Revolution

7.1A identify the major eras in Texas history and describe their defining characteristics, including Revolution

7.1B explain the significance of the following dates: 1836, Texas independence

7.3A describe the chain of events that led to the Texas Revolution, including the Fredonian Rebellion, the Mier y Terán Report, the Law of April 6, 1830, the Turtle Bayou Resolutions, and the arrest of Stephen F. Austin

7.3B explain the roles played by significant individuals during the Texas Revolution, including George Childress, Lorenzo de Zavala, James Fannin, Sam Houston, Antonio López de Santa Anna, Juan N. Seguín, and William B. Travis

7.3C explain the issues surrounding significant events of the Texas Revolution, including the Battle of Gonzales, William B. Travis's letter "To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World," and the heroism of the diverse defenders who gave their lives there, the Constitutional Convention of 1836, Fannin's surrender at Goliad, and the Battle of San Jacinto

7.20A differentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources such as media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about Texas

7.20B analyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions

7.20C organize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps

Essential Questions

How does conflict cause political, economic, and social change?

What caused the Texas Revolution?

Academic Vocabulary:

ad-interim: temporary

allegiance: loyalty

Battle of the Alamo: resulted in the capture by Mexican troops of a Texas-held mission in San Antonio in 1836; "Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad!" (Texas Battle Cry)

Battle of Gonzales: the first armed conflict of the Texas Revolution

Battle of San Jacinto (1836): final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and Texan Independence

"Come and Take It": the motto adopted by the Texian rebels, when on the morning of October 2, 1835, Lieutenant Castañeda requested a cannon, given to colonists in 1831, be returned to the Mexican military

customs duties: taxes paid on goods brought into the U.S.

delegate: a person chosen to speak for a group

Constitutional Convention of 1836: wrote the Texas Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of the Republic of Texas, organized the ad interim government, and named Sam Houston commander in chief of the military forces of the Republic

David Burnet: selected as president of Texas's temporary government

Fredonian Rebellion: near Nacogdoches in 1826, the Fredonian Republic claimed that Texas was no longer under Mexican control, Benjamin Edwards led a small group into Nacogdoches, claiming this city as the capital of Fredonia; Fredonians gave up when they heard of Mexican troops coming in 1827

George Childress: wrote the Texas Declaration of Independence, which was modeled after the U.S. Declaration of Independence

James Bowie: Colonel of the Battle of the Alamo; ordered by Sam Houston to burn down the Alamo but decided to stay and defend it

James Fannin: commander at Goliad; did not follow Houston's orders to retreat; was captured by General Urrea; he and his 300 men killed

Juan Seguin: although a Mexican-born citizen, this individual supported Texas' right to influence Mexican law, and commanded a unit at the Battle of San Jacinto

Law of April 6th 1830: After Mier y Teran wrote his report that Anglo Texans could not be trusted, this law closed the frontier of Texas to any further Anglo settlement

Lorenzo de Zavala: Tejano who helped draft the Constitution of 1836, served as Texas ad-interim vice president

March 2, 1836: Texas Independence Day

Massacre at Goliad: execution of Republic of Texas soldier- prisoners and their commander, James Fannin, by the Mexican Army; despite the protests for clemency by General José de Urrea, the massacre was reluctantly carried out under orders of the President of Mexico, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.

Mier y Teran Report: report written by Mexican official named Mier y Teran; convinced Mexico they needed better control of TX

provisional government: temporary government

republic: a type of government with elected representatives

revolution: the usually violent attempt of many people to end rule by one government in order to create a new one

Sam Houston: commander of the Texas army at the Battle of San Jacinto; later elected president of the Republic of Texas

siege: when enemy forces surround an area cutting off essential supplies, with the goal of forcing those inside to surrender

states' rights: powers that are reserved to state governments instead of the federal government

tariff: a tax on imported goods

treason: betrayal of one's country

treaty: a formal agreement between two or more countries

Treaty of Velasco: formal agreement signed by Santa Anna giving Texas independence from Spain, the return of all Texas prisoners, and established Rio Grande as border between Mexico and Texas

Turtle Bayou Resolutions: resolutions that some Texans wrote to explain the conflict at Anahuac and declare their loyalty to the Constitution of 1824

Washington-on-the-Brazos: located in Washington County, Texas, it was founded when Texas was still a part of Mexico, the settlement became the site of the Convention of 1836 and the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence

William B. Travis: Lieutenant at the Alamo given command by Bowie as he died; believed holding Alamo was vital to Texas’ fate