99 Ways To Pass the ES Regents H.W.

99 Ways To Pass the ES Regents! (Running yearly H.W.)

Directions:

You will be responsible for learning ALL of these facts throughout the school year.

You must make a flash-card for each number and STUDY them!

They are divided up based off topics. Once we have started learning a topic in class you will be responsible for knowing all the facts associated with that topic.

You will be quizzed every Friday of each week on all the facts we have learned up to that Friday.

Unit 1: Measurements

1-Dark & rough / absorbs light

Light & smooth / reflects light

2-The closer & larger two objects are / the greater the force of gravity

3-When in doubt / use the reference tables

Unit 2: Measuring Earth

4-The earth’s orbit is / nearly circular

5-The earth rotates / west to east, 15 degrees per hour, in 24 hours or one day

6-Shadows get longer as the sun / gets lower

7-The altitude of Polaris equals / the latitude of the observer

8-The earth revolves / counterclockwise, 1 degree per day, in 365 1/4 days or one year

Unit 3: Topographic Maps

9-The closer isolines are / the steeper the gradient

Unit 4: Weathering & Erosion

10-Weathering occurs when rocks are exposed to / the hydrosphere, biosphere, & atmosphere

11-Moist & warm climates favor / chemical weathering

12-Moist & cold climates favor / physical weathering

13-As particle size decreases / surface area increases & the rate of weathering increases

14-Soils develop as a result of / weathering and biological activity

15-The primary force that drives the agents of erosion is / gravity

16-Stream velocity depends on / gradient and volume of water

17-The outside of a meander bend is / fast and erodes. The inside of a meander bend is / slow and deposits

18-As stream velocity increases, the size of the particles that can be transported / increases

19-Streams carry sediments by / solution, suspension, bouncing & rolling

20- Streams valleys are / V shaped

21-The area drained by a river and its tributaries is a / watershed

Unit 5: Deposition & Glaciations

22-The particles that settle out first are / larger, most dense, and roundest

23-Water and wind deposits are / sorted by size and layered

24-Gravity and glacial deposits are / unsorted

25-Resistant layers of rock / stick out (forms cliffs)

26-Glacial landscapes show / U shaped valleys, depressions, irregular hills, scratched boulders

27-The sediments deposited at the mouth of a river form a / delta

Unit 6: Minerals & Resources

28-The mineral & rock that react to acid are/ calcite & limestone

29-Minerals are identified on the basis of / well defined physical and chemical properties

30-The basic elements of most minerals are / oxygen and silicon

31-The physical properties of minerals depends upon / the internal arrangement and bonding of atoms

Unit 7: Rocks

32-Rocks are classified on the basis of / their origin (how they formed)

33-Igneous rocks form by / the crystallization of molten magma or lava (intergrown crystals)

34-Crystal size in igneous rocks depends on / the rate of cooling

35-Intrusive igneous rocks form / slowly beneath the earth’s surface (large crystals)

36-Extrusive igneous rocks form / quickly on the earth’s surface (small crystals)

37-Continents are / granite and thick

Oceans are / basalt and thin

38-Sedimentary rocks form from / sediments, evaporation of water and organic remains

39-Rocks are identified by their / texture

Igneous / Coarse, fine, glassy, vesicular

Sedimentary / clastic

Metamorphic / foliated

40-Fossils are found almost exclusively in / sedimentary rocks

41-Metamorphic rocks form from / other rocks by the action of heat and/or pressure (recrystallization)

42-Contact metamorphism occurs when / molten rock comes in contact with other rocks

43-Regional metamorphism occurs / over large areas and is associated with mountain building

Unit 8: Plate Tectonics & Earthquakes

44-Plate tectonics is caused by/mantle convection currents

45-The farther you go from the center of a ridge/the older the rocks get

46-One seismograph can give you/epicenter distance

To get the direction you need/three seismographs

47-We know the outer core is liquid because / S waves cant go through it

48-Plate tectonics says / the earth’s lithosphere is divided into pieces called plates that move

49-The 3 types of plate boundaries are / divergent (moving away at mid ocean ridges), convergent (coming together) and transform (sliding / San Andreas Fault)

