Instructional Model: Socratic Seminar

The Socratic Seminar is a formal discussion, based on a text, in which the leader asks open-ended questions. Within the context of the discussion, students listen closely to the comments of others, thinking critically for themselves. Students articulate their own thoughts and their responses to the thoughts of others. Through this type of discussion, students practice how to listen to one another, making meaning and finding commonalities while participating in a conversation.

Implementation Steps:

• Select an appropriate text

  • Students will read the text independently.

  • Students should use close reading strategies.

    • Record notes in margins

    • Underline important parts of the text by identifying key words and phrases

    • Engage in think-aloud

    • Connect reading to personal experience

  • Craft questions which require critical thinking and are related to the text

• Let students prepare

• Establish student expectations

• Set up the inner and outer circles

• Allow students to lead

• Reflect

Four Elements of the Socratic Seminar:

1. The Text

2. The Question

3. The Participants

4. The Leader

Strengths of the Socratic Seminar:

• Student led

• Builds a classroom community

• Develops communication skills

• Student ownership

• Develops deep critical thinking skills

• Develops critical questioning skills

Limitations of the Socratic Seminar:

• This may be difficult for the reluctant or English language learner who is shy or requires time to process before responding in group discussions.

• Requires thorough intentional planning

• Classroom procedures, routines, and expectations must be established prior to lesson

• Requires modeling, practice, and a gradual release of discussion leadership prior to the lesson

• May not be appropriate for younger students