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“10 Surprising Facts about Leonardo Da Vinci’s “Ginevra De’ Benci” | National Gallery of Art.” National Gallery of Art, 26 Jan. 2024, www.nga.gov/stories/articles/10-surprising-facts-about-leonardo-da-vincis-ginevra-de-benci.

Britannica. “Italy - the Early Italian Renaissance.” Encyclopædia Britannica, 2019, www.britannica.com/place/Italy/The-early-Italian-Renaissance. Accessed 20 Nov. 2025.

History.com Editors. “Italian Renaissance - Da Vinci, Galileo & Humanism.” HISTORY, 18 Oct. 2010, www.history.com/articles/italian-renaissance. Accessed 20 Nov. 2025.

Monfasani, John. “THE RISE and FALL of RENAISSANCE ITALY.” Aevum, vol. 89, no. 3, Vita e Pensiero – Pubblicazioni dell’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015, pp. 465–81, https://doi.org/10.2307/43824718. JSTOR. Accessed 20 Nov. 2025.

Sarah. “Brunelleschi “Rediscovers” Linear Perspective - Drawing Academy.” Drawing Academy, 26 Sept. 2018, drawingacademy.com/brunelleschi-rediscovers-linear-perspective. 

Zucker, Steven. “Masaccio, Holy Trinity – Smarthistory.” Smarthistory.org, 2015, smarthistory.org/masaccio-holy-trinity/.

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“‘beauty Adorns Virtue’: Italian Renaissance Fashion.” Fashion History Timeline, 16 Jan. 2018, fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/beauty-adorns-virtue-italian-renaissance-fashion/. Accessed 28 Nov. 2025.

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Smarthistory – Perugino, Christ Giving the Keys of the Kingdom to St. Peter, Smarthistory.org,  smarthistory.org/perugino-christ-giving-the-keys-of-the-kingdom-to-st-peter/. Accessed 28 Nov. 2025. 

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Forbes, Mia. “Filippo Brunelleschi: The Father of Renaissance Architecture - Artists.” TheCollector, www.thecollector.com/filippo-brunelleschi-the-father-of-renaissance-architecture/. Accessed 28 Nov. 2025. 

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Sarah. “Brunelleschi “Rediscovers” Linear Perspective - Drawing Academy.” Drawing Academy, 26 Sept. 2018, drawingacademy.com/brunelleschi-rediscovers-linear-perspective.  

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Khan Academy. www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/beginners-renaissance-florence/a/linear-perspective-interactive. Accessed 28 Nov. 2025. 

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Cloud, Siesta. “Masaccio.” Tuscany Guide, tuscany.guide/explore-tuscany/review/324-old-masters/325-early-renaissance/2321-masaccio. Accessed 28 Nov. 2025.

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Zucker, Steven. “Masaccio, Holy Trinity – Smarthistory.” Smarthistory.org, 2015, smarthistory.org/masaccio-holy-trinity/. 

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Milovanović, Miloš, and Nicoletta Saulig. “The Duality of Psychological and Intrinsic Time in Artworks.” MDPI, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 14 June 2024, www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/12/12/1850.

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“10 Surprising Facts about Leonardo Da Vinci’s “Ginevra De’ Benci” | National Gallery of Art.” National Gallery of Art, 26 Jan. 2024, www.nga.gov/stories/articles/10-surprising-facts-about-leonardo-da-vincis-ginevra-de-benci.

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“The Feast of the Gods by Giovanni Bellini, Titian.” National Gallery of Art, 2017, www.nga.gov/artworks/1138-feast-gods.

“10 Surprising Facts about Leonardo Da Vinci’s “Ginevra De’ Benci” | National Gallery of Art.” National Gallery of Art, 26 Jan. 2024, www.nga.gov/stories/articles/10-surprising-facts-about-leonardo-da-vincis-ginevra-de-benci.

Atkins, Nelson. “GAINING PERSPECTIVE.” Nelson-Atkins.org, 2021, nelson-atkins.org/gates/gaining-perspective.html.

Cenacolo Vinciano. “The Last Supper, Leonardo Da Vinci.” Museo Del Cenacolo Vinciano, 2025, cenacolovinciano.org/en/museum/the-works/the-last-supper-leonardo-da-vinci-1452-1519/.

