* write opinions pieces in which they introduce the topic they are writing about, state an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words to connect opinions and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or question

* write informative/explanatory texts in which they introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding section

* write narratives in which they recount a well- elaborated event or short sequence of events, include details to describe actions, thoughts and feelings, use temporal words to signal event order, and provide a sense of closure

* write stories or poems with dialogue

* focus on a topic and strengthen writing as needed by revising and editing

* use a variety of digital tools to produce and publish writing, including collaboration with peers

* participate in shared research and writing projects

* recall information from experiences, or gather information from provided sources to answer a question

* demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking

* demonstrate command of the conventions of capitalization, punctuation, and spelling

* use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening

* determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade level reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies

* demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings

* use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading, and responding to texts (including using adjectives and adverbs) to describe ideas