Individual Measures
The following are some commonly used measures of Individual level racism.
Index of Race-Related Stress-Brief Version (IRRS-B)
Description: Subset of the Index of Race-Related Stress (IRRS) that measures race-related stress
Source:
Chapman-Hilliard, C., Abdullah, T., Denton, E., Holman, A., & Awad, G. (2020). The Index of Race-Related Stress-Brief: Further Validation, Cross-Validation, and Item Response Theory-Based Evidence. JOURNAL OF BLACK PSYCHOLOGY, 46(6–7), 550–580. https://doi-org.revproxy.brown.edu/10.1177/0095798420947508.
Internalized Racial Oppression Scale for Black Individuals
Description: Measure development and validation of a internalized oppression scale (subscales: Belief in the Biased Representation of History, Devaluation of the African Worldview and Motifs, Alteration of Physical Appearance (APA), Internalization of Negative Stereotypes, and Hair Change)
Source:
Bailey TK, Chung YB, Williams WS, Singh AA, Terrell HK. Development and validation of the Internalized Racial Oppression Scale for Black individuals. J Couns Psychol. 2011 Oct;58(4):481-93. doi: 10.1037/a0023585. PMID: 21728412.
Brown Access here.
Coping with Discrimination (Yes Health and NSAL Studies)
Description: Two measures of how individuals cope with the discrimination experienced (e.g., criticized or lectured yourself, expressed anger or got mad)
Sources:
McNeilly, M.D., Anderson, N.B., Armstead, C.A., Clark, R., Corbett, M., Robinson, E.L., Pieper, C.F. & Lepisto, E.M. “The perceived racism scale: A multidimensional assessment of the experience of white racism among African Americans.” Ethnicity and Disease. 1996; 6 (1,2), 154-166.
Brown Access here.
Krieger, N. “Racial and gender discrimination: Risk factors for high blood pressure?” Social Science and Medicine. 1990; 30 (12), 1273-1281.
Brown Access here.
Heightened Vigilance Scale
Description: Measure of vigilance coping mechanisms to discrimination experiences
Sources:
https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/davidrwilliams/files/measuring_discrimination_resource_june_2016.pdf
Himmelstein, M. S., Young, D. M., Sanchez, D. T., & Jackson, J. S. (2015). Vigilance in the discrimination-stress model for Black Americans. Psychology & health, 30(3), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2014.966104
Brown Access here.