“A story has no beginning or end: arbitrarily one chooses that moment of experience from which to look back or from which to look ahead.”
“A story has no beginning or end: arbitrarily one chooses that moment of experience from which to look back or from which to look ahead.”
Co-ordinators
Mrs S Palit & Dr Ch Sarajubala Devi
On this 10th Week: under the theme Reading & Expression
We are conducting a story telling workshop in which we will learn how stories are told, and a confluence of stories. Today, we have stories from Adi, Assamese, Bengali, Chakma Garo, Khasi, Kheza, Koch rajbongshi, and Manipuri to celebrate this event. The stories which our students have taken up mainly revolve around different folktales, told in different languages.We will explore what folktales mean to the people and which cultural tradition it carries forward.
Why this event?
Folktales are clear manifestations of the ways of life, culture and traditions. Folktales are imaginative, interesting, and full of wit and wisdom, all mixed in with literary flavour.
In its simplest form folktales are a traditional oral prose narrative, which are meant to be told and retold, and are used to pass on wisdom in an allegorical and symbolic form. One of the most important features of folktales is its ability to be rewritten, revised, and recreated. No one knows who actually started telling these stories, yet the essence, the moral and the cultural value attached to them remain. As a characteristic, folktales set up a fundamental human contrast between polarities such as good and evil, industry and sloth, intelligence and stupidity. Many folktales talk about the origin of cultural practices, the way taboos are observed, explaining specific habits of various animals, the relation between animals, plants and humans, etc. Folktales serves as a foundation of moral values, ethics and wisdom thereby providing us with the ability to feel and to be human by providing a moral lesson.While told to children they see amusement, fascination and the lure of enjoyment created by magic and imaginary things, supernatural beings, foolish characters and wise characters, and the unthinkable worlds available in plenty in the folktales.At the same time it serves as a means through which they understand the relationship with fellow people and the surrounding, the plants and the animals etc.
The use of folktales enhances the cognitive ability and rhetorical reasoning skills. They can be used to explore personal, psychological, emotional, social and cultural truths. Many folktales deal with permanent truths and universal values, and they provide an imaginary context and reference that can have a lifelong impact.
Folktales provide a foundation for children to understand their existence by providing a variety of environments, conflicts and characters which they can relate to. Folktales also help children find a way to look at culture from the inside out, they serve as a therapeutic function, and helps to develop a framework for an individual belief system. It is a powerful invitation into the potential understanding of the culture. It can be read as entrances into a more critical understanding of the socio-cultural surroundings. Since Folktales focuses on universal human realities the genre is capable of transcending cultural barriers, they bring harmony in the young minds of the children. It also helps one in recreating and recognizing events in life.
The North East is full of stories, explaining thousands of natural phenomena and explaining the observed behaviour that imbue a sense of order. Folktales also remind the communities that it is important to keep our obligations, the reasons for which are contained in the stories. These obligations are a way of life, it forms the basis of our social behaviour, the basis for the ceremonies, the rituals and customs we follow, the environment we live in, etc. Listening to the universal human values, customs and traditions in this region will be an enriching experience for all of us, let’s explore what is in store for us today.
THE STORIES
Name of the story: Tso Tawo (The Spirit Stone)
Language: Khezha
About the story: This story is about the spirit stone located in Khezhakeno, a village in the Phek district of Nagaland. According to the story, there was a spirited flat stone which could generate double-fold of the paddy that was parched on the stone by evening. The magnificent stone became legendary and out of fear for her sons fighting each other and even shedding blood over the use of the stone, an old woman set it on fire causing it to shatter into fragments. The remnants of this stone remains preserved even today at its original location.
Name of the story: Kyllang and Symper
Language: Khasi
About the story: This is a story that depicts the personification of two hills, Kyllang and Symper, believed to have been the residing places of gods. The hills lived in harmony among man, however, a clash arises between the two hills when they fight for the respect and honour from mankind. The clash led to great chaos where the earth and the heavens shook. The conflict ends with one hill retreating to another kingdom covered with scars and craters, while the other hill is stripped naked of soil and remains rocky till this day.
Name of the story: Story of Roboh and Niboh
Language: Adi
About the story: This is a story that describes why human beings and Epom, or a mythical spirit, started living separately. According to the story, there were two sons of “Pileh Ruleneh”, or the creator of all beings, who often fought and argued. A competition was held that would decide which of the two brothers would win the fertile land, and which of the two would have to live in the forest. As the brothers fought, the elder of the two brothers, Epom, was chased away to the mountains to live among the trees, to become the mythical spirit found in many Adi folktales.
