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In this topic we investigate how to prevent heat loss by conduction, convection and radiation
In this topic we investigate how to prevent heat loss by conduction, convection and radiation
and explain how pulling an object is doing work.
and explain how pulling an object is doing work.
By the end of this topic you should know:
By the end of this topic you should know:
The thermal energy of an object depends upon its mass and temperature and what it’s made of. When there is a temperature difference, energy transfers from the hotter to the cooler object.
Thermal energy is transferred through different pathways, by particles in conduction and convection, and by radiation.
Work is done and energy transferred when a force moves an object. The bigger the force or distance, the greater the work. Machines make work easier by reducing the force needed. Levers and pulleys do this by increasing the distance moved, and wheels reduce friction.
By the end of this topic you should be able to:
By the end of this topic you should be able to:
Explain observations about changing temperature in terms of energy transfer.
Describe how an object's temperature changes over time when heated or cooled.
Explain how a method of thermal insulation works in terms of conduction, convection and radiation.
Sketch diagrams to show convection currents in unfamiliar situations.
Sketch a graph to show the pattern of temperature change against time.
Evaluate a claim about insulation in the home or for clothing technology.
Compare and contrast the three ways that energy can be moved from one place to another by heating.
Draw a diagram to explain how a lever makes a job easier.
Compare the work needed to move objects different distances.
Use the formula: work done (J) = force (N) x distance moved (m) to compare energy transferred for objects moving horizontally.
By the end of this topic you should understand these key words:
By the end of this topic you should understand these key words:
Thermal conductor: Material that allows heat to move quickly through it.
Thermal insulator: Material that only allows heat to travel slowly through it.
Temperature: A measure of the motion and energy of the particles.
Thermal energy: The quantity of energy stored in a substance due to the vibration of its particles.
Conduction: Transfer of thermal energy by the vibration of particles.
Convection: Transfer of thermal energy when particles in a heated fluid rise.
Radiation: Transfer of thermal energy as a wave.
Work: The transfer of energy when a force moves an object, in joules.
Lever: A type of machine which is a rigid bar that pivots about a point.
Input force: The force you apply to a machine.
Output force: The force that is applied to the object moved by the machine.
Displacement: The distance an object moves from its original position.
Deformation: When an elastic object is stretched or squashed, which requires work.
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