Carl Tape's website - publications

publications (google scholar)

SEISMIC IMAGING (see specfem.org and adjtomo for software)
Ben-Dor, G., I. Kurzon, E. Aizenshtat-Soffer, N. Wetzler, R. Weinberger, C. Tape, and M. Tsesarsky, 2025, Structure and seismicity of the Dead Sea Fault and the Galilee revealed by 3D earthquake tomography [supplement], Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 130, p. 1–20, doi:10.1029/2024JB030816
Rabade, S., F.-C. Lin, C. Tape, K. M. Ward, T. Waldien, and A. Allam, 2023, The crustal magmatic structure beneath the Denali Volcanic Gap imaged by a dense linear seismic array, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 128, p. 1–15, doi:10.1029/2023JB027152
Millet, F., S. Rondenay, T. Bodin, and C. Tape, 2023, Seismic imaging of the westward transition from Yakutat to Pacific subduction in southern Alaska, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 24, p. 1–18, doi:10.1029/2022GC010374
Chen, G., J. Chen, C. Tape, H. Wu, and P. Tong, 2023, Double-difference adjoint tomography of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath Alaska [supplement], Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 128, doi:10.1029/2022JB025168
Magnoni, F., E. Casarotti, D. Komatitsch, R. Di Stefano, M.G. Ciaccio, C. Tape, D. Melini, A. Michelini, A. Piersanti, and J. Tromp, 2022, Adjoint tomography of the Italian lithosphere [supplement], Communications Earth & Environment, v. 3, 69, doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00397-7
Chow, B., Y. Kaneko, C. Tape, R. Modrak, N. Mortimer, S. Bannister, and J. Townend, 2022, Strong upper‐plate heterogeneity at the Hikurangi subduction margin (North Island, New Zealand) imaged by adjoint tomography [supplement], Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 127, p. 1–31, doi:10.1029/2021JB022865
Chow, B., Y. Kaneko, C. Tape, R. Modrak, and J. Townend, 2020, An automated workflow for adjoint tomography—waveform misfits and synthetic inversions for the North Island, New Zealand, Geophysical Journal International, v. 223, p. 1461–1480, doi:10.1093/gji/ggaa381
Nayak, A., D. Eberhart-Phillips, N. Ruppert, H. Fang, M. M. Moore, C. Tape, D. H. Christensen, G. A. Abers, and C. Thurber (2020), 3D seismic velocity models for Alaska from joint tomographic inversion of body-wave and surface-wave data [supplement], Seismological Research Letters, v. 91(6), p. 3106–3119, doi:10.1785/0220200214.
Liu, Q., D. Peter, and C. Tape, 2019, Square-root variable metric based elastic full-waveform inversion – Part 1: theory and validation, Geophysical Journal International, v. 281, p. 1121–1135, doi:10.1093/gji/ggz188
Wang, K., Y. Yang, P. Basini, P. Tong, C. Tape, and Q. Liu, 2018, Refined crustal and uppermost mantle structure of southern California by ambient noise adjoint tomography [supplement], Geophysical Journal International, v. 215, p. 844–863, doi:10.1093/gji/ggy312
Shaw, J.H., A. Plesch, C. Tape, M.P. Suess, T.H. Jordan, G. Ely, E. Hauksson, J. Tromp, T. Tanimoto, R. Graves, K. Olsen, C. Nicholson, P.J. Maechling, C. Rivero, P. Lovely, C.M. Brankman, and J. Munster, 2015, Unified Structural Representation of the southern California crust and upper mantle [supplement], Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 415, p. 1–15, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.01.016.
Allam, A.A., V. Schulte-Pelkum, Y. Ben-Zion, C. Tape, N. Ruppert, Z.E. Ross, 2017, Ten kilometer vertical Moho offset and shallow velocity contrast along the Denali fault zone from double-difference tomography, receiver functions, and fault zone head waves, [supplement], Tectonophysics, v. 721, p. 56-69, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2017.09.003
Allam, A.A., C. Tape, and Y. Ben-Zion, 2015, Finite-frequency kernels of seismic waves to fault zone structures, Geophysical Journal International, v. 203, p. 2032-2048.
Wang, Y. and C. Tape, 2014, Seismic velocity structure and anisotropy of the Alaska subduction zone based on surface wave tomography [supplement], Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 119, p. 8845-8865, doi:10.1002/2014JB011438.moho map in Figure S1 (ASCII file), data points used
Tape, C., Q. Liu, A. Maggi, and J. Tromp, 2010, Seismic tomography of the southern California crust based on spectral-element and adjoint methods, Geophysical Journal International, v. 180, p. 433–462.(go here for related links)
Tape, C., Q. Liu, A. Maggi, and J. Tromp, 2009, Adjoint tomography of the southern California crust [supplement], Science, v. 325, p. 988–992.(go here for related links)
Maggi, A., C. Tape, M. Chen, D. Chao, and J. Tromp, 2009, An automated time-window selection algorithm for seismic tomography, Geophysical Journal International, v. 178, p. 257–281.(go here for pyflex)
Tape, C., Q. Liu, and J. Tromp, 2007, Finite-frequency tomography using adjoint methods—Methodology and examples using membrane surface waves, Geophysical Journal International, v. 168, p. 1105–1129.
Tromp, J., C. Tape, and Q. Liu, 2005, Seismic tomography, adjoint methods, time reversal, and banana-doughnut kernels, Geophysical Journal International, v. 160, p. 195–216.extra notes
Peter, D., C. Tape., L. Boschi, and J. H. Woodhouse, 2007, Surface wave tomography: global membrane waves and adjoint methods, Geophysical Journal International, v. 171, p. 1098–1117.

