Ch.9 - Plants
Standards covered in this chapter:
7.LS1.6 - Develop an argument based on empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to explain how behavioral and structural adaptations in animals and plants affect the probability of survival and reproductive success.
7.LS1.7 - Evaluate and communicate evidence that compares and contrasts the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction.
7.LS1.9 - Construct a scientific explanation based on compiled evidence for the processes of photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and anaerobic respiration in the cycling of matter and flow of energy into and out of organisms.
7.LS2.1 - Develop a model to depict the cycling of matter, including carbon and oxygen, including the flow of energy among biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem.
Important Vocabulary:
Chlorophyl - a green photosynthetic pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria.
Photosynthesis - the process by which plants and other autotrophs capture and use light energy to make food from carbon dioxide and water.
Tissue - a group of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Chloroplast - the structures in which food is made.
Vacuole - A sac-like organelle that stores water, food, and other materials.
Nonvascular plant - a low growing plant that lacks true vascular tissue for transporting materials.
Vascular plant - a plant that has true vascular tissue for transporting materials.
Phloem - The vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants.
Pollen - tiny structure produced by seed plants that contain the cell that later becomes a sperm cell.
Seed - the plant structure that contains a young plant and food supply inside a protective covering.
Summary
Nearly all plants are autotrophs and contain many cells surrounded by cell walls. Nonvascular plants are low growing, have thin cell walls, and do not have roots. A seed contains a partially developed plant. All plants undergo sexual reproduction that involves fertilization. Plants show growth responses, or tropisms, toward touch, gravity, and light. In addition to food, plants provide habitats, clean water, and protect soil. Plants are also the base of many products, including medicine, paper, and clothing. The process of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation make up the water cycle.
Fruit is the ripened ovary and other structures of an angiosperm that enclose one or more seeds.
Pollen is a tiny structure produced by seed plants that contain the cell that later becomes a sperm cell.
