“Receipt-Book, 17th-18th century” is an anonymous collection of recipes that dates back from 1690 to approximately 1710. This collection features 249 pages of recipes that range from preserves, stilling, cosmetics, “surgery and phisick”, liquors, syrups, and cookery. Recipes deemed as “practical knowledge useful for the running of early modern households.”[1] What is particularly interesting about this recipe book is the fact that it resembles a commonplace book. Commonplace books were the equivalent to a hobby for early modern individuals. Both men and women could dedicate their books to subjects of their interests, like science, sketching, cookery, poetry, and so on from other sources that included friends, families, or published works.
Compilers of commonplace books “began to adapt the book to suit their needs” and “left traces of their collecting activities”.[2] This specific recipe book incorporates several practices from the commonplace book tradition: it has an alphabetized index, the pages are numbered, and there are even blank pages for the complier to document future recipes. The compiler also attributes a number of recipes to the supposed owner in the titles. For example, on page 88, there is a recipe titled “The Lady Allins water” and “The Lady Huetts Cordiall water”. Additionally, what makes this recipe seem more like a commonplace book is the scraps of paper that were presumably found within the book. These three scraps of paper appear to have been ripped and another folded, all featuring different handwriting.
The author of the book is unknown; however, there are several clues that would indicate that the book was compiled by a noble family. The first is that the book was purchased from the Duke of Leeds’s Library at Sotheby’s from the Hornby Castle Sale, in 1930. It is also bound in calf binding.[3] To further support our theory, some of the receipts in the book reference their sources as being from a Lady.[4] Furthermore, the book references a Lady Betty Southhall, who may have been related to Alexander Pearson or Lord Southhall and his wife, Bessie.[5] One of the torn pages at the beginning of the book also makes reference to a Duke Teman; however, there are no references to a Duke Teman in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.[6]
88.
For the Spleene.
Take balme or Seabins, betony & pimpernell of each a good quantity A good deale of Venice turpentine amongst the herbs, laying them in the still, so still it alltogether. Drinck often of this water especially morning & evening & it will cure it.
For the Stone. Another.
Take a good handfull of read Stinging Nettles & as much wild thym, two good handfull of bean pods newly gathered, a quarte of milk from the Cow, ten eggs shells & all brocken, worke them & the milk well together, then take as much white wine Venigar as will turne the milk well but not to much, Mix all well - together & distill it in a moderate still with a gentle fire. When you fear the fitt com take 3 or 4 Spoonfull cold to prevent it, tis best att the new & full Moon for prevention, however it is good att other time when you are ill.
The Lady Allins water.
Take of read Sage, rosmary, dragons mugwort, wormwood, pimpernell, egrimony rosa-solis, Carduus benedictus, Scabbius burnet Sinfield, balme rue Celendine of each one handfull, or other like quantity by weight, wash them & shake them in a cloth, and then shread them and poure on them a gallon of white wine, with a quarter of an ounce of gention's roots and as much Angelina's roots lett it Stand 2 days - close Stopt in a deep pott. So distill it in an ordinary Still & Keep it close. The doze is 2 or 3 spoonfulls to a child & 5 or 6 to a woman or woman. It is excellent for Convulsions fitts.
To wash the face after the Small pox
Take all the Calves feets with the haires on, pick them & rub them very cleane, but not washe them, breake them all to peices, & lett them lye 24 houres in Steepe - in 2 quartes of white win, then stick them slowly. wash with this.
A water comparable to gold.
Take a gallon of white wine, 4 ounces of gention 24 ounces of century, Stamp them together putt the wine to them & lett them soacke together 5 days. Then distill them in an ordinary still; Keepe the water in a close Vepell. When you use it, take 2 or 3 spoonfull morning & evening. This water preserves the body from - impostumes, makes good colour, Resist plague, Avoides stuffs Stomack, repells & putts away all wabrish humours, breacks the Stone in the reins, purges the belly & spleen, cures purges collour & correct blood, it cleares Sight.
The Lady Huetts Cordiall water.
Take of anyseeds, fennells seeds, Carroways seeds, parshy's seeds of each 2 dragms. of spicknard, elecampana roots dryed, melliots flowers, calamus aromaticus, cardamon Vignum Aloes, rubarbe sliced thin gallingall, Veromia of each of these 2 dragmes. Of juniper's berries one dragme; of aromaticum rofarum. 3 dragms. Of zodiaria, quibibus grams of each 2 dragms; Chvna's roots one ounce, Sassafras shied half an ounce, - hearts-horne 2 ounces. Washe all the hearts & swing them in a cloth till the water be wen drained from them, then lay them thin vpon a table to drye better, after Shread them small & putt them into a earthen pott, & putt therunto as much
Sherry
89.