SEISMIC MOMENT TENSORS
Thurin, J., R. Modrak, C. Tape, A. McPherson, F. R. Rodrıguez-Cardozo, J. Kintner, L. Ding, Q. Liu, and J. Braunmiller, 2025, MTUQ: a framework for estimating moment tensors, point forces, and their uncertainties [supplement], Geophysical Journal International, v. 241, p. 1373–1390, doi:10.1093/gji/ggaf080
Thurin, J. and C. Tape, 2023, Comparison of force and moment tensor estimations of subevents during the 2022 Hunga-Tonga submarine volcanic eruption [supplement], Geophysical Journal International, v. 235, p. 1959–1981, doi:10.1093/gji/ggad323zenodo collection
Thurin, J., C. Tape, and R. Modrak, 2022, Multi-event explosive seismic source for the 2022 Mw 6.3 Hunga Tonga submarine volcanic eruption [supplement], The Seismic Record, v. 2, p. 217–226, doi:10.1785/0320220027
Alvizuri, C., and C. Tape, 2018, Full moment tensor analysis of nuclear explosions in North Korea, [supplement], Seismological Research Letters, v. 89, p. 2139–2151. doi:10.1785/0220180158
Silwal, V., C. Tape, and A. Lomax, 2018, Crustal earthquakes in the Cook Inlet and Susitna region of southern Alaska, [supplement], Tectonophysics, v. 745, p. 243–263, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2018.08.013
Alvizuri, C., V. Silwal, L. Krischer, and C. Tape, 2018, Estimation of full moment tensors, including uncertainties, for nuclear explosions, volcanic events, and earthquakes [supplement], Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 123, p. 5099–5119, doi:10.1785/0220180158
Tape, W. and C. Tape, 2019, The eigenvalue lune as a window on moment tensors [supplement], Geophysical Journal International, v. 216, p. 19–33, doi:10.1093/gji/ggy373 (go here for related links)
Tape, W. and C. Tape, 2017, Volume in moment tensor space in terms of distance, Geophysical Journal International, v. 210, p. 406–419, doi: 10.1093/gji/ggx164 (go here for related links)
Shen, W., C. Alvizuri, F.-C. Lin, and C. Tape, 2017, A one-dimensional seismic model for Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia, and its impact on full moment tensor inversions [supplement], Geosphere, v. 13, p. 1–10, doi:10.1130/GES01353.1
Alvizuri, C. and C. Tape, 2016, Full moment tensors for small events (Mw < 3) at Uturuncu volcano, Bolivia [supplement], Geophysical Journal International, v. 206, p. 1761–1783, doi: 10.1093/gji/ggw247
Silwal, V. and C. Tape, 2016, Seismic moment tensors and estimated uncertainties in southern Alaska [supplement], Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth., v. 121, doi:10.1002/2015JB012588
Tape, W. and C. Tape, 2016, A confidence parameter for seismic moment tensors [supplement], Geophysical Journal International., v. 205, p. 938–953, doi:10.1093/gji/ggw057 (go here for related links)
Tape, W. and C. Tape, 2015, A uniform parameterization of moment tensors [supplement], Geophysical Journal International, v. 202, p. 2074–2081, doi:10.1093/gji/ggv262 (go here for related links)
Tape, W. and C. Tape, 2013, The classical model for moment tensors [supplement], Geophysical Journal International, v. 195, p. 1701–1720, doi:10.1093/gji/ggt302 (go here for related links)
Tape, W. and C. Tape, 2012, Angle between principal axis triples, Geophysical Journal International, v. 191, p. 813–831, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05658.x (go here for related links)
Tape, W. and C. Tape, 2012, A geometric comparison of source-type plots for moment tensors, Geophysical Journal International, v. 190, p. 499–510, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05490.x (go here for related links)
Tape, W. and C. Tape, 2012, A geometric setting for moment tensors, Geophysical Journal International, v. 190, p. 476–498, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05491.x (go here for related links)

