Migration Melodies
"A Shared Symphony of Identity and Change"
"A Shared Symphony of Identity and Change"
Sei Truong, Kaleigh Taylor, Grace Saltonstall, Purnendu Jha
Our website takes a comparative approach to exploring migration through the lens of music of Germans residing in the Phoenix, Arizona and those who immigrate to Germany. Throughout history, music has been a tool for expression. Migrant communities can use this art for as a way to allow displaced groups of people to continue to foster a connection with their unique cultural heritage while also integrating into their new environments. Through this, we aim to answer the question: how does music shape the identity of migrants, build community ties, and serve as a point of expression and activism for social justice concerning those groups?
Germans first came to the Americas as early as 1607. They came to escape religious persecution in Germany and sought opportunities to make a new life in the Americas. Just like British settlers, they were allured by the prospect of cheap land and often made their way here through indentured servitude. Most German migration, though, occurred in the form of one extremely large wave spanned by the time period between the American Revolution and the first world war.
During this time, German Americans have helped build several industries such as banking, brewing, and railroading. During this time, German Americans were also able to hold political power, though they weren't as prominent as the ones descended from British settlers. Several cities such as New York City, Baltimore, Milwaukee, and New Orleans just wouldn't be the same without them.
During WWI and WWII, they did face discrimination, though, as they were suspected of being German spies. Also, all European immigration, including that from Germany, was restricted, which is why German immigration dropped off. There were also significant legal hurdles that Germans faced in obtaining citizenship.
Today, though, German Americans remain a large portion of the U.S population, being easily in the top 5 for ancestry in the United States. German Americans are so well integrated into American culture that they are not really considered by many to be a distinct group anymore. In fact, things we consider American staples like hot dogs, hamburgers, and soft pretzels originated from Germany, showing just how mainstream some elements of German culture have become.
In short, while German Americans have had one of the longest histories of migration to America, their history isn't as unique as it is for many other migrant groups and their history is similar to that of the original British settlers.
German immigrants who came to the Americas brought a plethora of musical styles and influences with them including music such as waltzes, polkas, folk music, hausmusik, and oom-pah bands. By the eighteenth century, American audiences were already familiar with German composers’ works. As the nineteenth century began, German immigrants took the initiative to form symphonic and choral groups. The wave of German immigration that commenced in 1848 brought a multitude of musicians, educators, music publishers, and conductors, who played a key role in creating conservatories, chamber music ensembles, symphonic orchestras, opera companies, and amateur choirs. During World War I, a brief surge of nationalism shifted attention to American composers, prompting certain conductors to feature more American, French, and Russian art music in their performances. Despite this, the compositions of the renowned German masters continued to dominate the standard repertoire.
Immigrants living in Germany have had and continue to have a heavy influence in German music. The influx of migrant workers created an underground sub-genre that quickly gained popularity within the migrant community called gasterbeiter musik. This genre features elements of popular music while highlighting traditional Turkish instruments such as the Turkish string instrument, the saz. Due to laws attempting to induce assimilation to German culture, artists popular in the genre were forced to create their own record labels and members of the community created their own music venues, often paying homage to traditional Turkish aesthetics and cuisine. The genre is so unique and sonically complex that famous musicians outside of Germany such as David Bowie have drawn influence from it. Gasterbeiter musik is additionally a major source of inspiration for modern German rap.
Music plays an enormously significant role in immigrant communities in Germany, serving itself as a tool for maintaining culture, defining identity, and building community. Many immigrants are able to keep ties with their homelands through traditional music, helping them connect with their roots while facing the possibility of dislocation in a new, strange environment. It helped them understand the sense of belonging and hopes for continuity through out generations in order to preserve the heritage that is a part of them.
