The subjective frame is used to interpret the ways that feelings, emotions, imagination and experiences are understood and communicated in visual arts.
Through the subjective frame, art is understood as a way to explore and represent individual experiences of the world. Artists make works inspired by their imagination, memories, identity and relationships.
The Artist
Through the subjective frame, the artist is seen as an individual whose artistic intentions are shaped by their imagination, emotions, and/or personal experiences.
The Artwork
Through the subjective frame, artworks are interpreted as emotional expressions, and/or reminders of personal memories and experiences, the subconscious and fantasy.
The Audience
Through the subjective frame, audiences interpret the meaning and value of art in relation to personal associations and connections that can be made.
The World
Through the subjective frame the personal experiences, memory, the subconscious, and the imagination are a source of ideas. The artist's subjective world informs the artist and artwork.
Artist
How have personal experiences, ideas and/or events informed this artwork?
How have the imagination, fantasies or dreams informed this artwork?
Does the artist see artmaking as a way of exploring their emotions? Can you find a quote to evidence this?
Artwork
How do you relate to this artwork?
Does this artwork remind you of your own experiences or feelings? Explain how.
How has the artist used a visual language to convey personal experiences, memories or events?
Audience
How have audiences personally connected with and responded to this artwork?
What personal associations (to events, feelings, experiences) might audiences make with this work?
World
How does the artwork explore shared human experiences?
How is the artwork a response to the world of the artist?
'For as long as I can remember I have suffered from a deep feeling of anxiety which I have tried to express in my art'
- Edvard Munch
'I was walking along the road with two friends
the sun was setting
I felt a wave of sadness
the sky suddenly turned blood-red
I stopped, leaned against the fence
Tired to death – looked out over
The flaming clouds like blood and swords
The blue-black fjord and city
My friends walked on – I stood
there quaking with angst – and I
felt as though a vast, endless
Scream passed through nature'
- Edvard Munch's diary entry about 'The Scream'
Text from "The Great Scream in Nature": Edvard Munch at MoMA | The American Reader, accessed 23/07/2021.
'The Scream' is a powerful image that describes an intense emotional experience. Refer to the artwork image and text above to learn about 'The Scream', and then complete the following activities.
Record your responses in a document to share with your teacher, including images of your artwork and any planning sketches or research material.
Critical and historical studies
Paste a copy of the artwork image and citation into your document.
What kind of emotion is the figure in the painting experiencing? How has the artist used colour, shape and line, and distortion/manipulation to communicate that emotion?
Read Edvard Munch's diary entry that he wrote about 'The Scream', which is sometimes displayed alongside the artwork when it is exhibited. How does this poem help audiences understand the meaning of the artwork?
Make a list of words and phrases from Munch's poem that relate to emotions or imagination.
Artmaking
Write down five different emotions, and brainstorm ways they could be represented visually, including through facial expression and body language. Consider the ways that the choices you make about the visual language (colour, lines, tones, shapes, composition, signs and symbols etc) can more effectively convey emotion and mood to an audience.
Create a series of artworks that recreate Edvard Munch's 'The Scream' but explore different emotions. Give your appropriated works simple descriptive titles like 'The Laugh', 'The Fear' or 'The Proud'.
Your artwork could be completed as a drawing or painting, or as a digital photograph. Consider how you could distort or manipulate your image to convey your emotion, for example by drawing expressive lines or shapes over the top of a photograph.
Write a short poem or narrative to accompany your work, inspired by Edvard Munch's diary entry about 'The Scream'. Think about how you would use expressive language to communicate an intense emotional experience. Think about phrases from Munch's poem like 'flaming clouds like blood and swords' or 'quaking with angst'.
Louise Bourgeois, Maman, 1999 cast 2001.
Bronze marble and stainless steel, 895 x 980 x 1160 cm.
Accessed 23/07/2021.
'Like a creature escaped from a dream, or a larger-than-life embodiment of a secret childhood fear, the giant spider Maman (1999) casts a powerful physical and psychological shadow. Over 30 feet high, the mammoth sculpture is one of the most ambitious undertakings in the long career of Louise Bourgeois. Over a vast oeuvre spanning more than sixty years, Bourgeois plumbed the depths of human emotion further and more passionately than perhaps any other artist of her time. In its evocation of the psyche, her work is both universal and deeply personal, with frequent, explicit reference to painful childhood memories of an unfaithful father and a loving but complicit mother.'
Text from Guggeheim Museum, Bilbao, accessed 23/07/2021.
Refer to the artwork image, text, and video above to learn about Louise Bourgeois' sculpture 'Maman', and complete the following activities.
Record your responses in a document to share with your teacher, including images of your artwork and any planning sketches.
Critical and historical studies
Paste a copy of the artwork image and citation into your document.
Copy and paste the provided text about 'Maman' from the Guggenheim Museum into your document. Highlight any words and phrases that use language related to the subjective frame.
What is your first impression of the artwork? What does it remind you of? How might audiences react to seeing it?
Look up the meaning of the title 'Maman'. Does this change your understanding of the artwork? How?
What spider-like qualities does the artist associate with the person she made this artwork about? Are these qualities you would usually associate with a spider?
Artmaking
Choose an animal to symbolise a member of your family or to create an imaginative self portrait. Think about what qualities that animal has that you could associate with your chosen portrait subject. What do you wish to reveal to the audience about the person you are depicting? How could you use colour, texture, and pose to communicate meaning? Draw a quick sketch to plan your artwork.
Complete your artwork using 2D or 3D materials. You might choose to make a detailed drawing or painting, or create a small sculpture using re-purposed or up-cycled household objects like paper, cardboard, plastic, fabric or foil.
Visual Arts 7-10 Syllabus, NSW Education Standards Authority (NESA) for and on behalf of the Crown in right of the State of New South Wales, 2003, accessed 23/07/2021.
Edvard Munch, The Scream – Nasjonalmuseet – Collection, accessed 23/07/2021.
"The Great Scream in Nature": Edvard Munch at MoMA | The American Reader, accessed 20/07/2021,
Maman | The Guggenheim Museums and Foundation, accessed 23/07/2021.
NGC Building and Grounds -- Louise Bourgeois' Maman (Full video) - YouTube, accessed 23/07/2021.