Home Page Citations
Intro paragraph
“The Persian Royal Road: Connecting an Empire through Infrastructure and Architectural Marvels.” Kam Austine, 3 July 2024, kamaustine.com/2024/07/03/the-persian-royal-road-connecting-an-empire-through-infrastructure-and-architectural-marvels/.
Bekhrad, Joobin. “The Surprising Origins of the Postal Service.” Www.bbc.com, 25 June 2020, www.bbc.com/travel/article/20200624-iran-the-surprising-origins-of-the-postal-service.
“Persian Military History | EBSCO.” EBSCO Information Services, Inc. | Www.ebsco.com, 2023, www.ebsco.com/research-starters/military-history-and-science/persian-military-history.
Cyrus Cylinder Citations
'10 Facts about the Cyrus Cylinder.” Asia Society, asiasociety.org/northern-california/10-facts-about-cyrus-cylinder. Accessed 3 Oct. 2025.
Endelman, Gary , and Cyrus Mehta. “How Cyrus’ View of Religious Toleration May Have Inspired the American Constitution | the Insightful Immigration Blog.” Blog.cyrusmehta.com, 12 July 2013, blog.cyrusmehta.com/2013/07/how-cyrus-view-of-religious-toleration-may-have-inspired-the-american-constitution.html.
Manesh , Nasser. “The Cyrus Cylinder Tour of the U.S.: Culture Transcending Politics.” USC Center on Public Diplomacy, 2 May 2013, uscpublicdiplomacy.org/pdin_monitor_article/cyrus-cylinder-tour-us-culture-transcending-politics.
Margulies, Joanie. “Cyrus Cylinder: Symbol of Tolerance, Religious Freedom, Jewish History | the Jerusalem Post.” The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com, 24 June 2025, www.jpost.com/archaeology/article-858869.
The British Museum. “The Cyrus Cylinder | British Museum.” The British Museum, The British Museum, www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1880-0617-1941.
“The Cyrus Cylinder and Ancient Persia: A New Beginning.” Asian Art, 18 July 2013, about.asianart.org/press/the-cyrus-cylinder-and-ancient-persia-a-new-beginning/.
The J. Paul Getty Museum. “Ancient Iran and the Classical World.” Getty, 2 Apr. 2022, www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/persia/explore.html. Accessed 3 Oct. 2025.
The MET. “The Cyrus Cylinder and Ancient Persia: Charting a New Empire.” Metmuseum.org, 2021, www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2013/cyrus-cylinder. Accessed 3 Oct. 2025.
Cavalry citations
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Huang, Junjie, et al. “Explaining Expansion of Persian Empire: The Use of Cavalry.” THE UTILIZATION OF CAVALRY SYSTEM IN THE PERSIAN EMPIRE, vol. 1, no. 1, 2021, p. 976-979.
Nedfkin, Alexander k. “THE TACTICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ACHAEMENID CAVALRY.” THE TACTICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ACHAEMENID CAVALRY, vol. 1, no. 1, 2006, pp. 7-16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307739758_The_tactical_development_of_Achaemenid_cavalry.
J. Arthur R. Munro. “Some Observations on the Persian Wars.” The Journal of HellenicStudies, vol. 19, 1899, pp. 185–97. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/623848. Accessed 28 Oct. 2025.
Radpour, Ardeshir. “THE ANCIENT IRANIAN MILITARY HISTORY; The Achaemenid Imperial Army | CAIS©.” Cais-Soas, The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies, 1998, https://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/History/hakhamaneshian/achaemenid_army.htm. Accessed 28 October 2025.
A. Sh. Shahbazi, “ARMY i. Pre-Islamic Iran,” Encyclopædia Iranica, II/5, pp. 489-499, available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/army-i (accessed on 30 December 2012).
Royal Road citations
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“The Diary of Young Explorers: Iran and the Royal Road | Silk Roads Programme.” En.unesco.org, en.unesco.org/silkroad/content/diary-young-explorers-iran-and-royal-road.
“The Persian Royal Road: Connecting an Empire through Infrastructure and Architectural Marvels.” Kam Austine, 3 July 2024, kamaustine.com/2024/07/03/the-persian-royal-road-connecting-an-empire-through-infrastructure-and-architectural-marvels/.
“Royal Road - (World History – before 1500) - Vocab, Definition, Explanations | Fiveable.” Fiveable.me, 2025, fiveable.me/key-terms/world-history-to-1500/royal-road.
“Royal Road - Livius.” Www.livius.org, 16 Dec. 2019, www.livius.org/articles/concept/royal-road/.
“Persian Empire | National Geographic Society.” Education.nationalgeographic.org, 20 May 2022, education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/persian-empire/.
Qanat citations
Ahmadi, H., Nazari Samani, A., Malekian, A. (2010). The Qanat: A Living History in Iran. In: Schneier-Madanes, G., Courel, MF. (eds) Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2776-4_8
Bekhrad, Joobin. “Iran’s ancient engineering marvel.” BBC, Joobin Bekhrad, 20 June 2018 June 2018, https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20180619-irans-ancient-engineering-marvel.
Easton, Peter. “The Qanat System: Ancient Technology for Sustainable Water Use.” https://revolve.media/, 5 August 2021 August 2021, https://revolve.media/beyond/how-qanats-work.
Esmaeili, G., A. Habibi, and H. R. Esmaeili. “Qanat System, an Ancient Water Management System in Iran: History, Architectural Design and Fish Diversity”. International Journal of Aquatic Biology, vol. 10, no. 2, June 2022, pp. 131-44, https://ij-aquaticbiology.com/index.php/ijab/article/view/1515.
Shahedi, M. "Climate Change and Drought Adverse Effects on Iranian Food Security and Food Safety." Symposium Committee. 2015.
Refrigeration citations
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“Persian Ice Towers”. Archaeology Now, 2016. https://www.archaeologynow.org/blog/persian-ice-towers
“Yakhchal: Ancient Refrigerators”. Earth Architecture, 2009. https://eartharchitecture.org/?p=570
“The Yakhchal: Ancient Ice-Making Machines In The Desert”. Atlantic International
University. https://www.aiu.edu/innovative/the-yakhchal-ancient-ice-making-machines-in-the-desert/
“2,400 Years Before Refrigerators: How Persians Made Ice in the Desert”. Vocal
Media, 2025. https://vocal.media/history/2-400-years-before-refrigerators-how-persians-made-ice-in-the-desert
Postal Service citations
Thomson, Jonny. “5 Ways Ancient Persia Shaped Our Modern World.” Big Think, 20 Mar. 2023.
5 ways ancient Persia shaped our modern world
Majlesi, Afshin. “World Post Day: A Brief History of Postal Service in Ancient Iran.” Tehran Times, 8
World Post Day: a brief history of postal service in ancient Iran
Bekhrad, Joobin. “The Surprising Origins of the Postal Service.” Www.bbc.com, 25 June 2020.
The surprising origins of the postal service
National Geographic Society. “Persian Empire | National Geographic Society.
Persian Empire | National Geographic Society