References

https://www-ethnologue-com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/language/hin/

https://www.outlookindia.com/national/how-grouping-of-languages-inflated-number-of-hindi-speakers-news-195648

https://www.statista.com/statistics/922417/india-leading-indian-languages-spoken-in-the-united-states/

https://www.sps.nyu.edu/professional-pathways/topics/language-proficiency-testing-online/hindi-proficiency.html

Alif Arabic. 2022. What is the history of the Arabic language? https://alifarabic.com/what-is-the-history-of-the-arabic-language/

Britannica. 2024. Arabic language. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Arabic-language

Blakeley, Sasha. 2023. Arabic Language | History, Origin & Classification. https://study.com/learn/lesson/arabic-language-origins-history-impact.html

Facts about Arabic speakers in the US | Pew Research Center 

https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/18/5-facts-about-arabic-speakers-in-the-us/

The challenges of translating the U.S. census questionnaire into Arabic | Pew Research Center

https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2016/06/03/the-challenges-of-translating-the-u-s-census-questionnaire-into-arabic/

Foreign Language Proficiency Test Data from Three American Universities, [United States], 2014-2017 (umich.edu) 

https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/37499

https://www.languagemagazine.com/2019/08/15/arabic-for-america-2/#:~:text=Yet%20fewer%20than%20one%20percent,than%20one%20percent%20study%20Arabic.

https://www.arabacademy.com/alpt/

https://www.pandanese.com/ 

https://skritter.com/ 

https://www.silkmandarin.cn/bct-businese-chinese-test.html 

https://china.bryant.edu/chinese-test-services 

 https://ads.lingoace.com

https://www.hellotalk.com/?lang=en 

https://www.lingodeer.com/ 

• https://examenes.cervantes.es/es/dele/que-es

• https://www.siele.org/

• https://www.celu.edu.ar/

• https://www.telc.net/en/language-examinations/certificate-exams/spanish/

• https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/09/22/key-facts-about-us-latinos-for-national-hispanic-heritage-month/ 

• https://spanish.kwiziq.com/test/official-spanish-tests-diplomas#CELU

-https://help.pipplet.com/en-us/article/candidates-everything-to-know-before-taking-the-pipplet-test-1oqaf27/

-https://www.esl-languages.com/en/online-language-tests/french-test

-https://www.ila-france.com/blog/the-guide-to-french-exams

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https://dlsdc.com/blog/language-and-cultural-training-on-ilr-scale/

https://www.languagetesting.com/language-testing-and-assessment

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https://theglobalseal.com/actfl-language-proficiency-levels

https://businessgraduatesassociation.com/the-hidden-benefits-of-language-learning/