Sherry sack as will cover them, but before you steep them, putt your drugs spieces & seeds into the midst of the hearbs being bruised before you putt them in, lett them steepe 24 houres, them putt all into a Limbeck, & from this - quantity of ingredients draw 3 pintes of water, which being mixed will be strong enough. If you desire it smaller add a pinte more from the same stilling then to each quarte of water put the quantity of cordialls here expre()d. of bezoar 15 grams. Musk 12 grains; amber-greece 10 grains; flower of co-rail 1 grame; flower of pearls 1 dragme ; flower of amber half a dragme . - white sugar candy beaten half a pound; of leaves-gold 4 leaves; a small bag - of Safran . Shake these together well in the glasse for 14 days, once a day; the longer you keep it the better.
This one of the highest Cordiall yt is, it is good to send forth meazels, small-pox or plague, good for the palsy & to forward weomen's labour; It revives - almost from the dead.
To open & purge the Liver
Take a pinte of white wine, & skim it, then putt into it a piece of Rossin a little bigger then a wallnutt, lett it melt in the Ale, stirring it all the while with a cleane stick, when it is melted take it & sweeten it with sugar & give the party pained half a pinte att night when they goe to bed, and as much in the morning as hott as he can drink it.
A Vomitt for an Ague.
Take 9 spoonfull of read roses-water & 6 of the juice of Oranges, make it - very think with Sguar & when you perceive your fitt a coming, sett it on the fire, and when the Sugar is melted in it, take it & drink it of. These 3. should be putt in phy.
Another Snaile's Water.
Take 3 gallons of the Strongest Ale and two gallons of Sack, then take one - peck of gardens snailes, and make a fire of Chearcole, & sett a large driping-pan on the fire, lett the snailes roast in it so long as they continue hissing, take them out & bruise them & putt them into the ale & sack with 8 ounces of harts-horne - one ounce & a half of Cloves bruised, 2 good handfull of Celendine, 2 of Angelica's leaves, and 3 quartes of rosmary flowers; stop the mouth of your Alembeck with - the paste, and in the morning distill it vpon white sugar candy. Keepe the first by it selfe, & so the Second & third. If you have skill in stilling & t' will doe very - well in a rose's still.
A Water for Convulsions fitts.
Take Junipers berries one ounce. Ray-berries, half an ounce, pyonys berries 6.dragms Camphir 2 dragms, fine rubarbe one ounce, assa toetida 2 dragms. Rue water 3 quarts. Beat all the Berries, Rubarbe Ass-foetida & Camphir, then mingle them with the rue water & distill them in a Roses-still. But if you distill them in a glasse, still you must have 4 quarts of rue water. Before you beate ye Camphir rub ye mortar with an Almond To a child that has fitt, give a spoonfull att a time, 3 or 4 times a day. If you only feare fitts give a spoonfull every morning for a month together. To an old body give six spoonfull in a morning for a month.
90.
How to Keepe Roses 2 or 3 years to distill.
Take a Rundlet, the one end being taken out, and strow a good handfull of - bay-salt in the bottom of that ; then take some roses & bruise them a litle in a mortar, & lay them a finger thick into your Rundlet vpon the top of your Salt, and then strow another strowing of salt vpon your roses, & so one of Roses & - another of salt, vntill your rundlet be full, remembering allwaies to bruise them in a litle in a mortar, & when it is full cause your Rundlet to be stopped vp so - close as you can, So that none of the liquor runs out nor take any aire, allways remembering to turne your Rundlet once every weeke or every fort-night att ye - furtherst standing vpon the end, so you may keepe them good a year 2 or 3, then when you list you may distill them in a Limbeck, you may take for every London peck a gallon of rosewater, & that which coms first is the best.
To make Treakle Water.
