Practicals

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APMB 121P                                                                       Practicals – IV: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY                                                     (1 credit)   

1. Introduction to molecular biology laboratory techniques and development skills. (Expt. 1; Date 29-07-2025)

         (Buffer preparation)

• To know about the different solutions preparations click HERE 

• For the Problems related to Expt 1, click HERE 

2. Elaboration of DNA and RNA structure and forms using micrographs or animations 

3. Working on Agarose gel electrophoresis (Expt. 2; Date 19-08-2025); To see the procedure to prepare the 10X TAE buffer, click HERE 

Explanation videos - (i) DNA gel electrophoresis simple procedure (ii) DNA gel electrophoresis as animation (iii) A working method  (iv) DNA loading into agarose.

Observation for Agarose gel electrophoresis - After conducting the electrophoresis for 20 min at 50 V of power supply, the blue coloured bands are moved to 3/4 the length of the gel. Now the gel was carefully transferred to a gel documentation unit and subjected to UV light in order to visualize the DNA bands in the gel. Due to intercalation of ethidium bromide to the DNA molecule, and on the subjection of UV rays, the DNA was visualized as orange bands. 

4. DNA isolation from E. coli (Expt. 3, Date  16-09-2025) 

Explanation videos - (i) Isolation of DNA from bacteria (ii) An explanatory Video  (iii) Phenol-chloroform layers in an Eppendorf tube (iv) For a working protocol (.xlsx file ) steps click HERE

• To see the results of the B batch (2025) click HERE; and to see the results of the A batch click HERE ; Other individual groups

• To see the results of the B batch (2024) click HERE; and to see the results of the A batch click HERE 

5. DNA estimation - spectrophotometric method.

6. UV irradiation - Per cent survival curve

7. Transformation (Demonstration)

8. Isolation of Plasmids (Demonstration).

9. Isolation of RNA from cells (Demonstration).

10. Identification of bacterial phylogeny using 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Demonstration).

(For any information related to this practical, refer the old website of the Molecular biology)

Materials pertaining to First practical (Molecular biology lab safety, guidelines, preparation of Solutions, Calculations and Pipetters)

Click HERE to understand the meaning for Molarity and Normality

Q.1. What is meant by the Molar solution?

Ans. Refers to one gram molecular weight of a substance dissolved in one litre of water is 1 molar solution, calculated using the formula

             Req. molar x Gram Molec. Wt. of the substance x Req. volume   

                                                  1000

Q.2. What is meant by Normal solution? 

Ans. Refers to one gram equivalent weight of a substance dissolved in one litre of water, calculated using the following formula

           Assay value (in the label of the bottle) x 1000 ml x Sp. gravity   

                                  Molecular Wt x 100 

Molarity calculator

Molarity & Dilution Calculator

Periodic table 

Material pertaining to 3rd Practical (E. coli DNA isolation using Phenol-Chloroform method)

Phenol-chloroform layers in an Eppendorf tube 

Keep the following points in mind while preparing and submitting record for valuation

1. Maintain a 80 pages unruled long size notebook as OBSERVATION NOTE 

2. Write in the RECORD NOTE BOOK similar to one you use in schools and should NOT write in loose sheets and bind.

3. Fill the first paragraph of the certificate page, paste in the record, click HERE to download the certificate page.  

4. Fill the index page with the details of the Expt No., title, date and submit.

5. Scientific names need to be underlined; check  HERE to know how to write the scientific names 

6. While writing the experiment in right side pages of a record, dont forget to add in the top left side corner the experiment number and date.

7. While writing experiment remember, diagrams (draw with pencil) / media composition/equation/reagents are need to be written in left side and the textual portions alone need to be written in the right side. 

8. Cover the record with a brown cover and submit.

9. If you plan to submit record late due to any personal reasons or issues, before submission date get permission from course teacher by filling the permission form.