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The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicates "health disparities are differences in health outcomes and their determinants between segments of the population, as defined by social, demographic, environmental, and geographic attributes" (page 3).1 These differences have been historically persistent, and are often the consequences of various systems, local, and individual factors.1 Scholars argue the synergistic effects of COVID-19, opioid use disorder, and structural racism, interconnected by traumatic stress, have fueled the number of overdoses among Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC).2 The learning materials in this section are tailored to defining disparities and provide actionable examples for providers and organizations to address health disparities in their communities to ensure more equitable access to opioid use treatment for all Arizonans.
What are health disparities?
What are health disparities?
Minority Health Disparities | Michelle's Story
Minority Health Disparities | Michelle's Story
Social Inequalities in health
Social Inequalities in health
Disparities in Opioid Overdose, Use and Treatment
Disparities in Opioid Overdose, Use and Treatment
Disparities in Opioid Overdoses
Disparities in Opioid Overdoses
Disparities in Substance Use
Disparities in Substance Use
Disparities in Substance Use Treatment
Disparities in Substance Use Treatment
Other Resources
Other Resources
Tackling Ethnic Health Disparities
Tackling Ethnic Health Disparities
Engaging Healthcare Teams to Eliminate Health Inequities
Engaging Healthcare Teams to Eliminate Health Inequities
Does Racism play a role in Health Inequities?
Does Racism play a role in Health Inequities?
What does Health Equity Look Like?
What does Health Equity Look Like?
Project Arizona Rural Opioid Response Implementation (AzRORI) and Opioid Response Network (ORN) Advancing Racial Equity Training Series
Project Arizona Rural Opioid Response Implementation (AzRORI) and Opioid Response Network (ORN) Advancing Racial Equity Training Series
Topics covered:
Topics covered:
- Explore data on the impact of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) issues on health care access,
experiences, and outcomes.
experiences, and outcomes.
- Describe how social and structural determinants of health can explain disparities in disease prevalence and
inequities in the recovery continuum.
inequities in the recovery continuum.
- Outline individual, leadership, and organizational strategies for addressing racial equity.
Reference List
Reference List
CDC Health Disparities and inequalities report — United States, 2011. cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/other/SU6001.pdf. Published 2011. Accessed July 14, 2022.
Hein Nguyen D, Baur AG, Franklin L, Lalwani T, Pean K. Conceptualizing the COVID-19, opioid use, and racism syndemic and its associations with traumatic stress. Psychiatr Serv. 2021 Aug; 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202100070
JohnsHopkinsMedicine. Minority health disparities: Michelle's story. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlVZKZNXYBA. Published April 18, 2017. Accessed July 14, 2022.
Social Inequalities in health. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=roAQHn5rEoQ. Published November 5, 2014. Accessed July 14, 2022.
Stanford S, Raja K, Pegna SW, et al. Identifying the root causes of drug overdose health inequities ... - NACCHO. naccho.org. https://www.naccho.org/uploads/downloadable-resources/IdentifyingtheRootCauses-ofDrugOverdoseHealthInequities.pdf. Published August 2021. Accessed July 11, 2022.
Larochelle MR, Slavova S, Root ED, et al. Disparities in opioid overdose death trends by Race/ethnicity, 2018–2019, from the Healing Communities Study. Am J Public Health. 2021;111(10):1851-1854. doi:10.2105/ajph.2021.306431
Altekruse SF, Cosgrove CM, Altekruse WC, Jenkins RA, Blanco C. Socioeconomic risk factors for fatal opioid overdoses in the United States: Findings from the mortality disparities in American Communities Study (MDAC). PLoS ONE. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0227966. Published 2020. Accessed July 11, 2022.
Kariisa M, Davis NL, Kumar S, et al. Vital Signs: Drug Overdose Deaths, by Selected Sociodemographic and Social Determinants of Health Characteristics — 25 States and the District of Columbia, 2019–2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:940–947. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7129e2
Wolters C. Researchers call for antiracist approach to address disparities in overdose deaths. Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/antiracist-opioid-overdose-epidemic-5201455. Published September 15, 2021. Accessed August 16, 2022.
The Opioid Crisis and The Hispanic/Latino Population: An Urgent Issue. samhsa.gov. https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/SAMHSA_Digital_Download/PEP20-05-02-002-compressed.pdf. Published 2020. Accessed July 11, 2022.
McCormick E. 'Historically Tragic': Why are drug overdoses rising among black and indigenous Americans? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/feb/17/black-native-americans-fentanyl-deaths-rise-opioid-crisis. Published February 17, 2022. Accessed August 15, 2022.
Siddiqui, N., Urman, R.D. Opioid Use Disorder and Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities: Prevention and Management. Curr Pain Headache Rep 26, 129–137 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-022-01010-4
Santoro TN, Santoro JD. Racial bias in the US opioid epidemic: A review of the history of systemic bias and implications for care. Cureus. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30800543/. Accessed August 16, 2022.
Sprague-Martinez L, Walter AW, Acevedo A, Lopez LM, Lundgren L. Context matters: Health disparities in substance use disorders and treatment. J Soc Work Pract Addict. 2018;18(1):84-98. doi:10.1080/1533256x.2017.1412979
Lagisetty PA, Ross R, Bohnert A, Clay M, Maust DT. Buprenorphine treatment divide by race/ethnicity and payment. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(9):979. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0876
Pinedo M. A current re-examination of racial/ethnic disparities in the use of substance abuse treatment: Do disparities persist? Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019;202:162-167. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.05.017
Lê Cook B, Alegría M. Racial-ethnic disparities in substance abuse treatment: The role of criminal history and socioeconomic status. Psychiatr Serv. 2011;62(11):1273-1281. doi:10.1176/ps.62.11.pss6211_1273
Discrimination against transgender people associated with higher rates of substance use and treatment. Recovery Research Institute. https://www.recoveryanswers.org/research-post/discrimination-against-transgender-people-associated-higher-rates-substance-use-and-treatment/. Published November 23, 2021. Accessed August 5, 2022.
Lagisetty P, Maust D, Bohnert A. Stark racial, financial divides found in opioid addiction treatment. Institute for Healthcare Policy & Innovation. https://ihpi.umich.edu/news/stark-racial-financial-divides-found-opioid-addiction-treatment. Published 2019. Accessed August 16, 2022.
Cooper L. Tackling Ethnic Health Disparities. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBNWaQM2JrE. Published February 28, 2014. Accessed July 15, 2022.
Engaging healthcare teams to eliminate health inequities. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kjweKPUEEg. Published February 2, 2021. Accessed July 15, 2022.
Does racism play a role in health inequities? YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mudlev9tTIY. Published February 17, 2016. Accessed July 15, 2022.
What does health equity look like? YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kb4-0H2j0nQ. Published February 2, 2021. Accessed July 15, 2022.
Augustine NM, Bryant L, Johnson-Wade L, Montserrat-Gonzales T, Murphy D. Advancing Racial Equity Training Series . lecture presented at the: https://moodle.publichealth.arizona.edu/login/index.php . Accessed August 16, 2022.
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