The craft of conducting the basics

Video 3
The conducting mechanics

Teacher music resource developed by The Arts Unit

Female conductor conducting student orchestra at In Concert 2017
In Concert 2017

Video 3 and supplementary materials

Conductor and Hunter Wind Ensemble on stage at Sydney Opera House

Hunter Wind Ensemble

The 4 expressive gestures

Conductors use 4 basic expressive gestures to convey musical style and nuance.

These supplementary materials gives you plenty of opportunities to develop these gestures. Conducting patterns in these 4 styles are introduced.

Conductor working with student orchestra in school settting at Bandlink Griffith
Bandlink Griffith

Watch Video 3: The conducting mechanics as Stephen introduces the 4 expressive gestures and conducting patterns in each of these 4 styles.

Video 3: The conducting mechanics

Duration: 31:47

The conducting mechanics - video chapter markers

You may like to use the video chapter marker timings to review and revise areas of interest. Select the collapsible text arrow to view.

Please note: these chapter markers are also provided on the video.

  • 01:20 - The basic conducting gesture

  • 01:40 - The preparatory and the story it tells

  • 03:40 - The 4 types of expressive gestures
    (revisited)

  • 05:04 - The cut-off

  • 07:10 - Body mapping (revisited)

  • 08:27 - The conducting stance

  • 12:24 - The baton – when and why

  • 12:55 - The conducting frame

  • 14:10 - Conducting patterns - an introduction

  • 14:35 - Conducting in 3

  • 19:24 - Using the left hand

  • 21:35 - Review of the 3 dynamic levers

  • 22:28 - Conducting in 3 – staccato

  • 23:11 - Conducting in 3 – marcato

  • 24:20 - Conducting in 3 – tenuto

  • 26:32 - Additional materials to practice

  • 27:48 - The 3 levers and dynamics - example 1

  • 28:28 - The 3 levers and dynamics - example 2

  • 29:00 - The 3 levers and dynamics - example 3

  • 29:18 - The 3 levers and dynamics - example 4

  • 29:47 - Korean folk song - example 5

  • 30:14 - Conclusion.

Conducting beat patterns

Conducting in 1, 2, 3 and 4

Visual representation of the hand movement of how to conduct 1 in a bar and 2 in a bar
Visual representation of the hand movement of how to conduct 3 in a bar and 4 in a bar

Directions

Directions for the following conducting exercises:

  • These exercises are to be sung. Where possible practice near a keyboard and use notes as a reference. At the end of each exercise check for accuracy of pitch.

  • Sing confidently and musically.

  • Give full reign to expression and energies. If there are no style or dynamic indications, make them up!

  • Use a metronome as often as possible to set a tempo and maintain tempo (where applicable). If you haven’t got a good sense of time then you will need to acquire it.

  • Practice all exercises using right or left hand (and both).

  • Avoid where possible to ‘mirror conduct’. Hand independence needs to be developed and practiced constantly.

  • Commit to memory as much as possible.

  • Feel free to use a mirror to check things (not your hair or new outfit!).

Time beating in 3

Keep it simple and conduct what you want to hear.

To begin working on independence of hands, practice each excerpt:

  1. right hand

  2. left hand

  3. both hands.

Periodically practice against a wall or imagine running your hands along an edge in order to ensure that the ictus plane is not curved around the body. Do this with a baton as well.


Dynamic indications (right hand and left hand)

  • Loud - Large beat pattern from the shoulder

  • Medium - Medium beat pattern from the elbow

  • Soft - Small beat pattern from the wrist

  • Crescendo - Left hand palm up, physically 'lifting' the sound, whilst the right hand pattern gradually gets larger.

  • Diminuendo - Left hand palm pointing to the floor, 'pushing' the sound down, whilst the right hand pattern gets progressively smaller.

On long notes or dynamic changes on fermatas try the ‘squeeze box’ technique. You might like it!

Conducting exercises

Legato and Tenuto

Stephen Williams
1.	8 bar conducting exercise in ¾ time, legato style (Composer) Stephen Williams
Stephen Williams
1.	8 bar conducting exercise in ¾ time, legato style (Composer) Stephen Williams

Staccato and Marcato

Stephen Williams
3.	8 bar conducting exercise in ¾ time, staccato style by Stephen Williams

Staccato

‘The Italian Girl in Algiers’ (L'Italiana in Algeri) by Gioachino Rossini
4.	8 bar conducting exercise in 3/4 time based on a theme from ‘The Italian Girl in Algiers’ (L'Italiana in Algeri)  by Gioachino Rossini

A Piacere!

Variations on a Korean Folk Song by Chance
5.	8 bar conducting exercise in ¾ time, legato style based on a traditional Korean folk song
‘Herr Jesu Christe’ by JS Bach

Enjoy

Enjoy watching this video of Stephen conducting the NSW Public Schools Symphonic Wind Ensemble performance of An Australian Sea Ballad by Robert Sheldon at the Midwest Clinic in Chicago 2007.

Conduct along with the performance to practise your range of 3/4 patterns.

Image of Stephen Williams conducting student orchestra on stage. Text: An Australian Sea Ballad. Robert Sheldon

Australian Sea Ballad - NSW State Schools Symphonic Wind Ensemble 2007

Duration: 03:19

Third-party content attributions

  • The Arts Unit music festivals images, photographer: Anna Warr.