Koki`o `ula

Koki`o `ula is also known as the Hawaiian red hibiscus. It grows throughout the islands except on the cliffs of northwestern Kaua`i. There are two subspecies of the Hibiscus koki`o. Those of the H. kokio ssp. saintjohnianus have orange-red colored flowers. Those of the Hibiscus kokio ssp. kokio have red flowers. In the Hawaiian language, `ula means "red" as in the color of this native flower.

The small tree has several branches that grow out of the main stem. Unpruned, the tree can grow 21 feet high. The leaves vary in shape depending on the species and may have serrated edges. Generally, they are narrowly triangular. Red flowers about 1 to 1½ inches wide grow at the tips of the branches. The stamen is unique in that the anthers widely protrude, drawing the eye to the yellow puff which is larger than other hibiscus.

Koki`o `ula can tolerate shade, but flowers more profusely with sunlight.

Traditional Cultural and Medicinal Usages

• The wood was used by early Hawaiians to make a fine charcoal
• The flowers were fashioned into striking lei, which lasted only a day
• Koki`o `ula was pounded with other plants, juice strained, and taken to purify blood
• The leaves were chewed and swallowed as a laxative
• The seeds were eaten to strengthen a weak child