Immigrant artists in Germany often combine their traditional aspects of their music with genres and topics that are popular among locals, fusing the cultures together and creating unique and interesting combinations that reflect their experiences. The cross-cultural exchange not only enriches the local music field; they also introduces communications and understanding between communities. Not only in Germany, music events take place in a diverse background, encouraging artists to express themselves, share their stories, and celebrate their identity.
Music is also a good form of political expression among the immigrant artists. Their voices sung by lyrics and the vibe given from the instruments speak their desire for social acceptance and spreading awareness. The products created that could be viewed as art can put out a call for social justice, claiming rights, and the struggle they have against stereotypes. Though it may seem the impact wasn't made to be changed, it is to be heard and understood with the goal of uniting people in the same world of music.
Various art forms in Germany have emerged in the recent past and have led to successful assimilation of Turkish immigrants in Germany. When these immigrants initially arrived in Germany, they faced challenges that led to them not being able to adapt culturally and socially with the rest of the Germans. During these times, radio stations like Metropol FM provided them with regular broadcasts of Turkish music, news and programs . These broadcasts helped both the immigrants to have a sense of familiarity as well as help the Germans learn more about these immigrants, eventually helping both these communities to blend with each other. Another one of these notable art forms is Gastarbeiter Musik. This sub-genre of music blended German or rather Western music with traditional Turkish elements, remarkably reflecting their dual identities. Notable artists like Yüksel Özkasap and Cem Karaca captured the themes of adaptation, perseverance and resilience, offering strength and support to the communities' struggles.
When Germans immigrated to the Americas, they immensely changed the musical scene there. They brought with them a plethora of musical styles like hausmusik, oom-pah bands and many different folk songs. This helped them have a sense of familiarity in the country and these styles later also became popular in the social and cultural life of the country. At the turn of the 19th century, as immigration increased in the country, the Germans began establishing many musical institutions especially symphonic and choral groups, ensembles and choirs. There were many prominent German immigrants who helped establish institutions such as the Cincinatti Symphony Orchestra and the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra.
Metin Kasim explains how Turkish radio channels in Germany positively impacted Turkish communities in Germany. He conducted a survey and found out that these radio shows helped immigrants maintain cultural ties with their homeland. Many immigrants were happy that these radio shows existed. They found that these radio shows were essential to them feeling connected to their homeland and stay strong together as a community while away from home.
Furthermore, Kasim's article states that these radio broadcasts helped Turkish immigrants by familiarizing them with the German norms, cultures and language. Though these shows had their critics who believed Turkish immigrants would integrate much easier if these broadcasts were in German, these shows are a unifying substance for the immigrants in Germany. Finally, Metin Kasim thinks that though these broadcasts played a huge role in preserving Turkish culture in Germany, expanding these media to different types of content could be much more advantageous and could help support the social, cultural and mental needs of the Turkish immigrants in Germany.
Aiyana Porter was born and raised in Germany, moved to the United States following her graduation of 10th grade which is the end of what would be considered German high school. Following graduation in Germany, she decided to move to the United States, where she attended American high school in grades 11 and 12. Her dual citizenship afforded her the privilege of avoiding some of the red tape associated with immigration. However, that does not mean that all qualms of immigration are washed away. Her decision to move to America she credits to the romanticized image of America as the land of freedom and fame along with the encouragement of her father, an American citizen.
However, her experiences in the US did not entirely align with her expectations. While she appreciated the enumerable possibilities and career opportunities in her desired career field of Journalism, upon moving to the US she faced significant culture shock and found that simply put quality of life is lacking compared to Germany. Germany appears to handle social issues concerning healthcare, food quality, and education much better than the United States. The examples that she highlighted supporting her points she gave on quality of life were the debate over whether or not to call an ambulance despite being extremely injured due to the cost or health care. She also pointed out the allowance of products like brominated vegetable oil that are banned in Germany and Europe but remain legal in the US. On the topic of education, she expressed frustration at having to repeat things she learned in 9th and 10th grade in Germany in high school classes for years 11 and 12 in America.
