMarcus Whitman: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marcus_Whitman.jpg image in public domainNarcissa Whitman: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Narcissa_Whitman.jpg image in public domain

"Dr.Robert Newell, 1807-1869", Oregon Historic Photograph Collections http://photos.salemhistory.net/utils/ajaxhelper/?CISOROOT=max&CISOPTR=1237&action=2&DMSCALE=100&DMWIDTH=512&DMHEIGHT=439&DMX=0&DMY=0&DMTEXT=&DMROTATE=0

John Colter, Jim Beckworth, Jim Bridger. Rendevouz Reader