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Dr. Lauren Kilroy-Ewbank. “Mesoamerica, an Introduction – Smarthistory.” Smarthistory.org, 2017, smarthistory.org/mesoamerica-an-introduction/.
Edu, World History. “Religious Practices and Major Deities of Pre-Columbian Civilizations.” World History Edu, 16 Feb. 2024, worldhistoryedu.com/religious-practices-and-major-deities-of-pre-columbian-civilizations/.
The. “The Archaeologist.” The Archaeologist, 9 Dec. 2025, www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/the-lost-civilization-of-the-olmecs-the-first-mesoamerican-empire. Accessed 9 Dec. 2025.
University, McGill. “What Is Mesoamerica?” ThoughtCo, 30 June 2019, www.thoughtco.com/what-is-mesoamerica-1588575.
Pyramids
Pyramids
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-Interesting Links-
Travel Stories and Guides for Independent Travelers
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“ANCIENT MAYA CIVILIZATION | MESOAMERICAN Research Center.” Www.marc.ucsb.edu, 2010, www.marc.ucsb.edu/research/maya/ancient-maya-civilization. Accessed 3 Oct. 2025.
History, Imagining. “Maya (Mayan) Pyramids - Keystage 2 Guide.” Imagining History, 15 Mar. 2021, www.imagininghistory.co.uk/post/maya-pyramids-keystage-2-guide. Accessed 3 Oct. 2025.
---. “Maya (Mayan) Pyramids - Keystage 2 Guide.” Imagining History, 15 Mar. 2021, www.imagininghistory.co.uk/post/maya-pyramids-keystage-2-guide. Accessed 27 Oct. 2025.
published, Owen Jarus. “What’s Hidden inside the Ancient Maya Pyramids?” Livescience.com, 27 May 2022, www.livescience.com/what-is-inside-maya-pyramids. Accessed 7 Oct. 2025.
Brinkhof, Tim. “The 3 Secrets behind Ancient Maya’s Super Strong Architecture.” Discover Magazine, 15 Nov. 2023, www.discovermagazine.com/the-3-secrets-behind-ancient-mayas-super-strong-architecture-45556. Accessed 5 Nov. 2025.
Obsidian Tools
Obsidian Tools
-Interesting Links-
Maya Bloodletting and Piercing
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Ancient Civs Editorial. “Obsidian Use in Mesoamerica: Significance and Applications - Ancient Civs.” The Insurance Universe, 4 Aug. 2024, ancientcivs.blog/obsidian-use-in-mesoamerica/. Accessed 9 Dec. 2025.
Learn, Joshua Rapp. “Ancient Maya Bloodletting Tools or Common Kitchen Knives? How Archaeologists Tell the Difference.” Smithsonian Magazine, 24 Aug. 2016, www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/ancient-maya-bloodletting-tools-or-kitchen-knives-how-archaeologists-tell-difference-1-180960232/.
Stemp, W. James. “Explorations in Ancient Maya Blood-Letting: Experimentation and Microscopic Use-Wear Analysis of Obsidian Blades.” Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, vol. 7, June 2016, pp. 368–378, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.05.019.
“Study Reveals Vast Aztec Trade Networks behind Ancient Obsidian Artifacts.” Tulane University News, 12 May 2025, news.tulane.edu/pr/study-reveals-vast-aztec-trade-networks-behind-ancient-obsidian-artifacts.
The. “The Archaeologist.” The Archaeologist, 23 Feb. 2025, www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/the-ancient-use-of-obsidian-tools.
Hieroglyphics
Hieroglyphics
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“The Maya Calendar Explained - Maya Archaeologist - Dr Diane Davies.” Maya Archaeologist - Dr Diane Davies, 27 Jan. 2025, www.mayaarchaeologist.co.uk/public-resources/maya-world/maya-calendar-system/?srsltid=AfmBOoppif4jMHb4NrlYB2rrM2lMAFsx06QSm6FyMGNYpmJhiMt0HlGY. Accessed 28 Oct. 2025.
Davies, Diane. “Maya Writing System and Hieroglyphic Script - KS2.” Maya Archaeologist - Dr Diane Davies, www.mayaarchaeologist.co.uk/school-resources/maya-world/maya-writing-system/. Accessed 3 Oct. 2025.
Davies, Diane. “Maya Writing System and Hieroglyphic Script - KS2.” Maya Archaeologist - Dr Diane Davies, www.mayaarchaeologist.co.uk/school-resources/maya-world/maya-writing-system/. Accessed 3 Oct. 2025.
