UNIT 3: VOCABULARY

ENCOMIENDA: a system in Spanish America which gave leading Spaniards authority.

FLEET SYSTEM: a protective convoy system that grouped galleons togrether whern they crossed the Atlantic.

GLORIUS REVOLUTION: a revolution in 1688 in which the English parliament and the United Dutch provinces overthrew the Catholic monarch, James II of England.

HOLY LEAGUE: alliance between Felipe II, the Catholic Church and Italy.

INVINCIBLE ARMADA: the fleet that Felipe II sent to invade England unsuccessfully in 1588.

LUTHERANISM: a protestant religious movement that promoted a personal religion based on reading the Bible. It took its name from its first leader, Martin Luther.

MESTIZO: in Spanish America, a person of mixed white and native origin.

OLIVER CROMWELL: English political leader that became the first republican leader of the Commonwealth of England (1653-1658).

PEACE OF AUGSBURG: a treaty signed in 1555 that legally divided protestant kingdoms from the Holy Roman Empire.

PENINSULAR SPANIARD: in Spanish America, a white person who was born in Spain.

PROTESTANTISM: a number of religious movements, like Lutheranism and Calvinism, that separated from the Catholic Church.

UNITED PROVINCES: seventeen protestant provinces in the Netherlands that declared their independence from Spain.

VALIDO: a royal favourite that governed on behalf of the monarch.