Reflection is when a wave bounces back into the original medium. The law of reflection states that when a light ray strikes a reflecting surface, the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence. The angle of incidence and the angle of reflection are both measured from the normal line.
The normal line is a line that is drawn perpendicular to the surface at the point where the incidence ray hits the surface. The dotted line in the picture shows the normal line that is perpendicular to the surface. You might remember the normal force from chapter 4. The normal force is a support force that is also perpendicular to the surface.
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A light ray strikes a plane mirror at an angle of 23º to the normal. Find the angle of reflection when the light source moves so that the angle of incidence decreases by 11º.
The angle of incidence is 23º. Since it decreases by 11º, the new angle of reflection is 12º.
23º - 11º = 12º
2. A light ray strikes a plane mirror at an angle of 23º to the normal. Find the angle of reflection when the light source moves so that the angle of incidence increases by 29º.
The angle of incidence is 23º. Since it increases by 29º, the new angle of reflection is 52º.
23º + 29º = 52º
Click here for the paper that I use in the video. As you watch this video, pause it and try to draw the reflected ray on your own.
If you do not have a protractor at home, but have a printer, you can print off a protractor here.
When parallel beams of light fall on a very smooth surface, the rays are reflected in parallel.
The rays are reflected in many different directions. The angle of incidence still equals the angle of reflection. Since the surface is rough, the normal lines are in every direction. You can see a diffuse reflection from all directions.
Road glare from a wet road is a result of specular reflection. When the road is dry, the light goes in all directions so the reflection is diffuse. When there is water on the road, the water fills in the cracks in the asphalt, creating a smooth surface. When light is reflected from this smooth surface, it is a specular refection, which can create a glare.
Click on the down arrow when you have your answer to check to see if you are correct.
This picture is a microscopic view of paper enlarged 100 times by an electron microscope. Is light reflected from paper a specular or diffuse reflection?
Paper is very rough, so it is a diffuse reflection.
An echo is reflected sound. Sound reflects from all surfaces - the walls, ceiling, floor, furniture, and people - of a room. The study of reflective properties of surfaces is called acoustics. When the walls of a room, auditorium, or concert hall are too reflective the sound becomes garbled. A reverberation is multiple reflections.
When the reflective surfaces are more absorbent, the sound is lower. You would want a concert hall to have a mix of absorption and reverberation. The walls of a concert hall are designed with grooves so that the sound waves are diffused. Both sound and light obey the same law of reflection, so if you can see an instrument of someone playing in the orchestra pit from a mirror, then you can hear that instrument also
With grooved walls, as in picture a, sound reflects from many small sections of the wall to a listener. Rough walls give a room a feel of full and lively sound. With flat walls, like in picture b, an intense reflected sound comes from only one part of the wall. Smooth walls fail to give the room a feel of full sound.
Sydney Opera House - notice the grooves in the ceiling!
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