ELASTICITY AND ANISOTROPY
Gupta, A., C. Tape, J. M. Brown, and T. W. Becker, 2025, Navigating the space of seismic anisotropy for crystal and whole-Earth scales [supplement], Geophysical Journal International, v. 242, p. 1–18, doi:10.1093/gji/ggaf134zenodo collections for wavefield simulations and lattice diagrams
Fichtner, A., B.L.N. Kennett, V.C. Tsai, C.H. Thurber, A.J. Rodgers, C. Tape, N. Rawlinson, R.D. Borcherdt, S. Lebedev, K. Priestley, C. Morency, E. Bozdag, J. Tromp, J. Ritsema, B. Romanowicz, Q. Liu, E. Golos, F.-C. Lin, 2024, Seismic Tomography 2024, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 114, p. 1185–1213, doi:10.1785/0120230229
Tape, W., and C. Tape, 2024, A reformulation of the Browaeys and Chevrot decomposition of elastic maps , Journal of Elasticity, doi:10.1007/s10659-024-10056-x(go here for related links)
Tape, W., and C. Tape, 2022, Two complementary methods of inferring elastic symmetry, Journal of Elasticity, v. 150, p. 91–118, doi:10.1007/s10659-022-09898-0(go here for related links)
Tape, W., and C. Tape, 2021, Elastic symmetry with beachball pictures [supplement], Geophysical Journal International, v. 227, p. 970–1003, doi:10.1093/gji/ggab183(go here for related links)
Richards, C., C. Tape, G. A. Abers, and Z. E. Ross, 2021, Anisotropy variations in the Alaska subduction zone based on shear-wave splitting from intraslab earthquakes [supplement], Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 22, p. 1–18, doi:10.1029/2020GC009558
McPherson, A. M., D. H. Christensen, G. A. Abers, and C. Tape, 2020, Shear wave splitting and mantle flow beneath Alaska, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 123, e2019JB018329, doi:10.1029/2019JB018329.

