7.1A identify the major eras in Texas history and describe their defining characteristics, including Revolution
7.1B explain the significance of the following dates: 1836, Texas independence
7.3A describe the chain of events that led to the Texas Revolution, including the Fredonian Rebellion, the Mier y Terán Report, the Law of April 6, 1830, the Turtle Bayou Resolutions, and the arrest of Stephen F. Austin
7.3B explain the roles played by significant individuals during the Texas Revolution, including George Childress, Lorenzo de Zavala, James Fannin, Sam Houston, Antonio López de Santa Anna, Juan N. Seguín, and William B. Travis
7.3C explain the issues surrounding significant events of the Texas Revolution, including the Battle of Gonzales, William B. Travis's letter "To the People of Texas and All Americans in the World," and the heroism of the diverse defenders who gave their lives there, the Constitutional Convention of 1836, Fannin's surrender at Goliad, and the Battle of San Jacinto
7.20A differentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources such as media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about Texas
7.20B analyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, summarizing, making generalizations and predictions, and drawing inferences and conclusions
7.20C organize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps
Essential Questions
What were the push pull factors that led to Anglo colonization of Texas?
What caused the Mexican Revolution?
Academic Vocabulary
1821: Mexico gains independence from Spain
Anglo: a white, English-speaking American
Battle of Medina: secured Texas for the Royal Crown (sparked the Mexican Revolution)
cash crop: a crop produced for a profit rather than for grower use
castes: hierarchical system of dividing society based on race
colonization: the process of setting up a territory under the control of a distant country
constitution: a written plan that serves as the framework for a government
Criollos: people of Spanish descent born in Mexico
empresario: person who arranged for the settlement of land in Texas
Erasmo Seguin: civic leader who helped found first public school in San Antonio; leading citizen of San Antonio who escorted Stephen F. Austin to meet Spanish Governor Antonio Martinez in 1821; later recruited men and provided Texas Army with food and horses during the revolution
federalism: the constitutional principle in which the power is shared between a central authority (the nation) and smaller units (the states)
Green Dewitt: second most successful empresario; in 1825 he settled 400 colonists at Gonzales on the Guadalupe River; his wife Sarah and daughter Naomi, cut up Naomi's wedding dress to make the "Come and Take It" banner adopted as the battle flag at Gonzales in 1835
immigrate: to move into a foreign country as a permanent resident
Jose Gutierrez de Lara: rebel leader sent to U.S. for money/supplies; wanted to use Texas as a base to plan the liberation of Mexico from Spain; recruited soldiers in Texas such as American Augustus Magee to fight for liberation
Martin Deleon: successful empresario who brought Mexicans into Texas
Merger of Tejas and Coahuila: the Constitution of 1824 consolidated Coahuila and Texas as one state
Mestizos: people of Spanish and native descent
Mexican: a person from Mexico
Mexican Constitution of 1824: patterned after the U.S. Constitution but resembled more the Spanish Constitution of 1812; Congress was the final interpreter of the document, the Catholic religion was made the state faith, and the church was supported by the public treasury
Moses Austin: first American to receive Spanish land grant in Mexico, later Texas; he died and passed land to his son
nationalism: a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
Peninsulares: people of Spanish descent born in Spain
Protestant: a Christian who is not Catholic
representative government: a form of government in which the people elect people to make decisions for them
republic: a form of government in which citizens choose leaders by voting
revolution: the usually violent attempt of many people to end rule by one government in order to create a new one
Spaniard: a person from Spain
State Colonization Law of 1825: attempt to bring people to the states of Coahuila and Texas, encourage agriculture, and assist commerce; although Americans were allowed to settle in these states, Mexicans would receive first choice of lands
Stephen F. Austin: known as the “Father of Texas,” led the second and ultimately successful settlement of the region by bringing 300 families from the United States
Tejano: a person of Mexican heritage who claims Texas as his home