THE giant Titan Arum Flower
In this informative article, Lillie Olson will talk about the history and biology of the ginormous Titan Arum flower.
In this informative article, Lillie Olson will talk about the history and biology of the ginormous Titan Arum flower.
Botanist Oroando Beccari discovered the Amorphophallus Titanum in 1878 in the dense Sumatran equatorial rainforest. Being the largest flower structure found at the time, it only blooms once every seven to nine years, and only at night to early morning. After such an event, though, only 24 to 36 hours remain in the plant's life span. Used as an ornamental display, it is the most popular visitor attraction in the Royal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh.
With a growth rate of about six inches per day, the Titan Arum takes a course of months to grow to the full height of three meters tall in blooming state. When fully developed, the inflorescence has a light brown flower spike inside, also known as the spadix. Enveloping this is a cover of petal-like leaves called the spathe, which are green on the outside and dark purple on the inside. As the Titan Arum is in full bloom, small red fruits are produced and become attached to the spadix. Encyclopedia Britannica’s Amorphophallus Titanum article describes how, once the vibrant fruits are fully formed and almost completely covering the spadix, they “collapse away to facilitate their dispersal, commonly done by rhinoceros hornbills and other animals.” From there, the plant begins to go dormant and recuperates to be ready to bloom again in a few years. When the plant is dormant, the underground comb of nutrients called the corm helps form the petiole. The white, spotted, stalk-like leaf that reaches 4.5-7 meters tall has three branches out to allow leaflets to form, as well. The corm, weighing anywhere from 70 kg to over 100 kg, the largest in the plant kingdom, allows the Titan Arum to photosynthesise up to 18 months in order to be able to bloom again.
Due to the flower only being able to bloom once in several years' time, botanists have been trying to hand grow as many as possible at one time so they do not become endangered. The specific conditions necessary for its growth, naturally occurring in the Sumatra rainforest, are tedious to recreate in different areas. Based on an Edinburgh Royal Garden article on Amorphophallus Titanum history and background, the flower needs to have 22-25ºC in the day and the temperature should never drop below 19ºC at night. Difficult plotting conditions are also an issue: “The 1,000 litre pot is watered with a high potash liquid fertilizer, i.e. tomato fertilizer, and care is taken to avoid waterlogged conditions as this could cause the corm to rot.” After the flowers finish blooming, the risk of them dying increases, so the workers have to be even more careful with their cultivations to help Titan Arum be able to produce another step and bloom again in its next cycle.
Amorphophallus Titanum is one of the least known flowers, but has some of the most unique characteristics. Due to it being so rare and hard to spot, it is often overlooked and has become a worldwide conservation act to collect the corms to preserve the species.