SEDIMENTARY BASINS (AND SEISMIC WAVES)
Tian, Y., and C. Tape, 2025, Analysis of seismic wave amplification in sedimentary basins using 3D wavefield simulations: Nenana basin, central Alaska [supplement], Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 130, p. 1–22, doi:10.1029/2025JB031559zenodo collections for supporting figures, 3D velocity models, and documentation of minimum resolvable period (wfdiff)
Smith, K., C. Tape, and V. C. Tsai, 2023, Seismic response of Nenana sedimentary basin, central Alaska [supplement], Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, doi:10.1785/0120220160
Smith, K., and C. Tape, 2020, Seismic response of Cook Inlet sedimentary basin, southern Alaska [supplement], Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, p. 33–55, doi:10.1785/0220190205
Smith, K., and C. Tape, 2019, Seismic noise in central Alaska and influences from rivers, wind, and sedimentary basins [supplement], Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 124, p. 11,678–11,704, doi:10.1029/2019JB017695
Moschetti, M.P., E. M. Thompson, J. Rekoske, M. G. Hearne, P. M. Powers, D. McNamara, and C. Tape, 2020, Ground-motion amplification in Cook Inlet Region, Alaska from the 2018 Mw 7.1 Anchorage earthquake and intermediate-depth earthquakes [supplement], Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, p. 142–152, doi:10.1785/0220190179
Kaneko, Y., Y. Ito, B. Chow, L. M. Wallace, C. Tape, R. Grapenthin, E. D'Anastasio, S. Henrys, and R. Hino, 2019, Ultra-long duration of seismic ground motion arising from a thick, low velocity sedimentary wedge [supplement], Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 10.1029/2019JB017795
Grapenthin, R., M. West, C. Tape, M. Gardine, and J. Freymueller, 2018, Single-frequency instantaneous GNSS velocities resolve dynamic ground motion of the 2016 Mw 7.1 Iniskin, Alaska, earthquake, [supplement], Seismological Research Letters, v. 89, p. 1040–1048.
Tape, C., D. Christensen, M. M. Moore-Driskell, J. Sweet, and K. Smith, 2017, Southern Alaska Lithosphere and Mantle Observation Network (SALMON): A seismic experiment covering the active arc by road, boat, plane, and helicopter [supplement, pdf], Seismological Research Letters, v. 88, p. 1185–1202, doi:10.1785/0220160229
Tape, C., V. Silwal, C. Ji, L. Keyson, M.E. West, and N. Ruppert, 2015, Transtensional tectonics of the Minto Flats fault zone and Nenana basin, central Alaska [supplement], Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 105, p. 2081–2100.

OBSERVATIONAL SEISMOLOGY
Rodriguez-Cardozo, F., J. Braunmiller, J. Thurin, J. Hu, T.-S. Pham, H. Tkalcic, and C. Tape, 2026, The 20 June 2025 Mw 4.9 event in the Central Alborz, Iran: A rare normal faulting earthquake within a complex transpressional regime [supplement], The Seismic Record, v. 6, p. 51–64, doi:10.1785/0320250048
Tape, C., A. Lomax, S.P. Bemis, P.J. Haeussler, and J. Ginnaty, 2026, The 1912 Ms 7.2 earthquake in the Denali region of central Alaska, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 116, p. 322–354, doi:10.1785/0120250150(zenodo collections for felt reports and instrumental data)
Tape, C., and A. Lomax, 2022, Aftershock regions of Aleutian-Alaska megathrust earthquakes, 1938–2021 [supplement], Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 128, p. 1– 28, doi:10.1029/2022JB024336(go here for related links; featured in Powers et al. (2024), "The 2023 Alaska National Seismic Hazard Model")
Tape, C., L. Sykes, and A. Lomax, 2021, The 1900 Mw 7.6–8.0 earthquake offshore of Kodiak Island, Alaska [supplement], Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 111, p. 1080–1109, doi:10.1785/0120200273
West., M.E., A. Bender, M. Gardine, L. Gardine, K. Gately, P. Haeussler, W. Hassan, F. Meyer, C. Richards, C. Tape, J. Thornley, and R. Witter, 2020, The 30 November 2018 Mw 7.1 Anchorage earthquake [supplement], Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, p. 66–84, doi:10.1785/0220190176
Xia, Y., S. Ni, and C. Tape, 2018, Multipathing Rayleigh waves from long-distance noise cross correlation along an ocean-continent boundary (Alaska to California) [supplement], Geophysical Research Letters, v. 45, p. 6051–6060, doi:10.1029/2018GL077169
Tape, C., S. Holtkamp, V. Silwal, J. Hawthorne, Y. Kaneko, J. P. Ampuero, C. Ji, N. Ruppert, K. Smith, and M. E. West, 2018, Earthquake nucleation and fault slip complexity in the lower crust of central Alaska [supplement], Nature Geoscience, v. 11, p. 536–541.(go here for related links)
Tape, C., A. Lomax, V. Silwal, J. D. Agnew, and B. Brettschneider, 2017, The 1904 Ms 7.3 earthquake in central Alaska [supplement, pdf], Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 107, p. 1147–1174, doi:10.1785/0120160178
Tape, C., M. West, V. Silwal, and N. Ruppert, 2013, Earthquake nucleation and triggering on an optimally oriented fault [supplement], Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 363, p. 231-241.technical report