Take an ounce of the Shavings of harts-horne, boile it in 3 pintes of - Carduus water till it coms to a quarte, then take the roots of Elicampana & Gentium, Cyprus & Tormentill of each one ounce, carduus, angelica & cytrons - rinds of each an ounce, Burrage's flowers, bugloses flowers rosmary , flowers margoes flowers of each 2 ounces; then take a pod of the best old treakle, dissolve it in 6 pintes of white wine & 3 pintes of read roses water & infuse all together in an earthen vessell exceeding close stopped 24 houres, and then still it in a glasse still, or an ordinary rose water still yt is very close ) and still it with a slow fire, and as long as there is any strenght in the water, - then mix it all the water together, & sweeten it with sugar according to your liking. Take 4 spoonfull of it att a time & so less according the age of ye party to a new-born child but a small spoonfull att a time.
It is good against any infection & in the small pox and measels, it gently brings them forth, it is good in a feaver & if the heat be Violent then add some syrup of cytrons, so much as will git it a quickness. It is good to be taken in the yellow yander, & if it be taken before the fitts, it doth in a - short time helpe the Ague. It helpes the wormes in children if taken att night when they goes to bed, and to new born children it is good for winds & griping paines.
To make Sweet water.
Take a Botle of rose-water & putt it into a still and draw out 3 pintes, then - putt in the 3 pintes again and draw out 2 pintes; then putt to it 2 grains of - Civett 4 of musk & 8 of amber-greeie ; So putt all into a glasse very well stopped, & putt it in a thing of hott water & there lett it stand all day; then take it out, & when it is cold straine it & keepe it to your vse very close.
To dry & parfume Roses
Take the best leaves of Roses, then putt cleane white paper within ye still, then staw all over the still a line of roses & then some of the pouder, (vnder prescribed) and then more roses & then pouder & so till the still be allmost full, then cutt a paper round to be just within the still , & putt noe other cover vpon it, but Keepe a good heate in the still; and as the cakes dryed turne the other side
& when
91.
& when you think they be dryed enough take them out of the still, & parte every leave one from another, then lay them all abroad in some chamber vpon papers vntill these be dryed well, then putt them into glasses & tye them vp close; The pouders are. Orris pouder Very small a - good quantity and beniamin allmost as much, a few cloves beaten small a litle musk bruised small & so mingle these pouders together.
A good Water + Broth for the Face
Take a quarte of Snailes, wash them in salt, & water them in 2 faire - waters, putt them in a pan with some wine leaves & strow loafe sugar on - them, lett them laye so till next morning, covring them with a Cive, that they may have aire, putt in a handfull of Lillies roots, a handfull of - malloes-roots, a wuantity of femitory & tanzy, a pinte of beanes blasoms a pinte of strawberries, a pinte of Elder's blasoms, a lemon & some white roses, a litle chick of 5 weekes old gutts & all, only scalding of ye feathers - a pinte of butter-milk, of Virgins wax & turpantine an ounce of each, still all these in a common still very slowly & gently.
Another Sweet Water.
Take Walnuts tree leaves, roseleaves sweet marjoran, cloves, Lavenders tops Oranges peels & lemons peels, balm, mints; So still them. hang a bag of must in your botle.
For the Cakes and ordinary rose's Cakes sprinckle on them Venigar & putt them in the Oven or hott Sun to dry for cloths.
Honey water for the Haire.
Take rosmary & lay it over the bottom of your still & poure a good- quantity of honey on it; so still it.
To keepe the teeth cleane & white.
Take lemons & distill them, & so washe your teeth with the - water, for tis very good for the vse above said.
Palsy's water. Mrs Edward.
Take levender's flowers half a peck, the flowers of sage, Rose--mary, burrage, buglos, bittony and Cowslips of each one quarte; Keep them in gally potts glasses several fited vp with 5 quarts - of spirit of Wine. Mothersworth, Bayleaves, Oranges leaves and flowers mintced small, and infused with the others; lett them - stand after you have the last 6 weekes ; still them ; putt into - the water citron’s peels dryed and poudred, of pione seeds huld, of each 6 dragms. Cinnamon, Nuttmeggs, mace cardamum, Cu--bebs, yellow Sanders of each half an ounce; lignum aloës - 1 dragm, beat all these into pouder; stone and cutt small half a po^d of tamaris; putt all this in a large gally-glasse, and
putt
92.
putt the water to them hot from the still; Infuse it six weekes close stepped; then straine it clean out, putt into the water prepared pearles 2 dragms, smarrags 1 scruple ambregrees, musk and saffran of each half a Scruple, read roses dryed sweet read Sanders and yellow poudred of each 1 ounce, Putt those in a Sassenet bag and hange it in – the botle close stopt and wasced; the longuer you Keep it the better.
The Cherries Water.