50-Subduction is when / one plate sinks under another forming a trench

Unit 9: Geologic Time

51-In undisturbed strata, the bottom layer is / older

52-Faults, folds, & intrusions are / younger than the rocks they are found in

53-Index fossils are / found over a wide area and existed for a short period of time

54-An unconformity is a / buried erosional surface

Unconformities represent a / gap in the geologic record

55-The half life of a radioactive istope / cannot be changed

56-Carbon is used to date / recent organic remains

57-Most life forms of the geologic past have / become extinct

Unit 10: Weather

58- The weather in a high is/ nice (sunny no precip)

The weather in a low is/ bad (cloudy & precip)

59-The 500 rule says/over 500 add a 9, below 500 add a 10, and always add a decimal

60-Precipitation occurs when: warm, moist air rises, expands and cools

61-Warm air is capable of / holding more water vapor than cool air

62-As altitude increases, air pressure / decreases

63-Wind is named for / the direction it comes from

Wind is caused by / differences in air pressure

64-The closer air temperature is to the dew point / the greater the chance of precipitation

65-Air in a low pressure area is / warm & moist

Air in a high pressure area is / cool & dry

66-A rising barometer means / good weather is coming

A falling barometer means / bad weather is coming

A steady barometer means / no change

67-Fronts occur where / air masses meet

68-The most likely areas for precipitation are / the leading edges of air masses (fronts)

69-The circulation around a low pressure system is / counterclockwise, toward the center, where air rises

The circulation around a high pressure system is / clockwise, away from the center, where air sinks

70-Weather systems in the US usually move / from west to east (with a hook to the NE)

71-CT / warm & dry CP / cool & dry

MT / warm & moist MP / cool & moist

72-Hurricanes form / over warm oceans in summer and autumn

73-Hurricanes lose strength / as they move over land or cool water

Unit 11: Insolation & The Water Cycle

74-Porosity does NOT depend on / particle size

75-As particle size increases, permeability / increases

76-As particle size increases, capillary action / decreases

77-In the US, at noon, to see the sun you have to face / south

78-The seasons are caused by / the tilt of the earth’s axis & the revolution around the sun

79-The intensity of sunlight varies with / the angle of

the sun

80-The sun is most intense at an angle of / 90

81-Summer solstice / June 21

sun rises / north of east

sun sets / north of west

sun’s altitude / highest of year

vertical ray hits / tropic of cancer

NY gets / 16 hours of daylight

North Pole gets / 24 hours of daylight

82-Winter solstice / December 21

sun rises / south of east

sun sets / south of west

sun’s altitude / lowest of year

vertical ray hits / tropic of Capricorn

NY gets / 8 hours daylight

North Pole gets / 0 hours daylight

83-Vernal Equinox / March 21

Autumnal Equinox / September 23

sun rises / due east

sun sets / due west

vertical ray hits / equator

whole earth gets / 12 hours

84-The equator always receives / 12 hours of intense sunlight

85-The earth absorbs mostly / short wavelength light energy

86-The earth reradiates mostly / long wavelength heat energy

87-Gases such as carbon dioxide / prevent the escape of heat causing the greenhouse effect

88-Marine climate has / cool summers & warm winter

89- Continental climate has / cold winter & hot summers

90-Leeward side of a mountain is / dry & warm due to compression

91-Windward side of a mountain is / cool & moist due to expansion

Unit 12: Astronomy

92-Two proofs that the earth rotates / Coriolis Effect & Foucaults Pendulum

93-The proof that the universe is expanding is /the redshift

94-A new moon occurs when / the moon is between the earth & the sun

A full moon occurs when / the earth is between the sun & the moon

95-A solar eclipse happens when / The moon is between the earth & the sun and it blocks out the sun

96-A lunar eclipse happens when / the Earth is between the sun & the moon and the Earths shadow hits the moon

97-As a planet gets closer to the sun / the faster it orbits

98-The earth’s orbit around the sun is / nearly circular

99-The moon revolves / around the earth, in an elliptical orbit, in one month