Despite her inner conflict about staying in America, she has managed to integrate into the local culture of America at ASU. She is the German Club president at ASU. Although she wishes there were any members actually from Germany, she enjoys the opportunity to share her culture and language to those students who are interested. Concerning music, Aiyana played the Saxophone in Germany. She found that the costs associated with bring it to the US were too much, so she left it behind. She had the opportunity to play in an orchestra in her American High school. She found, however like many other things discussed in this interview, the quality was not the greatest and she found herself losing interest in the instrument as a result. As sad as this is, her journey to America and the intersection of the evolution of her personal musical tastes, on the other hand, reflect concepts concerning her identity and search for connection.
In Germany, her musical preferences were shaped by indie and 80s new wave influenced by family connections of her brother and mother. These symbolize her roots and familiarity in familial connections. This same familial connection brought her to America as her dad and brother moved here following her parents’ divorce and she followed after finishing high school in Germany. After moving to the US, her music tastes expanded as she formed new social connections. Through friends that introduced her to Phoenix’s vibrant music scene, she discovered a love for punk and metal genres. This sort of musical migration has a parallel to her adaptation to a new culture in a foreign land. Music and human connection are interconnected in her journey, allowing her a way to navigate and redefine her belonging in America.
Isabella Mauro is a modern nomad with a deep passion for music and a strong connection to her European immigrant background. Isabella's mother is from Greece and her father is from Italy and she has considered herself a global resident her whole life.
Having grown up on in the American Northeast, Isabella is currently exploring opportunities to gain citizenship in Germany and other European countries, driven by her desire to embrace her heritage while also seeking new experiences, cultural enrichment, and an improved quality of life and standard of living. Her love for music, which spans diverse genres and traditions, plays a central role in her life, and she is particularly drawn to the ways music transcends borders, culture, and language and unites people. With a free-spirited approach to life, Isabella continues to navigate her journey across Europe, blending her personal passions with her aspirations for a deeper connection to her heritage and the global community.
Ricardo was born and raised in Germany; his family has a migration background regarding his dad, who is from Serbia. His dad had to move to Germany during the Balkan war. The music played a big role in his family, and they mainly focus on folklore and rap; his dad perceived himself as Americanized due to his love towards rap music. Ricardo usually listens to any type of music, including Serbian music, and supports one of his artist friends in Serbia during his free time.
His connections between his parents' culture, stating that Germany is pretty open about music, and he got into both Serbian and German music despite the fact that people around him typically wouldn't listen to Serbian music.
Throughout his childhood, although he was raised German, going to German school and clubs. He still had difficulties finding his identity because of his Serbian background. However, he became better and able to connect to people with similar situations as him thanks to the internet and time working on himself.
He had recognized some local immigrant artists in his hometown and could confirm the influence of migrant music has a big impact on the community around him. We discussed how music can connect people together. Ricardo gave his opinion about how political aspects can limit the connection between different cultures, but it doesn't necessarily stop the strong bond created by like-minded people, even if they are from a different country. He shared the passion of people and how they invited each other to their houses and listened to each other's music, strengthening the relationship within the diverse community like Germany.
Ricardo shows his love towards music and includes it in his daily life, such as when he works out or does chores. Going to raves and concerts is also a once-in-a while occasion for him because the music culture in Germany is often big and festive. He sometimes hangs out with his friends at one of the friend's studios to enjoy music together as a nice quality time.
In the conclusion, Ricardo shared his concerns about the current situation regarding immigration and the rise of AfD. As a former police student, he had witnessed and experienced a lot of activity of the party that affected immigrants, more than it showed in the media. In his opinion, although this is an issue that is happening in Germany right now, endangering the immigrant population, it wouldn't be a big problem soon with hope of the government and left-winged authorities taking down all the harsh violence made by the opposed political party.