Take of the best Canary sack 2 quartes, Spirit of wine half a pinte, read cherries stoned 4 pod blossoms of sage, rosemary, marygold, cloves gellyflowers, burrage and – bugloss of each 4 handfull, the young tops of balme & Scorsimary of each 1 handfull, Cinamon & nuttmeggs of each 2 ounces, corriander’s seeds prepared & sweet fennel seeds & harthorns of each one ounce, Saffran & the con--fe[c]tion of alkermis of each one dragm, Cloves & juniper-berries of each 20. Still it.
The Wind Water.
Take of wormwood, Carduus & spermint, of each one pod – half a pod of read Sage, rue & balme of each 2 handfull minced small and infused in a gallon & half of the best – canary 24 hours; Still it in a glass still or limbeck, dropp it vpon loafe sugar.
Aqua Mirabilis. Mrs Edwards & all before
Take Sack Saffron Mellilots flowers Gallingal Cloves Cubebe ginger. Mace. Cardamun Nuttmegg, of each 1 dragm. the juice of Sallandin 8 ounces; Mingle all the pouders in the Same juice & a pinte of good Aqua Vita & 3 pintes of good white wine putt it in a glass still or Limbeck over night, & still it in the morning.
To make paste for Hands
Take halfe a pod of figs, mas many reasins of the Sun Stoned, half a pod of bitter almonds blanched; Beat all these severally in a mortar Very Small, mix them together with 2 lemons, the seeds; take out x[of] the lemons minced, 2 handfull of beans meale; Biole all of these togethfier in a pinte of white wine Venigar Stirring them continuall, X when it has boiled that it sticks noe more to the pipkin it was biled in, take it off x[of] putt it in a gally-pott for your use.
To make Lilp’s Salve
Take half a pinte of rose-water, putt in about the bignefts of a large-walnut of fresh butter without any salt, and about the bignefs of a large grey pea of Bees-wax x the bignefs of a walnut of the fine loafe sugar Boile all together, x when cold take the salve of the water.
A Very good Wase for the Face to take out heat x-make the skin cleare
Take as much white sugar candu as will laye upon a sheling, the same quantity of allum, beabe the white of a new lead egg very well, x them putt in the allum x sugar candy x beate them all-together, them putt them into a pinte of white whine x one ounce of oyle of tartar one ounce of oyle of- almonds x shake them all-together for 2 houres without staninf still, then putt in a penny-worth of camphir tyed up in a bag, xlett it hange in the botle, shake it when you use it.
To washe the face. Lady Foster
Take black snailes x pull of the black stings out of the back, then wash them x lay them in a cloth, x to spoll them
A Sweet water to burne upon a fire-pan a little at a time
Take 2 ounces of Benjamin, x as much of storax, a quarter of an ounce of-cloves, all these beate several into powder; 6 grains of music x as much of the spirit of roses; grind the musk to powder, x 6 grains of Civett; you must take a Spoonfull or two of rose-water to melt the civet; take a quarter of Damas-rose-water x put it in a glasse, x then take all of these things x putt into it. Then shake your glasse 2 or 3 times in a day, x when ye glasse is almost out you may fill it again to the sweets, x it will make the water sweet 2 or-3 years. And so use it as you please.
To dry x parfume Roses
Take the best leaves of roses. Ne. looke in the stilling page 90.
For readness or pushes in the Face
Take the juice of white grapes, before they be ripe, being suddenly prefs out/ 1 pinte of the depirated juice of houseleeck, 2 pinted of the purest juice of lemons 12 ounces Sulphutt Vinom. Very finely poudered x searched 2 ounces of roach allum half an ounce Borax 3 dragms, white sugar Candy 6 dragms, Camphir 1 dragme, let all of these be putt-together in a bouth-head x buried in horses-dung the space of eight days.Afterward let the liquor be filtered thorough browne paper, afterward add a pinte of the purest rectified psiritt of wine. With this you are to dab your face with a linen cloth at night, the next morning wash it off with ye. Water of white lilies distilled.
110
To dry Roses. Another way.
Take the buds x cut them from the whites, then stieck a clove in the midst of them, x putt them into a preserving glasse, and lay a lay of Roses c a lay of orris powder, Geniamen Storax x a little amber-greece. So lay them close stopping the glasse, x sett it on the sun, when it has stood five days open the glasse x stew them x sett them on the sun again till they be thorow dry.
