All of the phonics skills the students will learn this year are listed below! Areas that are bold have been taught in previous weeks.
short vowels: a, i, o, e, u
consonants: t, m, s, b, c, f, r, h, n, j, l, p, g, d, v, w, k, qu, y, z
vowel protectors: -ck, -ff, -ss, -zz, -ll, -tch, -dge
Glued Sounds: ang, ing, ong, ank, ink, onk
Digraphs: ch, sh, th, wh
Beginning Blends: l-blends (sl, bl, fl, cl, gl, pl); r-blends (cr, br, fr, dr, gr, pr, tr, thr, shr); s-blends (sk, sc, st, sm, sp, sn, sw, squ); w-blends (tw, dw)
Consonant Clusters: str, spr, scr, spl
Jelly Bean (1 syllable) and Elephant (2 or more syllable) words
Open and Closed Syllables
Ending Blends: st, sk, sp, nt, nd, mp, lp, ld, lk, lt, ft, pt, ct
Suffixes: -es, -s, -ed
R-Controlled Vowels: ar, or, er, ir, ur
Magic e words
Y as a Vowel (can say the long e or i sound)
Vowel Teams: ie, ai, ay, oe, ow, oa, ee, ea, ey
Diphthongs: oo, oi, oy, ou, ow, aw, au
*Please be mindful, there are some exceptions to spelling rules....
FZSL RULE:
"FZSL, FZSL soda pop...double the letter and then you stop!"
*Any one syllable word with one short vowel sound, double the final consonant when ending with a: f, z, s, l
Example- bill, fizz, pass, tell
Rule for /k/:
"K takes i & e, c takes the other 3!"
Rule for "k" spelling-
at the beginning of a word, comes before vowels i or e
Rule for "c" spelling-
at the beginning of a word, comes before vowels a, o, u
Rule for -ck
at the end of a one syllable word after a short vowel
Example: back, tick, shack
Vowel Protectors -tch & -dge
Rule: -tch is found at the end of a one syllable word after a short vowel sound. The "t" is silent.
Rule: -dge says /j/ and is found at the end of a word after a short vowel sound.
Glued sounds -ng & -nk (ang, ong, ing, ank, onk, ink)
Example words:
gang, sang, bang, wing, ring, sing, song, gong, tank, bank, sank, ink, rink, sink, honk
Suffixes -es & -s
Rule: -es & -s are suffixes that are added to base words to change the meaning just a little. These suffixes both mean "more than one."
For example dog + s = dogs. More than one dog!
-es says /iz/ -s can say /s/ or /z/
*Syllables: a word or a part of a word with one talking vowel
*Jelly Bean Words: one syllable words that have one talking vowel
*Elephant Words: two or more syllable words with two or more talking vowels
*Closed Syllable: the vowel is closed in by one or more consonants and will make a short vowel sound
Final (ending) Consonant Blend
A combination of two consonant sounds at the end of a word: -st, -sk, -sp, -nt, -mp, -ld, -lk, -lp, -lt, -ft, -pt, -ct
R Controlled Vowels
Bossy R takes control of a vowel by taking it's original sound and giving it a new one. The r-controlled vowels include: ar, or, er, ir, ur
[er, ir, ur] have the same sound! Students know them as:
er 1st choice
ir 2nd choice
ur 3rd choice
Open Syllables: When a word/syllable ends in a single vowel, the vowel sound is usually long and it is called an “open” syllable. The vowel will say its name.
Suffix –ed: The suffix –ed is added to the end of a word and tells us that the action happened in the past. The ending –ed has three sounds: /t/, /d/, /id/.
-ed says /id/ after a t or a d.
-ed says /t/ after an unvoiced sound. Unvoiced sounds include: s, x, k, p, f, ch
-ed says /d/ after a voiced sound. Voiced sounds include: l, v, g, m
Final Magic E
We see magic “e” at the end of words following a consonant. The final magic “e” performs its magic by jumping over one consonant and using its magic power to make the vowel long. It can only jump over one consonant.
Suffix -ing
(means happening now)
Rules:
*When adding -ing to a base word with magic e, drop the e and add -ing. For example: bake + ing = baking
*Doubling rule: When adding -ing to a base word that has the following criteria, double to consonant letter. (1 syllable word, 1 short vowel, 1 consonant = double the consonant then add vowel suffix) For example: hop + ing = hopping
Y as a vowel
· Y is a vowel when it is at the end of a word or syllable
· Y at the end of a one syllable (jellybean) word makes the long i sound
· Y at the end of a multi-syllable (elephant) word usually makes the long e sound
Vowel Teams: a combination of two letters that usually represent a long vowel sound. This week we will work with ee, ea, ey
Vowel Team Facts
· A vowel team has 2 letters
· In a vowel team, only one vowel “speaks”
· 4 of the 5 vowels have teams. “u” does not have any teams.
Words with this Pattern:
ee: see, cheek, queen, sweet, sleep, speech, free, tree, feel, peel, deer, feet, beet, steep, creep
ea: each, meal, clean, team, heal, mean, read, peanut, beaver, scream, beach, least, leaf, squeak
ey: (only found at the end of words or syllables, usually in 2 syllable words) key, turkey, monkey, jersey, chimney, hockey, donkey, parsley
Diphthong /dif/ /thong/:
[oi] and [oy] are diphthongs with place value having the same sound as in the word boy.
Rules of a Diphthong
1. A diphthong has two vowels
2. There are 5 diphthong sounds
3. The vowel sounds are unique
The sign to represent the diphthong vowel sound will be an oval about the vowels.
Rules of [oi] & [-oy]
[oi] comes in the middle of the word or it can start a word
[-oy] comes at the end of a word or syllable
[oi] comes in the middle of the word or it can start a word
join, spoil, point, oil, soil, coin, join, boil, void, sirloin, moist
[-oy] comes at the end of a word or syllable
boy, joy, destroy, Roy, toy, oyster, enjoy, decoy
Digraphs ch, th, sh, wh
THE "H BROTHERS"
Jewel Box Words: chap, chess, chip, chick, chunk, which, whip, lash, cash, shop, ship, thick, dish, bath, thank, path, think, math, moth
Syllables: a word or part of a word with one talking vowel
Jelly Bean Words: one syllable words that have one talking vowel
Elephant Words: two or more syllable words with two or more talking vowels
Closed Syllable: the vowel is closed in by one or more consonants and will make a short vowel sound.
Jelly Bean Words: on, egg, brush, flag, chip, buck, cloth, this, pick, smell, much, us
Elephant Words: until, napkin, upset, padlock, catnip, sunset, admit, trumpet
UNIT 17: Final ending blends
-st, -sk, -sp, -nt, -nd, -mp, -ld, -lk, -lp, -lt, -ft, -pt, -ct
A final (ending) consonant blend is a combination of two consonant sounds at the end of a word