Name of the story: Dun Ojha’s Son’s Wedding
Language: Koch-Rajboshi
About the story: The story is about a traditional healer whose name was Dun. Dun gained mass popularity through his skills which led to the growth of his pride. The story unravels on an incident that occurs when Dun goes to fetch a bride for his only son’s wedding and how this incident changes his behaviour. The story depicts the rural lifestyles of the Rajbongshis, the prevailing customs and traditions, etc.
Name of the story: Moron Hingiri Eje (How Death Comes)
Language:
About the story: The story begins with an introduction of a group of elephants, two of whom decide to race each other to compete for the position of group leader. At the end of the race, one of the elephants decides to rest. Unbeknownst to the elephant, he laid over a snake hole that was home to a king cobra. The cobra was hungry and thirsty and bit the elephant in an attempt to find a way out of the snake hole. The story concludes with the death of the elephant, the snake who remains trapped and dies of thirst and hunger, and an ignorant fox who attempts to get inside the stomach of the elephant for food, but gets trapped and dies of asphyxiation. The story leaves everyone contemplating about “how death comes”.
Name of story: Siloni’r Jiyekor Xadhu (The Story of the Kite’s Daughter)
Language:
About the story: Siloni’r Jiyekor Xadhu is a story taken from Lakshminath Bezbarua’s collection of stories for children, Burhi Aair Xadhu, or “Old Mother’s Tales”. The story is considered one of the most popular children’s writing in Assam since it was first published in Colonial Assam. The story follows the life of a young girl who was set adrift on a river after she was born, and was later raised under the guidance and protection of a kite. The story ends with a universal moral lesson that leaves listeners introspecting about honesty and kindness.
Name of the story: A Flock of Cranes
Language: Bangla
About the story: This is a story that captures the essence of how rumours can spread, while also growing further away from the truth of a situation or circumstance. The story is about a pandit who was on his way home, and coughs up a single crane feather. Worried about what had happened, the pandit shares the incident with his wife who promised not to tell anyone what happened. Filled with worry for her husband, she shares the incident with her neighbour, who tells her friend, who continues to share it with other people leading people to believe that the pandit coughed up a myriad of exotic birds. To avoid becoming a spectacle in his own home and village, the pandit runs away, while awaiting for a new story to fill the minds of the villagers.
Name of the story: Tejimola
Language:
About the story: Tejimola is a popular story written by Laxminath Bezbarua. The story is a part of collection of stories titles Burhi Aair Xadhu. The story follows the life and consequent murder of a beautiful and lonely girl named Tejimola, at the hands of her stepmother. The brutal murder of Tejimola led to different instances and forms of reincarnation where Tejimola conveys her sad story to people. The step-mother tries to dispose of the different forms that Tejimola takes. However, Tejimola’s father comes across her in the form of a lotus where she tells her father about what had happened, leading to the step-mother being sent away and Tejimola ultimately transforming back into her human form to live happily with her mother
Name of the story: Xorobjan (The One who Knows All)
Language:
About the story: This is a story about a named Phoning and how he came to be known as Xorobjan, or “the one who knows all”. This is a story of chance that illustrates how the intelligence of a man and his keen observation skills led him to live in the king’s court. The story talks about how Phoning was posed with different kinds of questions, and through luck was able to prove that he was really Xorobjan or “the one who knows all”.
Name of the story: Ou-Kuwari (The Princess in the Elephant Apple)
Language:
About the story: This is a story that teaches us how true beauty is internal. It follows the birth of a princess in the form of a fruit and consequent disposal of the fruit by her saddened mother who was unaware of the beautiful girl that emerged from the fruit. A prince marries the fruit and under the wise counsel of an old woman, was able to keep the beautiful girl in her human form. The story emphasises on the importance of genuine love and how seeking wise counsel can help us overcome challenges.
Name of the story: Ita Thaomei
Language:Manipuri
About the story: The story is about a wise and rich woman she was all alone in the house while she was spinning the thread at night she noticed a thief entering her house and waiting for a chance to steal. The woman build a story by pretending that she and her lamp (Thaomei) always talks and continued a story in which a thief entered the house. While narrating the story she shouted “a thief has entered in my house! Come and help me”. This alarmed the neighbours and they chased the thief away. The moral of the story is wisdom saves when strength fails.