To dry Roses for linen. Another way
Putt your Roses as you use into an ordinary still, putt not on the top of your still att all, make but with fire, when they grow damp putt some-sweet powder on them, keep them stirring till they be dry. Sow them in baggs for linen.
To washe the Face with
Make a posset with milke luke warme, Grandy-sack x a little juice of lemmon take the curdle cleare, then blanche x beate fine some cocombers seeds, putt a little sack to them as you beate them, putt them into your posset set it to warme gently over the fire, then sett it by for 2 days/ Warme it again so straine it out.
Another good water to wash ye face with
Take the second water that pearle-barly was boiled in x blanche some bitter allmonds in it x beate them well x make allmonds milk with your barly-water; and if you have a rough read fulehing putt in a little-salt-peper.
Another water for the Face.
Take the distilled water of the sperme of froggs half a pinte, with an ounce of white poppies seeds, make an emulsion thereof like allmonds milke, straine it and add therto of mercury sublimat. 5 grans x 6 drops of the juice of lemons x keepe it for your use
Att your going to bed you must dip a linen cloth in it x wash yr face and wash it of in the morning with milk.
For pimples in the face
Take the white of a new lead egg x 2 spoonfull of oyle of Violetts of read-roses water x juice of sorrel of each a spoonful, of flower of sulphur half a dragme, and half a spoonful of white wine Venigar, mix all of these things together and make a Vinguent thereof for your use.
To make Smoothe the skin and take away Freckles
Take Oyle of sweet almonds an ounce new draw oule of tartar half an ounce putt them x shake them together x it will become white. Wett the skin there with alt night when you geoes to bed
111
A Pomatum
A caull of Veale laid in socak in water, shifting it two days twice a day, then ring it out with your hands x beate it will in a mortar putt to it a litle white win, putt it in a gally-pott, tye it close x boile it in a skellet of water x boile it 2 or 3 houres, then traine it out x worke it well with a spoon in an earthen Bason, then talke a litle white sugar candy time beaten x searched; then mix it well to a Body.
Another pomatum
Take a pod of the fatt of a young hogg, skin it x cut it grosly, let it laye in water 2 dayes shifting it once a day; then take a handful of the roots of Sollomans, wash x scrape them cleane, beate them with a penqworth of cocombers seeds in a stone mortar; then cleane beate them with a penqqurth of in a stone mortar; then putt your suet in a x beate all-together, putt it in a gally-pott close covered x sett it in a skiellet of water to melt for 2 houres; then pure it into a Bason; Beate it cold. The next day putt it again ito the pott to melt in the skellet as above with a quarter of a minte of rosewater, so let it stand a melting for 2 houres in boiling water, then straine it out into a Bason; when it is cold beate it up x pott it.
A paste to scowre hands
Take half a pod of peache’s curnets, scald them in hot water x balance them in cold water x stamp them in a stone mortar, and when they be well beaten, take the whites of 4 eggs, stir them well together, putt to it a litle white wine x the juice of a Lemon x a little white rose water, mingle all of these in a mortar, then sett it on the fire in an earthen pott, till it beginner to be a little hard, then take it of xkeepe it in a gally-pott close covered; and when you use it take as much as a nuttmegg x rub it all over your hands x wrists with a litle bean’s flouwer x waterx let it lay till it is dry not wiping them, yet you may dap ym on a dry cloth. This will make your hands white, smooth soft x moist.
To make Camphir Balls
First take fowre allmonds faire scrapped, knocke those in a mortar reasonably well, one ounce of camphir putt unto ye. Allmonds x knock ym a good while together with a spoonful or two of rosewater, then putt in a little wheat flower; then take half a pod of castell-soape, shave it x putt it into the rest of the compounds x beate them all well together in a mortar, and after the putting of the soape putt in a litle flower x a litle rose-water; all these compounds being well beaten together, then take it out and owrke it into balls x oputt them in a box close to dry
To make Boards looke well
Scowre them twice or thrice in a year with fullers earth x sand- x once a weeke or when they are spotted rub them with a longe brushe x sweepe them cleane. Thus they will look well. Mrs. Huxly after they are scowred with fullers earth x sand take some fur-merick bruise it x oile it in water then with cleane cloth wash over the board, x when it is dry rub the Roome.
