* investigate and compare the effectiveness of multiple solutions designed to slow or prevent wind or water from changing the shape of land

* map the shapes and types of landforms and bodies of water in an area

* use examples obtained from informational sources to explain that water is found in the ocean, rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, and may be solid or liquid

* develop and use models to compare how plants and animals depend on their surroundings and other living things to meet their needs in the places they live

* use texts, media, or local environments to observe and compare different living things in an area

* describe materials by observable properties of color, flexibility, hardness, texture, and absorbency

* test materials to decide which materials are best suited for intended purposes

* construct an argument with evidence that some changes to materials by heating or cooling can be reversed, and some cannot

* design and conduct an experiment to show the effects of friction on the relative temperature and speed of objects that rub against each other

* analyze data from tests of two objects designed to solve the same problem to compare the strengths and weaknesses of how each object performs

* locate all of the continents, current boundaries of the USA, Canada and Mexico, the oceans of the world, five major rivers of the world, and major mountain ranges

* describe how maps and globes depict geographical information in different ways

* explain the difference between a continent and a country and give examples of each

*identify countries in Africa and discuss the way of life in each

* locate countries from which parents/relatives/ ancestors came from on a map

* give examples of traditions and customs from other countries that can be found in America

* define and give examples of rights and responsibilities that they have as citizens of the school and country

* give examples of real people who were/are good leaders and citizens, and explain their qualities