Multiple Sclerosis
ADEM
Vascular (SVID, Vasculitis, CADASIL, Susac Syndrome)
Lyme Disease
Tumefactive MS
ADEM
PML, Lyme Disease
Inflammatory Amyloid
Toxic Metabolic
Infectious
Vascular/Hemodynamic
PRES
Tumor
Metabolic
Osmotic Demyelination
Vascular/Hemodynamic
Small Vessel Ischemic Disease
Infarction
Vasculitis: Behçet Disease
Toxic: substance abuse e.g. Alcohol, Heroin
Metabolic: Hypoglycemia
Epilepsy: either from seizure or from meds related to treatment for epilepsy
Viral encephalitis
Trauma (DAI)
Inflammatory: MS, ADEM (other lesions should be present)
Tumor: Lymphoma, GBM