112
To cleare Sylver plates to look as noew
First neall your plates in the fire, which is putting the plates in a hot fire till it be as brigte as a coale whe it is read hott putt it out x sett it on the hearth, x when it is cold put into a poiling pott of water be sure it boiled when you putt it in, then take a dung called argoll (which you may have att a Drugster) x salt. let the salt be more in proportion then the argoll. Be sure not to stir it with any horn or brafts for it will burne it black, but with a stick. Now you take 2 ounces of salt to one ounce x half of argoll x this proportion to 2 or 3 quarters of spring water, wo when tis white it is enough. Take it out with a stick x be sure you keepe your water continually boiling till you take it out.
To dye straw read, marry or yellow
Putt the straws into faire water x putt to them as much roach allum as will make the water of a blackish colour let them boile half an houre then take them out x put some of them into a thing by them-selves x putt faire water to them, If it be a thing yt will hold 2 quarts you may out putt m half a pod of brazil x a dragme of cocfienill a little bruised x putt into a rag; let this bile till it be read, then take them out x put into the same liquor more straws, and if need be more water, x a quarter of a pod of logwood let this bile for a marry colour. To make a yellow you must boile them straws in faire water x a quarter of a pod of turmerick x a litle saffran, Soe let it bile to a yellow.
To dye Straws Bleus
Take chamberly att least 7 or 8 days old (for the older it is the better) poure it from the grounds, x pott it into a a cleane carthem pott, then take an ounce of roach-allum beaten into pouder x putt it into ye . Chamberlye, then take an ounce of the best Spahish Indigo bleu x powder it very well- (which myst be thus done) wett your mortar first with a litle camberly warme, then putt in your Indigo, and as you beat it putt in a little cham-berly it will make it beat ye . Better, x take of all the great hallow which lyc uppermost x lett it be small as flower. Then warme your Lye by the fire not very hot and putt in your Indigo and in a day x a night you may use it, stir it often, Soacke your straws first in a little Chamberly and allum mixt together, but except your straws, be very whit it will not take a bleu. Wee dye green in the same liquor that wee daw Bleau, only you must dye it yellow first.
113
A varnish for several Colours
Take gum-lake-Sandrack of each a litle quantity x mastic of fifth part to the quantity of the other, x putt them all tofether in a glasse of pur rectified spirit of wine close stopped, x let them stand 2 or 3 days, and in that time the gumes dissolve, or to hastchn the dipl-lation you may sett the glasse in warme water, see yt. yc. Glasses be close stopt x not washed; putt so much spirit of wine as may cover ye . gumes x inch, if it be to thick putt in some morore spirit of wint, if it be to thin more gums and when you would varnish any thing, you must make it as hot as the Sun would make it in the heat of summer, els it will not take the varnish, and doe it 4 or 5 times over with a fine haire bursh upon in it will looke like gold.
For Black
Take lampblack (calcined wory is the best) putt it ina dishx add the above Varnish to it
For Greene
Take orpint ground x bleu verditer of each equall parts, x put the varnish to the pwders in a glasse, but dry the powders well first
For Bleu
Take Bleu Verditour very dry with the above mentioned Varnish
Fore Perfect Clear
Take gum-lake alone
For an Ordinary Varnsih to use with colours
The shell or drop-lake dissoved as above. If any impurity be in it you may straine it
You may perfume it by dissolving amber-greece in it
For a Varnsh to clear white paper for windows
Take half a pod of the best x whitest strawberries fur[antine warme it in a skellet then putt to it once ounce x half of mastic beaten to powder, stirring it over a soft fire till it be dissolved; then putt in half a pod of furpentine oyle, mixing it with a spoon over the fire. The paper you cleare must be done over x wett with allum’s water x let dry again before the varnish be applied. It must be laid on with al growing toole
For broken China
Burnt allum with Ciment China
[1] Leong, Recipes and Everyday Knowledge, 82.
[2] Ibid at 90.
[3] “Receipt-Book, 17th-18th Century” (1690).
[4] Ibid at 109.
[5] Pearson, Alexander, Lord Southall (d. 1657), Judge,” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, accessed September 27, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/21707
[6] No Search Results,” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, accessed September 27, 2020, https://www.oxforddnb.com/noresults?btog=chap&isQuickSearch=true&q=Teman
Leong, Elaine. Recipes and Everyday Knowledge: Medicine, Science, and the Household in Early Modern England. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2018.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. “No Search Results.” Accessed September 27, 2020. https://www.oxforddnb.com/noresults?btog=chap&isQuickSearch=true&q=Teman.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. “Pearson, Alexander, Lord Southall (d. 1657), Judge.” Accessed September 27, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/21707.
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