Chocolate
Chocolate
-Interesting Links-
BBC - A Brief History of Chocolate
-Information-
Anderson, E. N. “An Anthropology of Chocolate.” American Anthropologist, edited by Cameron L. McNeil, vol. 110, no. 1, 2008, pp. 71–73, www.jstor.org/stable/27563884. Accessed 16 Sept. 2025.
De Shon, Pashmina. “Cacao Culture in Mesoamerica.” Bar & Cocoa, 2023, barandcocoa.com/pages/cacao-culture-in-mesoamerica?srsltid=AfmBOoocg1shtPM8-IgnedwpS8UQZMmFfHjE0Qz3P0F5v_mEPr9wWgeP. Accessed 25 Sept. 2025.
Edgar, Blake. “The Power of Chocolate.” Archaeology, vol. 63, no. 6, 2010, pp. 20–25, www.jstor.org/stable/41780626. Accessed 16 Sept. 2025.
Powis, Terry G., et al. “The Origins of Cacao Use in Mesoamerica.” Mexicon, vol. 30, no. 2, 2008, pp. 35–38, www.jstor.org/stable/23759545. Accessed 16 Sept. 2025.
Orellana, de, et al. “Chocolate: Cultivation and Culture in PreHispanic Mexico.” Artes de México, vol. 103, no. 103, [Margarita de Orellana, Artes de Mexico y del Mundo, S.A.], 2011, pp. 65–80, https://www.jstor.org/stable/24318969. JSTOR.
Longcore, Matthew. “The Mesoamerican Origins of Chocolate Featuring EHRAF Archaeology.” Human Relations Area Files - Cultural Information for Education and Research, 20 Mar. 2020, hraf.yale.edu/the-mesoamerican-origins-of-chocolate-featuring-ehraf-archaeology/.
Norton, Marcy. “Conquests of Chocolate.” OAH Magazine of History, vol. 18, no. 3, [Oxford University Press, Organization of American Historians], 2004, pp. 14–17, https://doi.org/10.2307/25163677. JSTOR.
Just, Bryan R. “Mysteries of the Maize God.” Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University, vol. 68, Princeton University Art Museum, 2009, pp. 2–15, https://www.jstor.org/stable/25747104. JSTOR.
Creamer, Winifred. “Mesoamerica as a Concept: An Archaeological View from Central America.” Latin American Research Review, vol. 22, no. 1, [The Latin American Studies Association, Cambridge University Press], 1987, pp. 35–62, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2503542 . JSTOR.
Mathematics
Mathematics
-Interesting Links-
-Information-
O’Brien, Patricia J., and Hanne D. Christiansen. “An Ancient Maya Measurement System.” American Antiquity, vol. 51, no. 1, 1986, pp. 136–51. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/280400. Accessed 16 Sept. 2025.
Maya Mathematics. Dr. Diane Davies, 2025, www.mayaarchaeologist.co.uk/public-resources/maya-world/maya-mathematics-resources. Accessed 17 Sept. 2025.
The Maya Calendar Explained. Dr. Diane Davies, 2025,
www.mayaarchaeologist.co.uk/public-resources/maya-world/maya-calendar-system.
Accessed 17 Sept. 2025.
Pb-Planet. (2023, May 27). Maya Number System - Maya Numerals - Maya Mathematics - Planet Archaeology. Planet Archaeology. https://planetarchaeology.co.uk/maya-number-system/
Holden, Constance. “How Aztecs Did the Math.” Www.science.org, Constance Holden, 3 Apr. 2008, www.science.org/content/article/how-aztecs-did-math. Accessed 22 Sept. 2025.
Chinampas
Chinampas
-Interesting Links
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Coe, Michael D. “THE CHINAMPAS OF MEXICO.” Scientific American, vol. 211, no. 1, 1964, pp. 90–99. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24931564 . Accessed 16 Sept. 2025.
Calnek, Edward E. “Settlement Pattern and Chinampa Agriculture at Tenochtitlan.” American Antiquity, vol. 37, no. 1, 1972, pp. 104–15. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/278892. Accessed 16 Sept. 2025.
Chinampa: An Ancient Agricultural System. 2 Feb. 2018, hilo.hawaii.edu/nihopeku/2018/02/02/chinampa-an-ancient-agricultural-system
Archaeologist. “‘Chinampas’: The Ancient Aztec Floating Gardens That Hold Promise for Future Urban Agriculture.” The Archaeologist, 28 Sept. 2024, www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/chinampas-the-ancient-aztec-floating-gardens-that-hold-promise-for-future-urban-agriculture#google_vignette
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