Traditional animation is the process of creating hand-drawn or hand-painted images on paper or celluloid to create the illusion of movement. The materials, tools, and equipment used in traditional animation include:

1. Animation Paper. Animation paper typically comes in standard sizes, such as 10" x 12.5" or 12" x 16", with pre-punched holes that align with pegbars. The pegbars help keep the paper in place and ensure that each drawing is consistent in size and placement.

2. Pencil. In traditional animation, animators typically use graphite pencils, which come in a variety of hardness levels, ranging from very soft (9B) to very hard (9H). The hardness level of the pencil determines how easily it makes marks on the paper, with softer pencils creating darker and smoother lines, and harder pencils creating lighter and more precise lines. Animators often use a range of pencil hardnesses, depending on the specific needs of each drawing. For example, softer pencils may be used for initial rough sketches or shading, while harder pencils may be used for precise lines or details.

3. Eraser. In traditional animation, animators use several types of erasers, including kneaded erasers, vinyl erasers, and electric erasers. Kneaded erasers are a type of soft eraser that can be molded and shaped to create fine points for precision erasing. Vinyl erasers are firmer and more abrasive than kneaded erasers and are used for removing larger areas of graphite or ink.

4. Sharpener. The most common type of sharpener is a hand-cranked mechanical sharpener, which is typically made of plastic or metal and has a cylindrical or conical opening where the pencil is inserted. When the crank is turned, a blade inside the sharpener rotates and shaves away the wood and graphite of the pencil, leaving a sharp point. Electric sharpeners are also available and work similarly to mechanical sharpeners, but use an electric motor to rotate the blade. Some electric sharpeners also have features such as automatic shutoff and multiple sharpening holes to accommodate different pencil sizes.

5. Bullclip. A bullclip, also known as a binder clip or bulldog clip, is a tool that is commonly used in traditional animation to hold multiple sheets of paper or cels together securely while the artwork is being drawn or painted.

6. Ruler. Animators use rulers to draw guide lines and to help keep their drawings in proportion. For example, if an animator is drawing a character that is standing on a flat surface, they may use a ruler to draw a straight line to represent the ground plane. They can then use this line as a guide to draw the character's feet in the correct perspective, and to ensure that the character is properly positioned in relation to the ground.

7. Magic Tape. In traditional animation, a type of adhesive tape called "cel" or "celluloid" tape is often used. Cel tape is a transparent, pressure-sensitive tape that is used to attach sheets of acetate, known as "cels," to a background or to each other. The cels are hand-drawn and painted with colored inks or paint, and then photographed in sequence to create the illusion of movement.

8. Acetate (cel) sheets: Animators use acetate sheets to create the final animation. They draw the characters and backgrounds on separate sheets of acetate, and then layer them together to create the final image.

9. Paint and Paintbrushes: Animators use paint and paintbrushes to color the characters and backgrounds.

10. Ink: Ink is used to outline the characters and create sharp lines.

11. Pegbars: Pegbars are used to hold the paper in place while the animator draws on it. They have holes that align with the frame lines on the paper, which helps ensure that each drawing is in the correct position.

12. Lightbox with Animation Disc: A lightbox with an animation disc is a device used in animation and art that consists of a backlit box with a rotating disc or drum that contains a sequence of images. The images are usually hand-drawn, and when the disc is rotated, they appear to animate due to the persistence of vision effect. The lightbox provides backlighting, making it easier for artists to trace or animate the images on the disc.

13. Camera: The camera is used to photograph each frame of the animation. The frames are then played back in sequence to create the illusion of movement.

14. Computer. There are several types of computers used in animation, including desktops, laptops, and specialized workstations. These computers must be equipped with powerful processors, high-end graphics cards, and large amounts of RAM and storage, which are necessary for working with large and complex animation files.

15. Line Test Software. Line test software is a specialized program used in animation to help animators view their drawings in sequence and ensure that the animation is smooth and consistent. Line test software works by importing individual scanned images of each drawing into the software, and then playing them back in sequence at a desired frame rate. The software provides features for animators to adjust playback speed, loop playback, and switch between different sequences to compare animation movements.