Manage the Availability of Virtual Machines

To help ensure the availability of your application, we strongly recommend using multiple virtual machines that provide redunancy. To provide redunancy, configure more than one virtual machine to perform the same function or role. This redunancy is required to receive a guaranteed level of service. Also be sure to consider dependencies. For example, if virtual machine "IIS1" depends on services provided by virtual machine "SQL1," redundancy for virtual machine "SQL1" is provided by "SQL2" to help avoid service interruptions. For more information about service level agreements, see the "Cloud Services, Virtual Machines and Virtual Network" section in Service Level Agreements.

This approach can help ensure that your application is available during local network failures, local disk hardware failures, and any planned downtime that the platform may require.

You manage the availability of an application that uses multiple virtual machines by adding the virtual machines to an availability set. Availability sets are directly related to fault domains and update domains. A fault domain in Windows Azure is defined by avoiding single points of failure, like the network switch or power unit of a rack of servers. In fact, a fault domain is closely equivalent to a rack of physical servers. When multiple virtual machines are connected in a cloud service, an availability set places the virtual machines in different fault domains. The following diagram shows two availability sets with two virtual machines in each set.

Windows Azure periodically updates the operating system that hosts the instances of an application. A virtual machine is shut down when an update is applied. An update domain is used to ensure that not all of the virtual machine instances are updated at the same time. When you assign multiple virtual machines to an availability set, Windows Azure ensures that the machines are assigned to different update domains. The previous diagram shows two virtual machines running Internet Information Services (IIS) in separate update domains and two virtual machines running SQL Server also in separate update domains.

You should use a combination of availability sets and load-balancing endpoints to help ensure that your application is always available and running efficiently. For more information about using load-balanced endpoints, see Load Balancing Virtual Machines.

This task includes the following steps:

• Step 1: Create a virtual machine and an availability set

• Step 2: Add a virtual machine to the cloud service and assign it to the availability set during the creation process

• Step 3: (Optional) Create an availability set for previously created virtual machines

• Step 4: (Optional) Add a previously created virtual machine to an availability set

Step 1: Create a virtual machine and an availability set

To create an availability set that contains virtual machines, you can create the first virtual machine and the availability set at the same time, and then you can add virtual machines to the availability set as you create them. You can also create virtual machines, create an availability set, and then add all of the machines to the set.

To create a virtual machine and availability set

• 1. If you have not already done so, sign in to the Windows Azure Management Portal.

  2. On the command bar, click New.

  3. Click Virtual Machine, and then click From Gallery.

     1. The Select the virtual machine operating system dialog box appears.

  4. From Platform Images, select an image and then click the arrow to continue.

• • 1. The Virtual machine configuration dialog box appears.

• 5. In Virtual Machine Name, type the name that you want to use for the virtual machine.

  6. In New User Name, type a name for the administrative account that you want to use to manage the server.

  7. In New Password, type a strong password for the administrative account. In Confirm Password, retype the password that you previously entered.

  8. In Size, select the size that you want to use for the virtual machine. The size that you select depends on the number of cores that are needed for your application.

  9. Click the arrow to continue.

• • 1. The Virtual machine mode dialog box appears.

• 10. Choose Stand-alone virtual machine.

  11. In DNS Name, type a name for the cloud service that is created for the machine. The name can contain from 3 through 24 lowercase letters and numbers.

  12. In Storage Account, select a storage account where the .vhd file is stored, or you can select to have a storage account automatically created. Only one storage account per region is automatically created. All other virtual machines that you create with this setting are located in this storage account. You are limited to 20 storage accounts.

  13. In Region/Affinity Group/Virtual Network, select region, affinity group, or virtual network that you want to contain the virtual machine. For more information about affinity groups, see About Affinity Groups for Virtual Network.

  14. Click the arrow to continue.

• • 1. The Virtual machine options dialog box appears.

• 15. In Availability Set, select Create availability set.

  16. In Availability Set Name, enter the name for the availability set.

  17. Click the arrow to create the virtual machine and the availability set.

• • 1. From the dashboard of the new virtual machine, you can click Configure and see that the virtual machine is a member of the new availability set.

Step 2: Add a virtual machine to the cloud service and assign it to the availability set during the creation process

The previous step showed you how to create a virtual machine and availability set at the same time. You can now create a new virtual machine, connect it to the cloud service of the first virtual machine, and then add it to the availability set that you previously created.

To connect a new virtual machine and add it to the availability set

• 1. If you have not already done so, sign in to the Windows Azure Management Portal.

  2. On the command bar, click New.

  3. Click Virtual Machine, and then click From Gallery.

     1. The Select the virtual machine operating system dialog box appears. You can now select an image from the Image Gallery.

  4. Click Platform Images, select the platform image that you want to use, and then click the arrow to continue.

• • 1. The Virtual machine configuration dialog box appears.

• 5. In Virtual Machine Name, type the name that you want to use for the virtual machine.

  6. 6.In New User Name, type a name for the administrative account that you want to use to manage the server.

  7. In New Password, type a strong password for the administrative account on the virtual machine. In Confirm Password, retype the password.

  8. In Size, select the size that you want to use for the virtual machine. The size that you select depends on the number of cores that are needed for your application.

  9. For a virtual machine running the Linux operating system, you can select to secure the machine with an SSH Key.

  10. Click the arrow to continue.

• • 1. The Virtual machine mode dialog box appears.

• 11. Select Connect to existing Virtual Machine to create a new virtual machine that will be connected with the first virtual machine in the availability set. Select the cloud service that contains the virtual machine in the availability set.

  12. In Storage Account, select a storage account where the VHD file is stored.

  13. In Region/Affinity Group/Virtual Network, select region that you want to contain the virtual machine.

  14. Click the arrow to continue.

• • 1. The Virtual machine options dialog box appears.

• 15. Select the availability set that was created when you created the first virtual machine.

  16. Click the check mark to create the connected virtual machine and add it to the availability set.

• • 1. From the dashboard of the new virtual machine, you can click Configure and see that the virtual machine is a member of the new availability set.

Step 3: (Optional) Create an availability set for previously created virtual machines

You can create an availability set and add a virtual machine to it after you create the machine. After you create a virtual machine, you can configure the size of the machine and whether it is a member of an availability set.

To create a new availability set

• 1. If you have not already done so, sign in to the Windows Azure Management Portal.

  2. Click Virtual Machines, and then select the virtual machine that you want to configure.

  3. Click Configure.

  4. In the Availability Set section, select Create Availability Set, and then enter a name for the set.

  5. Click Save.

     1. Note: This might result in the virtual machine being restarted to finalize the membership in the availability set.

Step 4: (Optional) Add a previously created virtual machine to an availability set

You can easily add an existing virtual machine to an availability set that was previously created. To add a virtual machine to an availability set, it must connected to the same cloud service as the other virtual machines in the set. For more information about connecting virtual machines, see How to Connect Virtual Machines in a Cloud Service.

To add an existing virtual machine to an availability set

• 1. If you have not already done so, sign in to the Windows Azure Management Portal.

  2. Click Virtual Machines, and then select the virtual machine that you want to add to the availability set.

  3. Click Configure.

  4. In the Availability Set section, select the availability set that you previously created.

  5. Click Save.

     1. Note: This might result in the virtual machine being restarted to finalize the membership in the availability set.