Chatterjee S. The math in the last supper: Use of linear perspective [Internet]. Medium; 2024 [cited 2025 Oct 27]. Available from: https://medium.com/@shubhra.chat2007/the-math-in-the-last-supper-use-of-linear-perspective-25d6acafea5f.

“The Feast of the Gods by Giovanni Bellini, Titian.” National Gallery of Art, 2017, www.nga.gov/artworks/1138-feast-gods.

“Ginevra De’ Benci [Obverse] by Leonardo Da Vinci.” National Gallery of Art, 2019, www.nga.gov/artworks/50724-ginevra-de-benci-obverse.

HISTORY.com Editors 2. “Renaissance Period: Timeline, Art & Facts.” HISTORY, 4 Apr. 2018, www.history.com/articles/renaissance. Accessed 27 Sept. 2025.

“Italian Renaissance | National Gallery of Art.” National Gallery of Art, 2022, www.nga.gov/artworks/italian-renaissance. 

“Leon Battista Alberti Paintings, Bio, Ideas.” The Art Story, www.theartstory.org/artist/alberti-leon-battista/.

Linear Perspective Explained.” Smarthistory.org, smarthistory.org/linear-perspective-explained/.

O’Hanlon, George. “Innovative Materials on the Venetian Renaissance Palette.” Naturalpigments.com, Natural Pigments, 4 May 2022, http://www.naturalpigments.com/artist-materials/materials-venetian-renaissancepalette?srsltid=AfmBOoqUV2GmW8dgFQNQaU3kF030CrCglptfmwSbf0PRKiDOGU64G7DO. Accessed 27 Sept. 2025.

 Sarah. “Brunelleschi “Rediscovers” Linear Perspective - Drawing Academy.” Drawing Academy, 26 Sept. 2018, drawingacademy.com/brunelleschi-rediscovers-linear-perspective.  

Smarthistory. “Linear Perspective: Brunelleschi’s Experiment.” YouTube, YouTube Video, 20 Nov. 2011, www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkNMM8uiMww. Accessed 26 Oct. 2020. 

Wilde, Robert. “Key Renaissance Events in Art, Philosophy, Politics, Religion, and Science.” ThoughtCo, 2018, www.thoughtco.com/renaissance-timeline-4158077.

WETA PBS. “In 1967, the Most Expensive Art Ever Purchased Arrived at DC’s National Gallery of Art in a Suitcase.” YouTube, 18 Nov. 2024, www.youtube.com/watch?v=vESP29ANlVo. Accessed 1 Dec. 2025. 

Zucker, Steven. “Masaccio, Holy Trinity – Smarthistory.” Smarthistory.org, 2015, smarthistory.org/masaccio-holy-trinity/.

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“Renaissance Weapons.” Www.renaissance-Spell.com, www.renaissance-spell.com/Renaissance-Weapons.html.

Kelly, John. “How Musketeers Worked.” HowStuffWorks, 4 Oct. 2011, history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/musketeer.htm. Accessed 9 Oct. 2025.

GÁBOR, ÁGOSTON. “JSTOR.” Jstor.org, 8 Oct. 2025, www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%E2%80%9CFirearms+and+Military+Adaptation%3A+The+Ottomans+and+the+European+Military+Revolution%2C+1450-1800.%E2%80%9D&so=rel. Accessed 8 Oct. 2025.

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Latham, Marcia. “The Astrolabe.” The American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 24, no. 4, 1917, pp. 162–68. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2973089. Accessed 16 Sept. 2025.

North, J. D. “THE ASTROLABE.” Scientific American, vol. 230, no. 1, 1974, pp. 96–107. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/24949987. Accessed 16 Sept. 2025.

Ionides, S. A. “Description of an Astrolabe.” The Geographical Journal, vol. 24, no. 4, 1904, pp. 411–17. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1775947. Accessed 16 Sept. 2025.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "astrolabe". Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Mar. 2025, https://www.britannica.com/science/astrolabe-instrument. Accessed 17 September 

 Quinlan-McGrath, Mary. “The Villa Farnesina, Time-Telling Conventions and Renaissance Astrological Practice.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, vol. 58, 1995, pp. 53–71. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/751504. Accessed 3 Oct. 2025.

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