AIRBORNE SEISMIC SIGNALS
McPherson, A., C. Tape, D. Fee, J. Thurin, and J. Bishop, 2026, Estimating an airborne dipole source using 3D wavefield simulations and seismic receivers on the ground [supplement], Geophysical Journal International, doi:10.1093/gji/ggaf499/8374738
Seppi, I., C. Tape, and D. Fee, 2025, Classification of aircraft types using seismic data in Alaska [supplement], The Seismic Record, v. 5, p. 330–340, doi:10.1785/0320250035
Bishop, J. W., D. Fee, R. Modrak, C. Tape, and K. Kim, 2022, Spectral element modeling of acoustic to seismic coupling over topography [supplement], Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 127, p. 1–31, doi:10.1029/2021JB023142
Tape, C., A. T. Ringler, and D. L. Hampton, 2020, Recording the aurora at seismometers across Alaska, Seismological Research Letters, v. 91, p. 3039–3053, doi:10.1785/0220200161(go here for related links)

OTHER TOPICS
Sims, N. E., C. Tape, N. A. Ruppert, and M. E. West, 2026, High-precision earthquake catalog for Minto Flats fault zone, central Alaska, reveals complex and conjugate faulting [supplement], Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 116, p. 375–396, doi:10.1785/0120250177
Sims, N. E., C. Tape, N. A. Ruppert, and M. E. West, 2026, Earthquake catalog for the Fairbanks region of central Alaska, 2014–2024, based on waveform cross-correlation for events [supplement], Seismological Research Letters, doi:10.1785/0220250342
Share, P.-E., C. Tape, A. A. Allam, and F.-C. Lin, 2026, A seismic nodal deployment on the Denali Fault in the region of Canwell Glacier and the Alaska Pipeline, central Alaska [supplement], Seismological Research Letters.
Denolle, M., C. Tape, E. Bozdag, Y. Wang, F. Waldhauser, A.-A. Gabriel, J. Braunmiller, B. Chow, L. Ding, K.-F. Feng, A. Ghosh, N. Groebner, A. Gupta, Z. Krauss, A. M. McPherson, M. Nagaso, Z. Niu, Y. Ni, R. Orsvuran, G. Pavlis, F. Rodriguez-Cardozo, T. Sawi, D. Schaff, N. Schliwa, D. Schneller, Q. Shi, J. Thurin, C. Wang, K. Wang, J. Wing Ching Wong, S. Wolf, and C. Yuan, 2025, Training the next generation of seismologists: Delivering research-grade software education for Cloud and HPC computing through diverse training modalities, Seismological Research Letters, v. 96, p. 3265–3279, doi:10.1785/0220240413.
Tape, C., D.C. Heath, M.G. Baker, S. Dalton, K. Aderhold, and M.E. West, 2019, Bear encounters with seismic stations in Alaska and northwestern Canada [supplement], Seismological Research Letters, v. 90, p. 1950–1970, doi:10.1785/0220190081(go here for related links)
Krischer, L., Y. A. Aiman, T. Batholomaus, S. Donner, M. van Driel, K. Duru, K. Garina, K. Gessele, T. Gunawan, S. Hable, C. Hadziioannou, M. Koymans, J. Leeman, F. Lindner, A. Ling, T. Mengies, C. Nunn, A. Rijal, J. Salvermoser, S. T. Soza, C. Tape, T. Taufiqurrahman, D. Vargas, J. Wassermann, F. Wolfl, M. Williams, S. Wollherr, and H. Igel, 2018, seismo-live: An educational online library of Jupyter notebooks for seismology, Seismological Research Letters, v. 89, p. 2413–2419, doi:10.1785/0220180167seismo-live website portal
Krishnan, S., E. Casarotti, J. Goltz, C. Ji, D. Komatitsch, R. Mourhatch, M. Muto, J. H. Shaw, C. Tape, and J. Tromp, 2012, Rapid estimation of damage to tall buildings using near real-time earthquake and archived structural simulations, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 102, p. 2646-2666.
Tape., C., A. Plesch, J.H. Shaw, and H. Gilbert, 2012, Estimating a continuous Moho surface for the California Unified Velocity Model [supplement], Seismological Research Letters, v. 83, p. 728–735.
Tape, C., P. Muse, M. Simons, D. Dong, and F. Webb, 2009, Multiscale estimation of GPS velocity fields, Geophysical Journal International, v. 179, p. 945–971.(go here for related links)
Tape, C.H., C.A. Cowan, and A.C. Runkel, 2003, Tidal bundle sequences in the Jordan Sandstone (Upper Cambrian), southeastern Minnesota, U.S.A.: Evidence for tides along inboard shorelines of the Sauk epicontinental sea: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 73, p. 354–366.
Davidson, C., K.J. Davis, C.M. Bailey, C.H. Tape, J. Singleton, and B. Singer, 2003, Age, origin, and significance of brittle faulting and pseudotachylyte along the Coast shear zone, Prince Rupert, British Columbia: Geology, v. 31, p. 43–46.
Tape, C.H., 2000, Aquarium, computer, and Alaska Range mirages, The Physics Teacher, v. 38, p. 308–311.

