8.5(A)* describe the structure of atoms, including the masses, electrical charges, and locations, of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in the electron cloud
8.5(B)* identify that protons determine an element’s identity and valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including reactivity
8.5(C)* interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table, including groups and periods, to explain how properties are used to classify elements
8.5(D)* recognize that chemical formulas are used to identify substances and determine the number of atoms of each element in chemical formulas containing subscripts
8.5(E)* investigate how evidence of chemical reactions indicates that new substances with different properties are formed and how that relates to the law of conservation of mass