Ch.5 - Introduction to cells
Standards covered in this chapter:
7.PS1.2 - Compare and contrast elemental molecules and compound molecules.
7.LS1.1 - Develop and construct models that identify and explain the structure and function of major cell organelles as they contribute to the life activities of the cell and organism.
7.LS1.2 - Conduct an investigation to demonstrate how the cell membrane maintains homeostasis through the process of passive transport.
7.LS1.3 - Evaluate evidence that cells have structural similarities and differences in organisms across kingdoms.
7.LS1.4 - Diagram the hierarchical organization of multicellular organisms from cells to organism.
7.LS1.5 - Explain that the body is a system comprised of subsystems that maintain equilibrium and support life through digestion, respiration, excretion, circulation, sensation (nervous and integumentary) an locomotion (musculoskeletal)
Important Vocabulary:
Cells - the basic units of structure and function in living things.
Cell Theory - A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things.
Multicellular - consisting of many cells.
Unicellular - made of a single cell.
Element - A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means.
Compound - A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio, or proportion.
DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
Double helix - the shape of a DNA molecule.
Nucleic Acid - A very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life.
Selectively Permeable - A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass across it, while others cannot.
Summary
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. All living things are composed of cells, and cells come from other cells. Each kind of cell structure has a different function within a cell. In multicellular organisms, cells are organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems. Elements are the simplest substances. Compounds form when elements combine. Substances move into and out of a cell by one of two processes: passive transport or active transport.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things.
Every organelle has a different function in the cell.
