This includes protection of natural ecosystems, suspension of logging concessions, and implementation of land-use zoning with coordination mechanisms. These efforts should be embedded within integrated landscape management approaches that address not only land, but also water systems and biodiversity conservation. 

Countries should invest in local stewardship of public ecosystems, ensuring that indigenous peoples are fully included in their planning and management. Such governance models can strengthen biodiversity protection, uphold rights and cultural knowledge, and generate sustainable livelihoods, while aligning conservation with justice and long-term food system resilience.

Governments seek to mandate and enforce zero deforestation and zero intact ecosystem conversion across all food supply chains, with clear accountability and monitoring. Aligning agricultural expansion with commitments, as stated in both the Paris Climate Agreement and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity framework, protects biodiversity, stabilises the climate, and secures long-term food production within planetary boundaries. Healthy diets, improved production, and reduced food loss and waste reduce land pressure enabling such effort. 

Policymakers can advance integrated landscape approaches by creating frameworks that actively involve local actors, community leaders, and Indigenous groups in planning and decision-making. They can provide incentives and funding for collaborative initiatives that balance agricultural productivity, ecosystem restoration, and social equity. Supporting networks and partnerships at national and regional levels helps scale locally led solutions while ensuring sustainable, inclusive governance.

Target the restoration of saved lands and water to increase habitat for biodiversity while recognizing the contributions that these restored spaces make to environmental values such as carbon sequestration, regulation of hydrological cycles, habitat for biodiversity, recreational space, and/or the restoration of indigenous lands and practices. 

In the EU, the Nature Restoration Law is a comprehensive regulation aimed at restoring degraded ecosystems across the EU. It sets binding targets to restore at least 20% of the EU's land and sea areas by 2030, and all ecosystems by 2050. The law is part of the EU's broader biodiversity strategy and climate change mitigation efforts.

In South Africa, the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) is a notable example of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). This program allows communities to sustainably utilize resources within national parks, such as harvesting grass for mats and brooms, thereby maintaining economic activity and cultural practices. CAMPFIRE emphasizes community governance, equitable benefit-sharing, and sustainable resource use, aligning with broader CBNRM objectives.

In Ethiopia and Niger, farmer-managed natural regeneration and agroforestry initiatives have restored degraded land while improving food security and resilience.