THEORY

Internal Colonialism: 

“the biopolitical and geopolitical management of people, land, flora and fauna within the “domestic” borders of the imperial nation. This involves the use of particularized modes of control - prisons, ghettos, minoritizing, schooling, policing  - to ensure the ascendancy of a nation and its white elite…Strategies of internal colonialism, such as segregation, divestment, surveillance, and criminalization, are both structural and interpersonal.” (Tuck and Yang 2012, 5)

External Colonialism: 

“External colonialism (also called exogenous or exploitation colonization) denotes the expropriation of fragments of Indigenous worlds, animals, plants and human beings, extracting them in order to transport them to - a build the wealth, the privilege, or feed the appetites of - the colonizers, who get marked as the first world.” (Tuck and Yang 2012, 4)

Settler Colonialism: 

“Settler colonialism operates through internal/external colonial modes simultaneously because there is no spatial separation between metropole and colony…The horizons of the settler colonial nation-state are total and require a mode of total appropriation of Indigenous life and land, rather than the selective expropriation of profit-producing fragments.” (Tuck and Yang 2012, 5) 

Settler moves to innocence: 

“Settler moves to innocence are those strategies or positionings that attempt to relieve the settler of feelings of guilt or responsibility without giving up land or power or privilege, without having to change much at all.” (Tuck and Yang 2012, 10)