This category was formerly known as “Device Modification”. Several changes, including the category name, have been made to provide more clarity and focus

Physical Computing highlights student creativity in designing, modifying, or repurposing devices that combine hardware and software to sense, control, or respond to the physical world. Unlike the Robotics category, projects here are not primarily focused on autonomous movement or robotic systems. Devices and components do not need to be new, but the final product must be fully functional and demonstrate purposeful innovation.

Possible project types include (but are not limited to):

• Microcontroller-based builds (Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32, etc.)

• Micro:bit or Makey-Makey

• Internet of Things (IoT) devices and smart home solutions

• Wearable or assistive technologies

• Modified or repurposed consumer electronics

• Interactive art or installations using sensors, controllers, or custom circuitry

• Data-collecting devices (environmental sensors, health monitors, etc.)

Judges use this rubric as a guideline for exemplary project characteristics in this category. Students should use the rubric as a guide to judges' expectations. Information courtesy of the State Technology Competition.