Changes in State:
Matter is composed of tiny particles in motion. When changes of state occur, the atoms and molecules are not changed in structures. Students should be able to describe and illustrate the arrangement and motion of atoms or molecules and changes in state of matter. They should be able to explain that mass is conserved as a substance changes from state to state. When changes occur, mass is conserved because matter is not created or destroyed.
Kinetic and Potential Energy:
Objects and substances in motion have kinetic energy. Objects and substances may have potential energy, due to their relative positions in a system. Gravitational elastic, and chemical energy are all forms of potential energy. Students should be able to identify kinetic and potential energy in everyday situations (stretched rubber band (p), objects in motion(k), ball on a hill(p), food energy(p) Students should be able to demonstrate the transformation between potential and kinetic energy in simple mechanical systems, like roller coasters and pendulums.
Energy Transfer:
Students should be able to explain how energy can be transferred from one place to another by radiation, conduction, or convection. Students should be able to illustrate how energy can be transferred while no energy is lost or gained.