Earthquake simulations and other movies on youtube

https://sites.google.com/alaska.edu/carltape/home/movies

Technical reports and data products

Carl Tape, Vipul Silwal, Stephen Holtkamp, 2017, Step-response signals recorded during earthquakes in Alaska, http://hdl.handle.net/11122/7947
Carl Tape, 2016, Analysis of regional seismograms and 3D synthetic seismograms for the 2016-01-24 Mw 7.1 Iniskin earthquake in southern Alaska, http://hdl.handle.net/11122/6983
Carl Tape, 2012, Assessment of station metadata in Alaska based on analysis of Love waves from the 2012-04-11 Mw 8.6 offshore Sumatra earthquake, http://hdl.handle.net/11122/6959
All Scholarworks@UA collections, including moment tensor catalogs:https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/5669/browse?type=title

Miscellaneous abstracts (pre 2007)

Strand, L., Y. Kim, J. Tromp, D. Komatitsch, C. Tape, W. Mei, P. Olson, L. Armendariz, and S. Kientz, CIG science gateways: Using supercomputers through a browser, CIG/SPICE/IRIS Computational Seismology Workshop, October 9-11, 2007, Jackson, New Hampshire, USA, 2007.
Tape, C., Q. Liu, and J. Tromp, 2004, Tomography, adjoint methods, time reversal, and banana-doughnut kernels, Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S31B-1041.
Tape, C.H, and J.H. Woodhouse, 2003, Waves on a spherical membrane, Eos Trans. AGU, 84(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S42J-01.
Tape, C.H, and J.H. Woodhouse, 2002, Wave propagation on a spherical membrane in comparison with predictions from ray theory, Eos Trans. AGU, 83(47), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S61B-1119.
Tape, C., C. Davidson, J. Singleton, and K. Davis, 2001, Kinematic analysis of brittle faulting in the Prince Rupert area, Coast Mountains, British Columbia, GSA Abstracts with Programs, 33(6), p. 150.
Tape, C.H., C.A. Cowan, and A.C. Runkel, 2000, Evidence for tides in Cambrian epeiric seas of North America, GSA Abstracts with Programs, 32(7), p. 307.

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