Tuna Cagla is a German-born Turkish man, who has lived in Germany and Turkey. Mr. Cagla's parents migrated from Turkey to Germany in 1965 and were part of a wave seeking better employment opportunities. Growing up as a child of Turkish immigrants, his life until he was 23 was a mixed bag. He faced the tensions of navigating two worlds. At first glance, he didn't look Turkish so people often misunderstood him to be German, which he was.
When he talks about his social life in Germany, tells us that his friends were mostly German or other European immigrants, though he maintained ties with people from his cultural background. Although his family integrated well into the German society, Mr. Cagla noticed that other Turkish immigrants held tightly to their heritage, often creating a divide between them and native German people.
When Mr. Cagla moved to Turkey, he found it difficult adjusting, sometimes his "German ways" and habits clashed with Turkish norms. However, he found that his German work ethic and discipline became a valuable asset when he started his own consulting firm, building a reputation for reliability. Mr. Cagla's house is multicultural and multilingual, building on essences from his Turkish-German heritage, his wife's Japanese heritage and English as a language. Both of his daughters have fully embraced this diversity, with one studying German and moving to Vancouver and the other studying Italian and moving to Japan.
To summarize the recurring themes of migration that were observed from our interviews and to help those that come to our site explore the complex emotions migrants face in a memorable way, our group created a playlist of songs. Each song was carefully selected to reflect the range of experiences of migration, and capture the challenges, dreams, and sense of belonging that define the what it means and how it feels to be a migrant. This playlist serves as a sort of musical narrative. It is a way to connect the personal stories and research we’ve gathered with the more extensive emotional landscape of migration. To access this, you can either: scan the code through your spotify app or click the spotify icon below!
A German restaurant that offers cultural and exchange events on site. "Stammtisch" is what is used to describe this place, which translates to "regulars table." Essentially, people are welcome to come in and socialize, exchange their ideas, and discuss ongoing current events. If you're interested in attending events for cultural exchange click the button below to go to Treffpunkt website!
The German American Karneval Society in Phoenix, Arizona, is an organization that celebrates German culture, traditions, and especially the lively and colorful Karneval, also known as Fasching or Mardi Gras in the German-speaking world since 2004. The Karneval season typically runs from November through February, culminating in celebrations before Lent begins.
ARIZONA CHAPTER (Sei Truong)
The German American Chamber of Commerce Arizona (GACCOA) is an organization that represents and supports the interests of German businesses, entrepreneurs, and professionals in the state of Arizona. Its role is to foster trade, economic relationships, and cultural ties between Germany and the United States, particularly in the Arizona region. This chamber works to promote the exchange of information, ideas, and best practices between German companies operating in Arizona and American businesses, while also helping German firms expand their presence in the U.S. market.
Now we need your help:
We're interested in getting the perspective of others on a song that refelects their migration journey. Whether that is on a domestic or international scale, we are all in some way shape or form migrants. What song reflects your migration journey? Why? Feel free to add one or two songs to our google form!
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Oltermann, Philip. “Music of Germany’s Migrant Workers Revived in New Compilations.” The Guardian, The Guardian, 25 Oct. 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/25/music-germany-migrant-workers-compilation. Accessed 23 Oct. 2024.
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Ward, Cameron. Musical Textures of Migration: Music’s Role In the Syrian Refugee Experience In Germany. 2021. https://doi.org/10.17615/fe8t-ct67
WAGIŃSKA-MARZEC, MARIA. “Music as a Tool for the Integration of Refugees in Germany.” PRZEGLĄD ZACHODNI, 2017, pp. 183–208, iz.poznan.pl/plik,pobierz,2230,5fd3e6d58797c65307e75fdeaa04d98a/10.%20Waginska.pdf?plik,pobierz,2230,5fd3e6d58797c65307e75fdeaa04d98a/10.%20Waginska.pdf.
Zum Treffpunkt Restaurant. (n.d.). Events. Retrieved from https://www.zumtreffpunkt.us