Online classes can be conducted either synchronously (real-time virtual classrooms or chat) or asynchronously, meaning that postings are staggered. The asynchronous environment allows participants to log on to the class or discussion at any time, think about what is being discussed, and post their own response when they wish. But recent advances in synchronous technology as well as increasing sill with its use are increasing the benefits of this form of technology in community building and the delivery or an online class.
Source: Palloff, R. M., & Pratt, K. (2007). Building Online Learning Communities: Effective Strategies for the Virtual Classroom. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
This video describes the difference between synchronous and asynchronous learning, then offers examples of activities that may be used and concern to troubleshoot.
At this link you'll find charts from the online course "Transitioning to Teaching Online," taught at Pierce College, displaying a variety of tools available to support teaching in either mode.
The discussion forum is an important tool in the asynchronous learning environment. This video by Dr. Christi Godard shares how to create and facilitate engaging classroom conversations.
This video discusses how to moderate class discussions so students feel empowered to actively engage with the course material.