7.1A identify the major eras in Texas history, describe their defining characteristics, and explain the purpose of dividing the past into eras, including Spanish Colonial
7.1B explain the significance of the following dates: 1718, founding of San Antonio
7.2C identify important individuals, events, and issues related to European colonization of Texas, including the establishment of Catholic missions, towns, and ranches, and the contributions of individuals such as Fray Damián Massanet, Antonio Margil de Jesús, and Francisco Hidalgo
7.8A locate and compare the Mountains and Basins, Great Plains, North Central Plains, and Coastal Plains regions
7.18C identify examples of Spanish influence and the influence of other cultures on Texas such as place names, vocabulary, religion, architecture, food, and the arts
7.20A differentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources such as media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about Texas
7.20B analyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions
7.20C organize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps
Essential Questions
How has Spanish colonization impacted Texas then and now?
What are the positive and negative effects of Spanish Colonization?
Academic Vocabulary:
Catholic Missions: settlements/buildings created by the Spanish in the New World in order to spread religion and stake claims to land
chronology: the organization of events in the order in which they occurred
civil settlement: communities in which civilians settled; usually built near missions and presidios
colonization: the process of setting up a territory under the control of a distant country
colony: a territory ruled by another nation and settled by people of that nation
corrido: Mexican ballad or song
friar: a member of any of certain religious orders of men
hacienda: a large estate or plantation with a dwelling house
mission: a settlement in Native American territory designed to convert Native Americans to Christianity
presidio: a Spanish fort that protects a mission
priest: a leader of the Catholic Church
ranch: large tract of land where Charros worked with horses and cattle
viceroy: representative who ruled one of Spain's provinces in the Americas in the king's name
Antonio Margil de Jesús: Catholic friar who established several missions in East Texas by 1717; due to Spanish tension with the French; these missions had to be abandoned and he fled to San Antonio where he founded San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo, the most successful of all the Texas missions
Francisco Hidalgo: Catholic friar who stayed at San Francisco de los Tejas until it had to be abandoned in 1693; determined to continue his mission work with the Caddo Indians; in 1711, attempted to reestablish missions in the East Texas/Louisiana area when he sent a letter to the French governor asking for permission, which prompted the French to send St. Denis to East Texas to occupy the area
Fray Damián Massanet: founder of the first Spanish mission in East Texas
José de Escandón: Spanish colonizer who established several large land grants along the Rio Grande in the 1700s
Founding of San Antonio: founded by the Spanish in 1718
Spanish Colonial: the period when the Spanish brought religion, language, and their way of life to Texas